母猪热应激敏感指标体系的研究进展

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.22.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

母猪由于其皮下脂肪厚、汗腺不发达等特点,在高温环境下容易发生热应激。有研究表明：热应激会改变其生理状态和血液生化成分等,降低母猪繁殖力,造成严重的经济损失。然而,目前针对母猪热应激敏感指标的研究总体较粗略、评价体系不全面;而且,母猪的耐热性受遗传、年龄和日粮等多种因素的影响,使得准确评价母猪热应激状态比较困难,成为制约母猪适宜环境参数研究的重要因素。笔者在系统总结母猪热应激研究的基础上,从表型、生理、生化、分子等不同层次探讨了相关指标对热应激的敏感程度及其作为母猪热应激评价指标的可行性,以期为生产中母猪热应激诊断及环境参数的优化奠定基础。总结发现：母猪热应激敏感指标有表皮温度、呼吸频率、直肠温度、血液和肝脏热休克蛋白70（HSP70）等;比较敏感的指标有：血中皮质醇（COR）、天门冬氨酸转移酶（AST）、丙氨酸转移酶(ALT)、肌酸激酶（CK）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）。其他指标如血清蛋白、血糖、血液免疫细胞、K ⁺、Na ⁺等随母猪热应激也有所变化,可作为辅助参考指标。其中,表皮温度、呼吸频率、直肠温度和HSP70水平可作为评价母猪长期热应激的指标。此外,尽管母猪热应激造成的行为变化相对滞后,但其测定成本低、对动物无应激,仍然具有一定价值。

关键词: 母猪, 热应激, 生理, 温度, 血生化, 敏感指标

Abstract:

Sows are easy to suffer from heat stress in the high temperature environment due to their thick subcutaneous fat and undeveloped sweat glands. Previous studies have showed that heat stress could change physiological state and blood biochemical components of the sows, reduce their fertility and then result in serious economic losses for pig industry. However, the sensitive indicators for heat stress in sow are not systematically evaluated and compared. Moreover, the tolerance for heat stress in sows is affected by many factors, including their heredity, age, and diet, making the accurate evaluation of sow heat stress more difficult and becoming an important factor restricting the establishment of suitable environmental parameters for sows. Based on a systematic literature investigation, the purpose of this review was to summarize the indicators for heat stress in sows on phenotypic, physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels, and also their sensitivities and its feasibility to be used as an evaluation index system for diagnosis of heat stress and evaluation of optimal environmental parameters for sows. It was concluded that the most sensitive indicators for heat stress in sows included skin temperature, respiratory rate, rectal temperature and expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the liver and blood. The secondly sensitive indicators included: blood cortisol (COR), aspartate transferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Other indicators that could be used as an auxiliary reference, including serum protein, blood glucose, blood immune cells, K ⁺, and Na ⁺. Moreover, skin temperature, respiratory rate, rectal temperature and expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) could be used as indicators to evaluate long-term heat stress of sows. In addition, though the behavior changes were insensitive, they were still valuable since the measuring cost was low, and no stress on animals.

Key words: sow, heat stress, physiology, temperature, blood biochemistry, sensitive indicator

袁雄坤,姜丽丽,陶诗煜,臧建军,王军军. 母猪热应激敏感指标体系的研究进展[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(22): 4691-4699.

YUAN XiongKun,JIANG LiLi,TAO ShiYu,ZANG JianJun,WANG JunJun. Research Progresses on Sensitive Index System of Heat Stress in Sows[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(22): 4691-4699.

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