中国农业科学 ›› 2012, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (20): 4130-4140.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.20.002

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

棉花雄性不育材料亚棉A的小孢子败育研究

 赵海燕, 黄晋玲   

  1. 1.山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷 030801)
  • 收稿日期:2012-06-20 出版日期:2012-10-15 发布日期:2012-08-16
  • 通讯作者: 通信作者黄晋玲,E-mail:hjl2003ie@yahoo.com.cn
  • 作者简介:赵海燕,E-mail:zhaohaiyan111111@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    山西省科技攻关项目“运用分子标记辅助选择技术选育棉花新品种”(20080311001-1)、山西省研究生优秀创新项目“棉花细胞质雄性不育系的遗传研究”(20103048)

Study on Microspore Abortion of Male Sterile Cotton Yamian A and Yamian B

 ZHAO  Hai-Yan, HUANG  Jin-Ling   

  1. 1.山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷 030801)
  • Received:2012-06-20 Online:2012-10-15 Published:2012-08-16

摘要: 【目的】从细胞学和生理生化两方面研究棉花雄性不育系亚棉A小孢子的败育机理。【方法】亚棉A是从亚比棉×陆地棉3种杂种中选育出来的新的细胞质雄性不育材料。运用光学、电子显微技术及生化指标测定法,对棉花不育系亚棉A及其保持系亚棉B小孢子的不同发育时期进行细胞形态学观察及生理生化特性分析。【结果】不育材料亚棉A的败育时期主要在造孢细胞期至减数分裂细线期前;在显微结构上,败育迹象起始于造孢细胞期,造孢细胞粘连,无核仁,部分已解体,未解体造孢细胞发育成的小孢子母细胞中核仁消失,在减数分裂细线期前完全解体,而绒毡层细胞延迟发育,且与中层细胞在整个花药发育过程中不降解,这些异常现象导致最终形成无花粉粒的花粉囊;在亚显微结构上,造孢细胞和小孢子母细胞中出现线粒体内嵴消失、内质网断裂等降解迹象的同时,相应绒毡层细胞中也出现了线粒体退化的异常现象。生化研究表明,不育系败育后花蕾中的过氧化物酶活性显著高于保持系,而其琥珀酸脱氢酶活性却明显低于保持系;不育系的叶片和不同发育时期花蕾中超氧化物歧化酶和细胞色素氧化酶活性均低于保持系。【结论】绒毡层细胞延迟发育可能是引起亚棉A小孢子败育的主要原因,过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、细胞色素氧化酶和琥珀酸脱氢酶活性的变化与其雄性不育相关。

关键词: 棉花, 细胞质雄性不育, 小孢子, 细胞学, 生理生化

Abstract: 【Objective】 Cell morphological observation and comparison of physiology and biochemistry characteristics of the new male sterile materials Yamian A and its maintainer Yamian B in cotton were studied.【Method】 Yamian A was identified as a new and stable cytoplasmic male sterile line derived from the triple hybrids of G. arboreum, G. bickii and G. herbaceum. This study involved observation of cell morphology and comparison of physiology and biochemicaI characteristics of the new male sterile materials Yamian A and its maintainer Yamian B by means of optical and electron microscopy and measurement of physiology and biochemical indexes.【Result】 Microspore abortion of Yamian A occurred mainly between the stages of sporogenous cell and leptotene. In the microscopic structure, the indications of abortion were that the sporogenous cells were adhesive, the sporogenous cells were without nuclei, then some of them were dissolved at the sporogenous cell stage, the sporogenous cells developed into microsporocyte without going through disintegration, then the nucleus disappeared, and completely disintegrated before the leptotene stage. Compared with the fertile line, the tapetal cell development in the sterile line were delayed, both the tapetal cells and middle layer cells did not collapse in the whole process of anther development. All these abnormal phenomenon resulted in the formation of pollen sacs without pollen grains finally. In the submicroscopic structure, the corresponding tapetal cells also showed an abnormal phenomenon of mitochondrial degradation, while the sporogenous cells and microsporocyte showed degradation signs of mitochondrial cristae, endoplasmic reticulum fracture, and so on. The peroxidase activities in the abortion flower buds of Yamian A were significantly higher than that in its maintainer Yamian B, but its succinodehydrogenase activities were lower than that in its maintainer Yamian B, the superoxide dismutase and cytochrome oxidase activities in the leaves and flower buds of different development stages were both lower than that in its maintainer Yamian B.【Conclusion】 The main cause leading to male sterility of Yamian A may be the delayed development of the tapetal cells, and the changes in the activities of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, cytochrome oxidase and succinodehydrogenase.

Key words: cotton, cytoplasmic male sterility, microspore, cytology, physiology and biochemistry