外源一氧化氮对冷害胁迫下棉花幼苗生长、抗氧化系统和光合特性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.15.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨外源NO供体硝普钠（SNP）提高新疆棉花抗逆能力的内在机制。【方法】以棉花新陆早13号、新陆早33号为材料，通过室内人工模拟低温逆境的方法，研究SNP（100 μmol•L-1）对冷害胁迫下棉花幼苗的生长、叶绿素含量、气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数及活性氧代谢的影响。【结果】在正常生长条件下SNP对棉花幼苗生长、过氧化氢（H2O2）、脯氨酸（Pro）、可溶性蛋白质和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）影响不大，但显著提高了过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性；此外，叶绿素含量、净光合速率（Pn）、胞间二氧化碳浓度（Ci）、最小荧光产量（F0）和最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）无明显影响，而气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、光合电子传递速率（ETR）和光系统Ⅱ实际量子效率（ΦPSⅡ）显著增加；冷害胁迫下，外源NO处理显著提高了叶片的生长速率、SOD、POD、CAT、APX和GR的活性以及Pro和可溶性蛋白质含量，减少了H2O2和膜脂过氧化产物MDA的积累；外源NO明显提高了棉花叶片叶绿素含量、Pn、Gs、Tr、Fv/Fm、ETR和ΦPSⅡ，降低Ci和增加非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ），避免过量的光伤害，维持较高的光系统Ⅱ活性。【结论】低温胁迫下，外源NO通过促进抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量的提高，降低H2O2和MDA的积累，保护了细胞膜结构的稳定性，从而减轻了冷害胁迫对棉花光系统Ⅱ的伤害，增强棉花的抗冷性。

关键词: 棉花, NO, 冷害胁迫, 活性氧代谢, 光合生理

Abstract: 【Objective】Cotton is a typical thermophilic crop. It is sensitive to low temperature stress, cold stress influenced greatly on cotton production, so it is of much improtance to explore the effects of exogenous NO donor (SNP) on cotton resistance ability.【Method】‘Xinluzao 13’ and ‘Xinluzao 33’ were used as materials in this experiment to investigate the effect of SNP(100 μmol•L-1) on growth, chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters, cholorophyll fluorescence parameters and active oxygen metabolism in seedlings of cotton cultivar under chilling stress.【Result】 It was found that SNP had no significant influence on growth, H2O2, Pro, soluble protein and SOD, but improved the activities of POD, CAT, APX and GR significantly under normal growth conditions. SNP had no obvious influence on chlorophyll content, Pn, Ci, F0 and Fv/Fm, but increased Gs, Tr, ETR and ΦPSⅡ significantly. Under chilling stress, exogenous NO treatments significantly increased the growth rate, SOD, POD, CAT, APX and GR activities of leaves, but reduced H2O2 and MDA contents. Exogenous NO increased chlorophyll content, Pn, Gs, Tr, Fv/Fm, ETR and ΦPSⅡ, reduced Ci but increased NPQ, avoided excessive light damage and maintained higher PSⅡ activity.【Conclusion】Under chilling stress, exogenous NO application reduced the accumulation of H2O2 and MDA, and protected the stabilization of membrane via enhancing the antioxidant enzymes activities and the contents of antioxidants, and enhanced cold tolerance in cotton seedlings and alleviated chilling stress damage to PSII center.

Key words: cotton, nitric oxide, chilling injury, active oxygen metabolism, photosynthetic physiology

杨美森, 王雅芳, 干秀霞, 罗宏海, 张亚黎, 张旺锋. 外源一氧化氮对冷害胁迫下棉花幼苗生长、抗氧化系统和光合特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(15): 3058-3067.

YANG Mei-Sen, WANG Ya-Fang, GAN Xiu-Xia, LUO Hong-Hai, ZHANG Ya-Li, ZHANG Wang-Feng. Effects of Exogenous Nitric Oxide on Growth, Antioxidant System and Photosynthetic Characteristics in Seedling of Cotton Cultivar Under Chilling Injury Stress[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(15): 3058-3067.

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