中国农业科学 ›› 2012, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 885-892.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.05.008

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

长期不同施肥对旱地小麦土壤氮素供应及吸收的影响

 梁斌, 赵伟, 杨学云, 周建斌   

  1. 1.西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2011-04-15 出版日期:2012-03-01 发布日期:2011-06-12
  • 通讯作者: 通信作者周建斌,Tel:029-87082793;E-mail:jbzhou@nwsuaf.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:梁 斌,E-mail:liangbin@nwsuaf.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD89B02)、国家自然科学基金(40571087)和西北农林科技大学创新团队项目

Effects of Long-Term Different Fertilization Managements on Changes of N in Soil and Its Uptake by Wheat on Dryland

 LIANG  Bin, ZHAO  Wei, YANG  Xue-Yun, ZHOU  Jian-Bin   

  1. 1.西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌 712100
  • Received:2011-04-15 Online:2012-03-01 Published:2011-06-12

摘要: 【目的】评价长期不同施肥处理土壤中氮素固持、供应和损失情况。【方法】以连续19年不施肥(NF)、施用化学氮、磷、钾肥(NPK)和有机肥与化学氮、磷、钾配施(MNPK)田间定位试验处理为对象,设置施氮和未施氮微区,研究了小麦生长期间土壤矿质态氮、土壤微生物量氮(SMBN)及小麦氮素吸收的动态变化。【结果】施用氮肥显著提高长期不施肥土壤(NF)矿质态氮含量(P<0.05),小麦拔节期、开花期和收获期增幅分别为239%、70%和62%,在小麦收获时施用的氮肥约50%淋溶到30 cm土层以下。氮肥施用使NPK处理土壤小麦拔节期和开花期矿质态氮含量分别显著增加46%和90%(P<0.05),但对MNPK处理土壤矿质态氮含量无显著影响。施用氮肥对NF处理SMBN无影响,使拔节期NPK和MNPK处理土壤SMBN含量分别显著增加1.8和3.4倍(P<0.05)。从拔节期到开花期,施用氮肥处理NPK和MNPK土壤SMBN显著降低49%和63%(P<0.05)。MNPK处理土壤小麦氮肥的利用率(69%)显著高于NF、NPK处理土壤(分别为5%和40%)。【结论】有机无机长期配施增强了土壤对氮肥的缓冲能力,协调了土壤中氮素固持、释放与作物吸收之间的关系,提高氮肥利用率。

关键词: 肥料定位试验, 有机肥, 化肥, 土壤微生物量氮, 氮肥利用率

Abstract: 【Objective】Organic fertilizer application can improve the biological function and affect the fates of inorganic N in soil. 【Method】 The microplot method was used to compare the effects of 19-year different fertilization managements (NF, no application of fertilizer; NPK, inorganic NPK fertilizer; MNPK, manure plus inorganic NPK fertilizer) on changes of mineral N and soil microbial biomass N (SMBN) and its uptake by wheat on dryland. 【Result】 Addition of urea-N significantly (P<0.05) increased mineral N content in the NF soil by 239%, 70%, and 62% at elongating, flowering, and harvesting stage, respectively; and about half of added N was leached below 30 cm soil layers after harvesting wheat. Addition of urea-N also enhanced the mineral N in the NPK soil at elongating and flowering stage, but had no effect on mineral N in the MNPK soil. Addition N had no effect on SMBN in the NF soil, but significantly (P<0.05) increased SMBN by 1.8 times in the NPK soil and 3.4 times in the MNPK soil at elongating stage. Soil microbial biomass N in the NPK and MNPK soils at vigorous stages of wheat (from elongating stage to flowering stage) decreased by 49% and 63%, respectively. The use efficiency rate of added N in the MNPK soil was 69%, which was significantly (P<0.05) higher than in the NPK (40%) and NF (5%) soils. 【Conclusion】 It was concluded that long-term application of manure plus chemical fertilizers increased the buffer capacity of soil to N fertilizer, and synchronized N retention in soil and take up by crops.

Key words: long-term experiment, manure, chemical fertilizer, soil microbial biomass, N use efficiency