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Journal of Integrative Agriculture  2026, Vol. 25 Issue (11): 4389-4422    DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2026.09.007
Special Focus: Crop sciences and production in China: A decade of progress and prospects Advanced Online Publication | Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search |
China’s rice science and production: Progress over the past decade and prospects for the future

Xingming Sun1*, Haiyan Wei2*, Ruyi Wang3*, Kun Wu4*, Zhanying Zhang1*, Xiaoming Zheng5*, Weiwei Li6*, Dezhi Wu7*, Qianfeng Li2*, Hui Zhang3*, Jiayu Huang1*, Gaoyuan Song8*, Qing Wang9*, Shilai Zhang13*, Zhe Zhao10, Hao Wang11, Erchao Duan12, Yue Feng14, Yuese Ning3#, Liang Tang15#, Fengyi Hu13#, Peng Qin11#, Hong Yu9#, Yihua Wang12#, Xuehui Huang8#, Qiaoquan Liu2#, Letian Chen10#, Yanfeng Ding6#, Jianchang Yang2#, Lubin Tan1#

1 Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China

2 Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

3 State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China

4 State Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation/Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

5 State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

6 Sanya Institute, Nanjing Agriculture University/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture/China-Kenya Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Crop Molecular Biology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China

7 College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China

8 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences/Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, Shanghai Academy of Natural Sciences/College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China

9 Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya 572024, China

10 Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Precise Breeding of Future Crops/College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China

11 State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China

12 State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Jiangsu Nanjing Rice Germplasm Resources/National Field Observation and Research Station/Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China

13 New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China

14 State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China

15 Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China

 Highlights 
● This review summarizes the progress of rice research and production in China over the past decade (2015–2025).  It covers rice production trends, germplasm conservation and utilization, genomics, the genetic basis underlying rice domestication and agronomic traits, cultivar breeding for major ecological regions, and prospects for future trends and challenges in rice breeding and cultivation in China.
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摘要  

水稻(Oryza sativa L.)是中国第一大口粮作物,具有悠久的种植历史,在万年的驯化历程中形成了独特的稻作文化。我国作为全球最大的水稻生产国与消费国,过去十年持续推进水稻科研与生产,取得丰硕研究成果。水稻种质资源精准鉴定、利用及新种质创制迭代突破,基因组、功能基因研究稳居国际领先水平,分子设计育种稳步落地,轻简化、智能化、无人化栽培模式逐渐成型。全方位、多层次的科技创新,推动了我国水稻产业高质量发展。与此同时,我国水稻产业发展面临诸多挑战。单产提升进入平台期、增产潜力仍需挖掘,环境、资源约束下的生产效率亟待提升,依托前沿技术支撑下的高效育种体系尚未建立成型。如何整合多元科技手段,面向产业发展痛点,构建高效育种与绿色栽培体系,实现水稻稳产抗逆、提质增效,已成为我国水稻产业转型升级、持续保障口粮绝对安全的关键举措。



Abstract  

China has a long history of rice cultivation and a rich rice-farming culture.  As the world’s largest producer and consumer of rice, continuously advancing rice research and production is vital to ensuring food security.  In this review, we systematically summarize the progress in rice research and production over the past decade (2015–2025) and highlight emerging challenges in China.  This review synthesizes national and regional characteristics of rice production, consumption, trade, along with advances in the conservation and utilization of rice germplasm resources, the molecular mechanisms of domestication and genomics.  It provides an in-depth elaboration of the molecular and genetic basis governing rice agronomic traits, including yield components, grain quality, hybrid fertility, nutrient-use efficiency, and abiotic/biotic resistance.  This is followed by a comprehensive overview of rice cultivar improvement adapted to the major ecological zones.  This work further highlights the transformative shift in rice cultivation management from traditional labor-intensive farming to simplified, smart, and unmanned cultivation systems.  Future directions for rice breeding are discussed, with a focus on the integration of molecular design, multi-omics, and artificial intelligence technologies to build high-efficiency breeding systems that are conducive to sustainable and resilient rice production in China.

Keywords:  rice       production        germplasm resources        genomics        molecular breeding        genetic basis        cultivar development        perspectives  
Received: 01 July 2026   Accepted: 17 August 2026 Online: 02 September 2026  
Fund: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32125029, 32230074, 32261143465, 32272198, 32301964, 32372130, 32530023, 32572301, 32572374, 32572849, and U25A20663), the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-01), the Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Disciplines Breakthrough Plan of the Ministry of Education of China (JYB2025XDXM705), the Key R&D Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China (2024BBF01001), the Sichuan Science and Technology Program, China (2025NSFTD0024), the Sichuan Rice Innovation Team of National Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System, China (SCCXTD-2024-SD-1), and the Invigorate the Seed Industry of Guangdong Province, China (2024-NPY-00-044).
About author:  Xingming Sun, E-mail: sunxm@cau.edu.cn; Haiyan Wei, E-mail: wei_haiyan@163.com; Ruyi Wang, E-mail: wangruyi@caas.cn; Kun Wu, E-mail: kunwu@genetics.ac.cn; Zhanying Zhang, E-mail: zhangzhanying@cau.edu.cn; Xiaoming Zheng, E-mail: zhengxiaoming@caas.cn; Weiwei Li, E-mail: li1990@njau.edu.cn; Dezhi Wu, E-mail: wudezhi230@163.com; Qianfeng Li, E-mail: qfli@yzu.edu.cn; Hui Zhang, E-mail: wangruyi@caas.cn; Jiayu Huang, E-mail: hjylearner@qq.com; Gaoyuan Song, E-mail: gaoyuan.song.bioinfo@gmail.com; Qing Wang, E-mail: wangqing@yzwlab.cn; Shilai Zhang, E-mail: shilaizhang@ynu.edu.cn; #Correspondence Lubin Tan, E-mail: tlb9@cau.edu.cn; Jianchang Yang, E-mail: jcyang@yzu.edu.cn; Yanfeng Ding, E-mail: dingyf@njau.edu.cn; Letian Chen, E-mail: lotichen@scau.edu.cn; Qiaoquan Liu, E-mail: qqliu@yzu.edu.cn; Xuehui Huang, E-mail: xhhuang@shnu.edu.cn; Yihua Wang, E-mail: yihuawang@njau.edu.cn; Hong Yu, E-mail: hyu@genetics.ac.cn; Peng Qin, E-mail: qinpeng@sicau.edu.cn; Fengyi Hu, E-mail: hfengyi@ynu.edu.cn; Liang Tang, E-mail: tangliang@syau.edu.cn; Yuese Ning, E-mail: ningyuese@caas.cn * These authors contributed equally to this study.

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Xingming Sun, Haiyan Wei, Ruyi Wang, Kun Wu, Zhanying Zhang, Xiaoming Zheng, Weiwei Li, Dezhi Wu, Qianfeng Li, Hui Zhang, Jiayu Huang, Gaoyuan Song, Qing Wang, Shilai Zhang, Zhe Zhao, Hao Wang, Erchao Duan, Yue Feng, Yuese Ning, Liang Tang, Fengyi Hu, Peng Qin, Hong Yu, Yihua Wang, Xuehui Huang, Qiaoquan Liu, Letian Chen, Yanfeng Ding, Jianchang Yang, Lubin Tan. 2026. China’s rice science and production: Progress over the past decade and prospects for the future. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 25(11): 4389-4422.

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