|
Avni R, Nave M, Barad O, Baruch K, Twardziok S O, Gundlach H, Hale I, Mascher M, Spannagl M, Wiebe K. Jordan K W, Golan G, Deek J, Ben-Zvi B, Ben-Zvi G, Himmelbach A, MacLachlan R P, Sharpe A G, Fritz A, Ben-David R, et al. 2017. Wild emmer genome architecture and diversity elucidate wheat evolution and domestication. Science, 357, 93–97.
Beales J, Turner A, Griffiths S, Snape J W, Laurie D A. 2007. A pseudo-response regulator is misexpressed in the photoperiod insensitive Ppd-D1a mutant of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 115, 721.
Beijing Municipal Food and Strategic Reserves Bureau. 2026. [2026-2-9]. https://lsj.beijing.gov.cn/zwxx/lyxx/hqfx/202601/t20260119_4445122.html
Bernardo A N, Ma H, Zhang D, Bai G. 2011. Single nucleotide polymorphism in wheat chromosome region harboring Fhb1 for Fusarium head blight resistance. Molecular Breeding, 29, 477.
Bhave M, Morris C F. 2008. Molecular genetics of puroindolines and related genes: Allelic diversity in wheat and other grasses. Plant Molecular Biology, 66, 205–219.
Cai W L, Cheng X J, Gao Y J, Chen Z Y, Chen Y M, Liu Y J, Zhang Y F, Li J M, Sun Q X, Ni Z F, Liu J, Chai L L. 2026. Activation of TaWUS-D1 drives multi-ovary floret development in bread wheat. Plant Communications, 7, 101577.
Cao J, Liu K Y, Song W J, Zhang J N, Yao Y Y, Xin M M, Hu Z R, Peng H R, Ni Z F, Sun Q X, Du J K. 2021. Pleiotropic function of the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE gene TaSPL14 in wheat plant architecture. Planta, 253, 44.
Cao L N, Li T, Geng S F, Zhang Y H, Pan Y X, Zhang X Y, Wang F, Hao C Y. 2023. TaSPL14-7A is a conserved regulator controlling plant architecture and yield traits in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1178624.
Cao Q, Zhu Z W, Xu D G, Wu J H, Xu X W, Dong Y, Bian Y J, Ding F G, Zhao D H, Tu Y, Wu L, Han D J, Lan C X, Xia X C, H Z H, Hao Y F. 2024. Characterization of a 4.1 Mb inversion harboring the stripe rust resistance gene YR86 on wheat chromosome 2AL. The Crop Journal, 12, 1168–1175.
Cavalet-Giorsa E, González-Muñoz A, Athiyannan N, Holden S, Salhi A, Gardener C, Quiroz-Chávez J, Rustamova S M, Elkot A F, Patpour M, Rasheed A, Mao L, Lagudah E S, Periyannan S K, Sharon A, Himmelbach A, Reif J C, Knauft M, Mascher M, Stein N, et al. 2024. Origin and evolution of the bread wheat D genome. Nature, 633, 848–855.
Cha J K, O’Connor K, Alahmad S, Lee J H, Dinglasan E, Park H, Lee S M, Hirsz D, Kwon S W, Kwon Y, Kim K M, Ko J M, Hickey L T, Shin D, Dixon L E. 2022. Speed vernalization to accelerate generation advance in winter cereal crops. Molecular Plant, 15, 1300–1309.
Chai L L, Xin M M, Dong C Q, Chen Z Y, Zhai H J, Zhuang J H, Cheng X J, Wang N J, Geng J, Wang X B, Bian R L, Yao Y Y, Guo W L, Hu Z R, Peng H R, Bai G H, Sun Q X, Su Z Q, Liu J, Ni Z F. 2022. A natural variation in Ribonuclease H-like gene underlies Rht8 to confer “Green Revolution” trait in wheat. Molecular Plant, 15, 377–380.
Chang J Z, Zhang J N, Mao X G, Li A, Ji J Z, Jing R L. 2013. Polymorphism of TaSAP1-A1 and its association with agronomic traits in wheat. Planta, 237, 1495.
Chang S Y, Chen Q, Yang T, Li B Y, Xin M M, Su Z Q, Du J K, Guo W L, Hu Z R, Liu J, Peng H R, Ni Z F, Sun Q X, Yao Y Y. 2022. Pinb-D1p is an elite allele for improving end-use quality in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 135, 4469–4481.
Chen B, Liu Y L, Yang Y Y, Wang Q N, Li S M, Li F F, Du L Y, Zhang P Y, Wang X M, Zhang S X, Zhang X K, Kang Z S, Wang X J, Mao H D. 2025. A system genetics analysis uncovers the regulatory variants controlling drought response in wheat. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 23, 1565–1584.
Chen F, Jia H Y, Zhang X J, Qiao L Y, Li X, Zheng J, Guo H J, Powers C, Yan L L, Chang Z J. 2019. Positional cloning of PmCH1357 reveals the origin and allelic variation of the Pm2 gene for powdery mildew resistance in wheat. The Crop Journal, 7, 771–783.
Chen S L, Cheng X Y, Yu K , Chang X N, Bi H H, Xu H X, Wang J S, Pei X X, Zhang Z L, Zhan K H. 2020. Genome-wide association study of differences in 14 agronomic traits under low- and high-density planting models based on the 660k SNP array for common wheat. Plant Breeding, 139, 272–283.
Chen S S, Rouse M N, Zhang W J, Zhang X Q, Guo Y, Briggs J, Dubcovsky J. 2020. Wheat gene Sr60 encodes a protein with two putative kinase domains that confers resistance to stem rust. New Phytologist, 225, 948–959.
Chen T T, Li L, Liu D, Tian Y B, Li L L, Zeng J Q, Rasheed A, Cao S H, Xia X C, He Z H, Liu J D, Zhang Y. 2025. Genome wide linkage mapping for black point resistance in a recombinant inbred line population of Zhongmai 578 and Jimai 22. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 24, 3311–3321.
Chen W, Zhang J J, Deng X P. 2024. Winter wheat yield improvement by genetic gain across different provinces in China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 23, 468–483.
Chen Y, Yan Y, Wu T T, Zhang G L, Yin H R, Chen W, Wang S S, Chang F, Gou J Y. 2020. Cloning of wheat keto-acyl thiolase 2B reveals a role of jasmonic acid in grain weight determination. Nature Communications, 11, 6266.
Chen Y M, Kong D H, Wang Z K, Liu J Q, Wang L H, Dai K L, Ji J L, Chen W, Tang X, Wen M X, Zhang X, Zhang H J, Jiao C Z, Sun L, Wang H Y, Fei X R, Guo H, Sun B J, Tao X R, Wang W, et al. 2025. A wheat CC-NBS-LRR protein Ym1 confers WYMV resistance by recognizing viral coat protein. Nature Communications, 16, 3630.
Chen Z Y, Li X S, He F, Liu B, Xu W Y, Chai L L, Cheng X J, Song L, Guo W L, Hu Z R, Su Z Q, Liu J, Xin M M, Peng H R, Yao Y Y, Sun Q X, Xing J W, Ni Z F. 2024. Positional cloning and characterization reveal the role of TaSRN-3D and TaBSR1 in the regulation of seminal root number in wheat. New Phytologist, 242, 2510–2523.
Cheng H, Liu J, Wen J, Nie X J, Xu L H, Chen N B, Li Z X, Wang Q L, Zheng Z Q, Li M, Cui L C, Liu Z H, Bian J X, Zhang Z H, Xu S B, Yang Q, Appels R, Han D J, Song W N, Sun Q X, et al. 2019. Frequent intra- and inter-species introgression shapes the landscape of genetic variation in bread wheat. Genome Biology, 20, 136.
Cheng X J, Xin M M, Xu R B, Chen Z Y, Cai W L, Chai L L, Xu H W, Jia L, Feng Z Y, Wang Z H, Peng H R, Yao Y Y, Hu Z R, Guo W L, Ni Z F, Sun Q X. 2020. A single amino acid substitution in STKc_GSK3 kinase conferring semispherical grains and its implications for the origin of Triticum sphaerococcum. The Plant Cell, 32, 923–934.
Cui F, Zhang N, Fan X L, Zhang W, Zhao C H, Yang L J, Pan R Q, Chen M, Han J, Zhao X Q, Ji J, Tong Y P, Zhang H X, Jia J Z, Zhao G Y, Li J M. 2017. Utilization of a Wheat660K SNP array-derived high-density genetic map for high-resolution mapping of a major QTL for kernel number. Scientific Reports, 7, 3788.
Dhakal R, Sandro P, Gutiérrez L. 2025. Optimized protocol for high-throughput vernalization with speed breeding in winter wheat. Plant Methods, 21, 156.
Du L Y, Huang X L, Ding L, Wang Z X, Tang D L, Chen B, Ao L J Y, Liu Y L, Kang Z S, Mao H D. 2023. TaERF87 and TaAKS1 synergistically regulate TaP5CS1/TaP5CR1-mediated proline biosynthesis to enhance drought tolerance in wheat. New Phytologist, 237, 232–250.
Ellis M, Spielmeyer W, Gale K, Rebetzke G, Richards R. 2002. “Perfect” markers for the Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b dwarfing genes in wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 105, 1038.
Fei S P, Jia Y D, Li L, Xiao S F, Song J, Yang S R, Wang D X, Sun G Y, Zhang B H, Wang K Y, Ma J J, Liu J D, Xiao Y G, Ma Y T. 2025. Genetic resolution of multi-level plant height in common wheat using the 3D canopy model from ultra-low altitude unmanned aerial vehicle imagery. Plant Phenomics, 7, 100017.
Fei S P, Xiao S F, Zhu J Y, Xiao Y G, Ma Y T. 2024. Dual sampling linear regression ensemble to predict wheat yield across growing seasons with hyperspectral sensing. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 216, 108514.
Fu D L, Szűcs P, Yan L L, Helguera M, Skinner J S, von Zitzewitz J, Dubcovsky J. 2005. Large deletions within the first intron in VRN-1 are associated with spring growth habit in barley and wheat. Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 273, 54.
Fu D L, Uauy C, Distelfeld A, Blechl A, Epstein L, Chen X M, Sela H A, Fahima T, Dubcovsky J. 2009. A Kinase-START gene confers temperature-dependent resistance to wheat stripe rust. Science, 323, 1357–1360.
Gale M D, Devos K M. 1998. Plant comparative genetics after 10 years. Science, 282, 656–659.
Gao P, Zhou Y, Gebrewahid T W, Zhang P P, Yan X C, Li X, Yao Z J, Li Z F, Liu D Q. 2019. Identification of known leaf rust resistance genes in common wheat cultivars from Sichuan Province in China. Crop Protection, 115, 122–129.
Gao Y, Wang X L, Shi Y. 2022. The types, regional distribution, and consumption trend of Chinese traditional wheat-based foods. Journal of Food Quality, 2022, 9986119.
Gao Y J, An K X, Guo W W, Chen Y M, Zhang R J, Zhang X, Chang S Y, Rossi V, Jin F M, Cao X Y, Xin M M, Peng H R, Hu Z R, Guo W L, Du J K, Ni Z F, Sun Q X, Yao Y Y. 2021. The endosperm-specific transcription factor TaNAC019 regulates glutenin and starch accumulation and its elite allele improves wheat grain quality. The Plant Cell, 33, 603–622.
Gaurav K, Arora S, Silva P, Sánchez-Martín J, Horsnell R, Gao L, Brar G S, Widrig V, John Raupp W, Singh N, Wu S, Kale S M, Chinoy C, Nicholson P, Quiroz-Chávez J, Simmonds J, Hayta S, Smedley M A, Harwood W, Pearce S, et al. 2022. Population genomic analysis of Aegilops tauschii identifies targets for bread wheat improvement. Nature Biotechnology, 40, 422–431.
Giroux M J, Morris C F. 1998. Wheat grain hardness results from highly conserved mutations in the friabilin components puroindoline a and b. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95, 6262–6266.
Guo G H, Bai K H, Hou Y K, Gong Z, Zhang H Z, Wu Q Z, Lu P, Li M M, Dong L L, Xie J Z, Chen Y X, Zhang P P, Zhu K Y, Li B B, Li W L, Dong L, Yang Y J, Qiu D, Wang G J, Ahn H K, et al. 2025. The wheat NLR pair RXL/Pm5e confers resistance to powdery mildew. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 23, 1260–1276.
Guo L J, Ma M, Wu L N, Zhou M D, Li M Y, Wu B W, Li L, Liu X L, Jing R L, Chen W, Zhao H X. 2022. Modified expression of TaCYP78A5 enhances grain weight with yield potential by accumulating auxin in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Biotechnology Journal, 20, 168–182.
Guo X J, Fu Y X, Lee Y R J, Chern M, Li M L, Cheng M P, Dong H X, Yuan Z W, Gui L X, Yin J J, Qing H, Zhang C B, Pu Z E, Liu Y J, Li W T, Li W, Qi P F, Chen G Y, Jiang Q T, Ma J, et al. 2022. The PGS1 basic helix-loop-helix protein regulates Fl3 to impact seed growth and grain yield in cereals. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 20, 1311–1326.
Hao C, Jiao C, Hou J, Li T, Liu H, Wang Y, Zheng J, Liu H, Bi Z, Xu F, Zhao J, Ma L, Wang Y, Majeed U, Liu X, Appels R, Maccaferri M, Tuberosa R, Lu H, Zhang X. 2020. Resequencing of 145 landmark cultivars reveals asymmetric sub-genome selection and strong founder genotype effects on wheat breeding in China. Molecular Plant, 13, 1733–1751.
Hao Y C, Kong F M, Wang L L, Zhao Y, Li M Y, Che N X, Li S, Wang M, Hao M, Zhang X C, Zhao Y. 2024. Genome-wide association study of grain micronutrient concentrations in bread wheat. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 23, 1468–1480.
Hassan M A, Yang M L, Rasheed A, Tian X L, Reynolds M, Xia X C, Xiao Y G, He Z H. 2021. Quantifying senescence in bread wheat using multispectral imaging from an unmanned aerial vehicle and QTL mapping. Plant Physiology, 187, 2623–2636.
He F, Du D J, Chen Z Y, Ma L, Liu Y J, Li Z J, Song L, Jiang Z H, Fan Y J, Sun Q X, Ni Z F. 2025. A natural variation in the promoter of TaGDSL-7D contributes to grain weight and yield in wheat. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 23, 3851–3863.
He F, Pasam R, Shi F, Kant S, Keeble-Gagnere G, Kay P, Forrest K, Fritz A, Hucl P, Wiebe K, Knox R, Cuthbert R, Pozniak C, Akhunova A, Morrell P L, Davies J P, Webb S R, Spangenberg G, Hayes B, Daetwyler H, et al. 2019. Exome sequencing highlights the role of wild-relative introgression in shaping the adaptive landscape of the wheat genome. Nature Genetics, 51, 896–904.
He H G, Tang Q L, Zhang Q Y, Zhu S Y, Lv S J, Bao Y G, Liang J B, Wang J L, Wang J, Xu H X, Cavalet-Giorsa E, Krattinger S G, Li H J, Wu C D, Gao A L, Wang Y J. 2025. An NLR pair in the Pm68 locus confers powdery mildew resistance in durum and common wheat. Nature Communications, 16, 9039.
He H G, Wang J L, Liang J B, Zhang Q Y, Xue M F, Chen Z Z, Tang Q L, Chen X B, Zhu S Y, Wang Y J. 2024. An integrated pipeline facilitates fast cloning of a new powdery mildew resistance gene from the wheat wild relative Aegilops umbellulata. Plant Communications, 5, 101070.
He H G, Zhu S Y, Zhao R H, Jiang Z N, Ji Y Y, Ji J, Qiu D, Li H J, Bie T D. 2018. Pm21, encoding a typical CC-NBS-LRR protein, confers broad-spectrum resistance to wheat powdery mildew disease. Molecular Plant, 11, 879–882.
He X Y, He Z H, Ma W, Appels R, Xia X C. 2009a. Allelic variants of phytoene synthase 1 (Psy1) genes in Chinese and CIMMYT wheat cultivars and development of functional markers for flour colour. Molecular Breeding, 23, 553.
He X Y, He Z H, Zhang L P, Sun D J, Morris C F, Fuerst E P, Xia X C. 2007. Allelic variation of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) genes located on chromosomes 2A and 2D and development of functional markers for the PPO genes in common wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 115, 47–58.
He X Y, Wang J W, Ammar K, Peña RJ, Xia X C, He Z H. 2009b. Allelic variants at the Psy-A1 and Psy-B1 loci in durum wheat and their associations with grain yellowness. Crop Science, 49, 2058.
He Z H, Zhuang Q S, Cheng S H, Yu Z W, Zhao Z D, Liu X. 2018. Wheat production and technology improvement in China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 8, 107. (in Chinese)
Helguera M, KhanI A, Kolmer J, Lijavetzky D, Zhong-qi L, Dubcovsky J. 2003. PCR assays for the Lr37-Yr17-Sr38 cluster of rust resistance genes and their use to develop isogenic hard red spring wheat lines. Crop Science, 34, 1839–1847.
Herrera-Foessel S A, Singh R P, Huerta-Espino J, Rosewarne G M, Periyannan S K, Viccars L, Lagudah E S. 2012. Lr68: A new gene conferring slow rusting resistance to leaf rust in wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 124, 1475.
Herrera-Foessel S A, Singh R P, Lillemo M, Huerta-Espino J, Bhavani S, Singh S, Lagudah E S. 2014. Lr67/Yr46 confers adult plant resistance to stem rust and powdery mildew in wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 127, 781.
Hou J, Deng H, Xu F X, Geng S H, Liu C C, Li W X, Shi X, Wu Z Q, Lei Z S, Zhou Z F. 2024. Genetic dissection of flour whiteness through genome-wide association analysis in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Current Plant Biology, 40, 100391.
Hou J, Jiang Q Y, Hao C Y, Wang Y Q, Zhang H N, Zhang X Y. 2014. Global selection on sucrose synthase haplotypes during a century of wheat breeding. Plant Physiology, 164, 1918–1929.
Hou X Y, Guo C J, Qiao Y J Z, Wang J L, Wang Z Y, Zhang J Q, Shi X X, Fu X X, Zhang H N, Xiao K. 2025. Wheat miRNA TaMIR5062-5A targets calmodulin TaCML31 that cooperates with MYB member TaMYB77 to modulate drought and salt responses. Plant Cell and Environment, 48, 7562–7587.
Hu M J, Zhang H P, Liu K, Cao J J, Wang S X, Jiang H, Xia X C. 2016. Cloning and characterization of TaTGW-7A gene associated with grain weight in wheat via SLAF-seq-BSA. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01902.
Hu M Y, Zhao X Q, Liu Q, Hong X, Zhang W, Zhang YJ, Sun LJ, Li H, Tong Y P. 2018. Transgenic expression of plastidic glutamine synthetase increases nitrogen uptake and yield in wheat. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 16, 1858–1867.
Hu Y L, Li M M, Li Y Q, Du L L, Xie R J, Ni F, Xia C J, Wang K, Huang Y Y, Xu B Y, Li Y H, Jiang Y F, Hao M, Jiang B, Ning S Z, Yuan Z W, Feng L H, Zhang L Q, Chen S S, Wu B H, et al. 2025. A head-to-head NLR gene pair from wild emmer confers stripe rust resistance in wheat. Nature Genetics, 57, 1543–1552.
Huang S, Zhang L, Liang J B, Ouyang Y, Yan Y R, Ju H K, Wang Y X, Zhang H, Liu T G, Tang C L, Wang X J, Wang Y J. 2026. Genome-based mutant RNA mapping identifies an NLR pair underlying Yr6-mediated stripe rust resistance in wheat. Plant Communications, 7, 101542.
International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC). 2018. Shifting the limits in wheat research and breeding using a fully annotated reference genome. Science, 361, eaar7191.
Jia J Z, Zhao G Y, Li D P, Wang K, Kong C Z, Deng P C, Yan X Q, Zhang X Y, Lu Z F, Xu S J, Jiao Y N, Chong K, Liu X, Cui D Q, Li G W, Zhang Y J, Du C G, Wu L, Li T B, Yan D, et al. 2023. Genome resources for the elite bread wheat cultivar Aikang 58 and mining of elite homeologous haplotypes for accelerating wheat improvement. Molecular Plant, 16, 1893–1910.
Jia M L, Li Y N, Wang Z Y, Tao S, Sun G L, Kong X C, Wang K, Ye X G, Liu S S, Geng S F, Mao L, Li A L. 2021. TaIAA21 represses TaARF25-mediated expression of TaERFs required for grain size and weight development in wheat. The Plant Journal, 108, 1754–1767.
Jiang D J, Hao X H, Zhang J, Tang H, Wang F. 2021. Reducing expression of TaOTUB1s decreases tiller number in wheat. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 16, 2018217.
Jiang Q Y, Hou J, Hao C Y, Wang L F, Ge H M, Dong Y S, Zhang X Y. 2011. The wheat (T. aestivum) sucrose synthase 2 gene (TaSus2) active in endosperm development is associated with yield traits. Functional & Integrative Genomics, 11, 49.
Jiang Y M, Jiang Q Y, Hao C Y, Hou J, Wang L F, Zhang H N, Zhang S N, Chen X H, Zhang X Y. 2015. A yield-associated gene TaCWI, in wheat: Its function, selection and evolution in global breeding revealed by haplotype analysis. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 128, 131.
Jiao C Z, Hao C Y, Li T, Bohra A, Wang L F, Hou J, Liu H X, Liu H, Zhao J, Wang Y M, Liu Y C, Wang Z W, Jing X, Wang X E, Varshney R K, Fu J J, Zhang X Y. 2023. Fast integration and accumulation of beneficial breeding alleles through an AB–NAMIC strategy in wheat. Plant Communications, 4, 100549.
Jiao C Z, Xie X M, Hao C Y, Chen L Y, Xie Y X, Garg V, Zhao L, Wang Z H, Zhang Y Q, Li T, Fu J J, Chitikineni A, Hou J, Liu H X, Dwivedi G, Liu X, Jia J Z, Mao L, Wang X E, Appels R, et al. 2025. Pan-genome bridges wheat structural variations with habitat and breeding. Nature, 637, 384–393.
Jin Y L, Shi F Y, Liu W H, Fu X Y, Gu T T, Han G H, Shi Z P, Sheng Y, Xu H X, Li L H, An D G. 2021. Identification of resistant germplasm and detection of genes for resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust from 2,978 wheat accessions. Plant Disease, 105, 3900–3908.
Jing Y F, Shen C C, Li W J, Peng L, Hu M Y, Zhang Y J, Zhao X Q, Teng W, Tong Y P, He X. 2024. TaLBD41 interacts with TaNAC2 to regulate nitrogen uptake and metabolism in response to nitrate availability. The New Phytologist, 242, 641–657.
Klymiuk V, Yaniv E, Huang L, Raats D, Fatiukha A, Chen S S, Feng L H, Frenkel Z, Krugman T, Lidzbarsky G, Chang W, Jääskeläinen M J, Schudoma C, Paulin L, Laine P, Bariana H, Sela H, Saleem K, Sørensen C K, Hovmøller M S, et al. 2018. Cloning of the wheat Yr15 resistance gene sheds light on the plant tandem kinase-pseudokinase family. Nature Communications, 9, 3735.
Kong X C, Wang F, Geng S F, Guan J T, Tao S, Jia M L, Sun G L, Wang Z Y, Wang K, Ye X G, Ma J, Liu D C, Wei Y M, Zheng Y L, Fu X D, Mao L, Lan X J, Li A L. 2022. The wheat AGL6-like MADS-box gene is a master regulator for floral organ identity and a target for spikelet meristem development manipulation. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 20, 75–88.
Korzun V, Röder M S, Ganal M W, Worland A J, Law C N. 1998. Genetic analysis of the dwarfing gene (Rht8) in wheat. Part I. Molecular mapping of Rht8 on the short arm of chromosome 2D of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 96, 1104–1109.
Krouk G, Kiba T. 2020. Nitrogen and phosphorus interactions in plants: From agronomic to physiological and molecular insights. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 57, 104–109.
Lagudah E S, Krattinger S G, Herrera-Foessel S, Singh R P, Huerta-Espino J, Spielmeyer W, Keller B. 2009. Gene-specific markers for the wheat gene Lr34/Yr18/Pm38 which confers resistance to multiple fungal pathogens. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 119, 889.
Lang J, Fu Y X, Zhou Y, Cheng M P, Deng M, Li M L, Zhu T T, Yang J, Guo X J, Gui L X, Li L C, Chen Z X, Yi Y J, Zhang L Q, Hao M, Huang L, Tan C, Chen G Y, Jiang Q T, Qi P F, et al. 2021. Myb10-D confers PHS-3D resistance to pre-harvest sprouting by regulating NCED in ABA biosynthesis pathway of wheat. New Phytologist, 230, 1940–1952.
Lei C, Li M Z, Chen Z P, He W, Liu B, Liu S Q, Li X J, Xie Y Z. 2023. Molecular mapping of two novel cold resistance genes in common wheat by 660K SNP array. Molecular Breeding, 43, 83.
Li A L, Hao C Y, Wang Z Y, Geng S F, Jia M L, Wang F, Han X, Kong X C, Yin L J, Tao S, Deng Z Y, Liao R Y, Sun G L, Wang K, Ye X G, Jiao C Z, Lu H F, Zhou Y, Liu D C, Fu X D, Zhang X Y, Mao L. 2022. Wheat breeding history reveals synergistic selection of pleiotropic genomic sites for plant architecture and grain yield. Molecular Plant, 15, 504–519.
Li C Y, Yang J, Zhu M, Ding J F, Zhu X K, Zhou G S, Guo W S. 2022. Urea amendment alleviated morphological and physiological damages and yield loss of winter wheat subjected to low temperature stress at jointing stage. Plant Growth Regulation, 98, 589–598.
Li F J, Zhang X B, Xu D Y, Ma Q, Le T, Zhu M, Li C Y, Zhu X K, Guo W S, Ding J F. 2022. No-tillage promotes wheat seedling growth and grain yield compared with plow–rotary tillage in a rice–wheat rotation in the high rainfall region in China. Agronomy, 12, 865.
Li G Q, Yuan Y, Zhou J Y, Cheng R, Chen R T, Luo X M, Shi J X, Wang H Y, Xu B Y, Duan Y Y, Zhong J K, Wang X, Kong Z X, Jia H Y, Ma Z Q. 2023. FHB resistance conferred by Fhb1 is under inhibitory regulation of two genetic loci in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 136, 134.
Li G Q, Zhou J Y, Jia H Y, Gao Z X, Fan M, Luo Y J, Zhao P T, Xue S L, Li N, Yuan Y, Ma S W, Kong Z X, Jia L, An X, Jiang G, Liu W X, Cao W J, Zhang R R, Fan J C, Xu X W, et al. 2019. Mutation of a histidine-rich calcium-binding-protein gene in wheat confers resistance to Fusarium head blight. Nature Genetics, 51, 1106–1112.
Li G W, Ren Y, Yang Y X, Chen S L, Zheng J Z, Zhang X Q, Li J L, Chen M G, Sun X N, Lv C L, Li X D, Zhang B B, Sun X, Li Y J, Zhao M T, Dong C H, Tang J W, Huang Z P, Peng Y Y, Gu D B, et al. 2025. Genomic analysis of Zhou8425B, a key founder parent, reveals its genetic contributions to elite agronomic traits in wheat breeding. Plant Communications, 6, 101222.
Li H, Zhu L L, Fan R X, Li Z, Liu Y F, Shaheen A, Nie F, Li C, Liu X Q, Li Y Y, Liu W J, Yang Y Y, Guo T T, Zhu Y, Bu M C, Li C L, Liang H H, Bai S L, Ma F F, Guo G H, et al. 2024. A platform for whole-genome speed introgression from Aegilops tauschii to wheat for breeding future crops. Nature Protocols, 19, 281–312.
Li H H, Men W Q, Ma C, Liu Q W, Dong Z J, Tian X B, Wang C L, Liu C L, Gill H S, Ma P T, Zhang Z B, Liu B, Zhao Y, Sehgal S K, Liu W X. 2024. Wheat powdery mildew resistance gene Pm13 encodes a mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein. Nature Communications, 15, 2449.
Li H J, Zhou Y, Xin W L, Wei Y Q, Zhang J L, Guo L L. 2019. Wheat breeding in northern China: Achievements and technical advances. The Crop Journal, 7, 718–729.
Li H N, Hua L, Zhao S Q, Hao M, Song R, Pang S Y, Liu Y N, Chen H, Zhang W J, Shen T, Gou J Y, Mao H L, Wang G P, Hao X H, Li J, Song B X, Lan C X, Li Z F, Deng X W, Dubcovsky J, et al. 2023. Cloning of the wheat leaf rust resistance gene Lr47 introgressed from Aegilops speltoides. Nature Communications, 14, 6072.
Li H R, Qin Z, Geng X L, Cao J, Yuan X Y, Peng H R, Yao Y Y, Hu Z R, Guo W L, Zhang Y M, Liu J, Rossi V, De Smet I, Ni Z F, Sun Q X, Xin M M. 2025. TaIRE1-mediated unconventional splicing of the TabZIP60 mRNA and the miR172 precursor regulates heat stress tolerance in wheat. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 67, 2388–2400.
Li J H, Xie L N, Tian X L, Liu S Y, Xu D G, Jin H, Song J, Dong Y, Zhao D H, Li G Y, Li Y L, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Xia X C, He Z H, Cao S H. 2021. TaNAC100 acts as an integrator of seed protein and starch synthesis exerting pleiotropic effects on agronomic traits in wheat. The Plant Journal, 108, 829–840.
Li J P, Liu X B, Chang S M, Chu W, Lin J C, Zhou H, Hu Z R, Zhang M C, Xin M M, Yao Y Y, Guo W L, Xie X D, Peng H R, Ni Z F, Sun Q X, Long Y, Hu Z R. 2024. The potassium transporter TaNHX2 interacts with TaGAD1 to promote drought tolerance via modulating stomatal aperture in wheat. Science Advances, 10, eadk4027.
Li L, Hassan M A, Song J, Xie Y D, Rasheed A, Yang S R, Li H Y, Liu P, Xia X C, He Z H, Xiao Y G. 2023. UAV-based RGB imagery and ground measurements for high-throughput phenotyping of senescence and QTL mapping in bread wheat. Crop Science, 63, 3292–3309.
Li L, Hassan M A, Wang D X, Wan G L, Beegum S, Rasheed A, Xia X C, He Y, Zhang Y, He Z H, Liu J D, Xiao Y G. 2025. RGB imaging and computer vision-based approaches for identifying spike number loci for wheat. Plant Phenomics, 7, 100051.
Li M J, Wang T, Zhang H, Liu S, Li W H, Elwafa S F A, Tian H. 2022. TaNRT2.1-6B is a dual-affinity nitrate transporter contributing to nitrogen uptake in bread wheat under both nitrogen deficiency and sufficiency. The Crop Journal, 10, 993–1005.
Li M M, Dong L L, Li B B, Wang Z Z, Xie J Z, Qiu D, Li Y H, Shi W Q, Yang L J, Wu Q H, Chen Y X, Lu P, Guo G H, Zhang H Z, Zhang P P, Zhu K Y, Li Y W, Zhang Y, Wang R, Yuan C G, et al. 2020. A CNL protein in wild emmer wheat confers powdery mildew resistance. New Phytologist, 228, 1027–1037.
Li M M, Zhang H Z, Xiao H X, Zhu K Y, Shi W Q, Zhang D, Wang Y, Yang L J, Wu Q H, Xie J Z, Chen Y X, Qiu D, Guo G H, Lu P, Li B B, Dong L, Li W L, Cui X J, Li L C, Tian X B, et al. 2024. A membrane associated tandem kinase from wild emmer wheat confers broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew. Nature Communications, 15, 3124.
Li P C, Song M N, Yao L R, Li C D, Si E J, Li B C, Meng Y X, Ma X L, Yang K, Zhang H, Shang X W, Zhang X Y, Wang J C, Wang H J. 2026. Integration of GWAS and WGCNA identifies PUE-related gene TaERF112 in wheat. Plant, Cell & Environment, 49, 1848–1863.
Li S, Liu G Y, Wu Z Y, Zhang D X, Gan C Y, Li B Y, Liu J, Ni Z F, Sun Q X, Liang R Q. 2025. The TaMYB44-TaMYB1 module regulates grain amylose biosynthesis and flour viscosity in wheat. Plant Communications, 6, 101461.
Li S N, Lin D X, Zhang Y W, Deng M, Chen Y X, Lv B, Li B S, Lei Y, Wang Y P, Zhao L, Liang Y T, Liu J X, Chen K L, Liu Z Y, Xiao J, Qiu J L, Gao C X. 2022. Genome-edited powdery mildew resistance in wheat without growth penalties. Nature, 602, 455–460.
Li S M, Zhang Y F, Liu Y L, Zhang P Y, Wang X M, Chen B, Ding L, Nie Y X, Li F F, Ma Z B, Kang Z S, Mao H D. 2024. The E3 ligase TaGW2 mediates transcription factor TaARR12 degradation to promote drought resistance in wheat. Plant Cell, 36, 605–625.
Li W J, He X, Chen Y, Jing Y F, Shen C C, Yang J B, Teng W, Zhao X Q, Hu W J, Hu M Y, Li H, Miller A J, Tong Y P. 2020. A wheat transcription factor positively sets seed vigour by regulating the grain nitrate signal. New Phytologist, 225, 1667–1680.
Li X P, Zhao X Q, He X, Zhao G Y, Li B, Liu D C, Zhang A M, Zhang X Y, Tong Y P, Li Z S. 2011. Haplotype analysis of the genes encoding glutamine synthetase plastic isoforms and their association with nitrogen-use- and yield-related traits in bread wheat. New Phytologist, 189, 449–458.
Li Y H, Wei Z Z, Sela H N, Govta L, Klymiuk V, Roychowdhury R, Chawla H S, Ens J, Wiebe K, Bocharova V, Ben-David R, Pawar P B, Zhang Y, Jaiwar S, Molnár I, Doležel J, Coaker G, Pozniak C J, Fahima T. 2024. Dissection of a rapidly evolving wheat resistance gene cluster by long-read genome sequencing accelerated the cloning of Pm69. Plant Communications, 5, 100646.
Li Y Q, Zhang H D, Dong F Y, Zou J, Gao C B, Zhu Z W, Liu Y K. 2022. Multiple roles of wheat calmodulin genes during stress treatment and TaCAM2-D as a positive regulator in response to drought and salt tolerance. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 220, 985–997.
Liang J, Jiang H Y, Cheng M P, Wang M W, Gu J, Dong H X, Li M L, Guo X J, Chen Q, Wang J R. 2024. Variation of TaMyb10 and their function on grain color and pre-harvest sprouting resistance of wheat. Plant Journal, 118, 1388–1399.
Ling H Q, Ma B, Shi X L, Liu H, Dong L L, Sun H, Cao Y H, Gao Q, Zheng S S, Li Y, Yu Y, Du H L, Qi M, Li Y, Lu H W, Yu H, Cui Y, Wang N, Chen C L, Wu H L, et al. 2018. Genome sequence of the progenitor of wheat A subgenome Triticum urartu. Nature, 557, 424–428.
Liu B, Xu W Y, Niu Y X, Li Q Y, Cao B L, Qi J Y, Zhao Y D, Zhou Y L, Song L, Cui D K, Liu Z S, Xin M M, Yao Y Y, You M S, Ni Z F, Sun Q X, Xing J W. 2025. TaTCP6 is required for efficient and balanced utilization of nitrate and phosphorus in wheat. Nature Communications, 16, 1683.
Liu B H, Li G Q, Zhang Y E, Zhang L, Lu D J, Yan P, Yue S C, Hoogenboom G, Meng Q F, Chen X P. 2025. Optimizing management strategies to enhance wheat productivity in the North China Plain under climate change. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 24, 2989–3003.
Liu H, Li H F, Hao C Y, Wang K, Wang Y M, Qin L, An D G, Li T, Zhang X Y. 2020. TaDA1, a conserved negative regulator of kernel size, has an additive effect with TaGW2 in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Biotechnology Journal, 18, 1330–1342.
Liu H X, Li T, Hou J, Yin X T, Wang Y Q, Si X M, Shoaib U R, Zhuang L, Guo W L, Hao C Y, Zhang X Y. 2025. TaWUS-like-5D affects grain weight and filling by inhibiting the expression of sucrose and trehalose metabolism-related genes in wheat grain endosperm. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 23, 2018–2033.
Liu J J, Zhang Q, Meng D Y, Ren X L, Li H W, Su Z Q, Zhang N, Zhi L Y, Ji J, Li J M, Cui F, Song L Q. 2021. QMrl-7B enhances root system, biomass, nitrogen accumulation and yield in bread wheat. Plants-Basel, 10, 764.
Liu L H, Qu P P, Zhou Y, Li H B, Liu Y N, Zhang M M, Zhang L P, Zhao C P, Zhang S Q, Pang B S. 2024. Consensus linkage map construction and QTL mapping for eight yield-related traits in wheat using the BAAFS Wheat 90K SNP array. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 23, 3641–3656.
Liu S B, Wang D F, Lin M, Sehgal S K, Dong L, Wu Y Y, Bai G H. 2021. Artificial selection in breeding extensively enriched a functional allelic variation in TaPHS1 for pre-harvest sprouting resistance in wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 134, 339–350.
Liu S C, Li K, Dai X R, Qin G C, Lu D D, Gao Z X, Li X P, Song B L, Bian J X, Ren D, Liu Y Q, Chen X F, Xu Y B, Liu W M, Yang C, Liu X Q, Chen S S, Li J, Li B S, He H, et al. 2025. A telomere-to-telomere genome assembly coupled with multi-omic data provides insights into the evolution of hexaploid bread wheat. Nature Genetics, 57, 1008–1020.
Liu S P, Li L, Wang W L, Xia G M, Liu S W. 2024. TaSRO1 interacts with TaVP1 to modulate seed dormancy and pre-harvest sprouting resistance in wheat. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 66, 36–53.
Liu S X, Chao S M, Anderson J A. 2008a. New DNA markers for high molecular weight glutenin subunits in wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 118, 177.
Liu S X, Mo X G, Lin Z H, Xu Y Q, Ji J J, Wen G, Richey J. 2010. Crop yield responses to climate change in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China. Agricultural Water Management, 97, 1195–1209.
Liu S X, Pumphrey M, Gill B, Trick H, Zhang J, Dolezel J, Anderson J. 2008b. Toward positional cloning of Fhb1, a major QTL for Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat. Cereal Research Communications, 36, 195.
Liu S Y, Wang C Y, Gou J Y, Dong Y, Tian W F, Fu L P, Xiao Y G, Luo X M, He Z H, Xia X C, Cao S H. 2022. Genome-wide association study of ferulic acid content using 90K and 660K SNP chips in wheat. Journal of Cereal Science, 106, 103498.
Liu X B, Li J P, Zhang C J, Zhao D Y, Peng X, Yang Q, Liu Z H, Miao L F, Chu W, Lin J C, Chang S M, Liu D B, Liu X Y, Wang W X, Wang X B, Xin M M, Yao Y Y, Guo W L, Xie X D, Peng H R. 2025. An elite allele TaDT1-AhapI enhances drought tolerance via mediating autophagic pathways in wheat. Nature Communications, 16, 6563.
Liu X F, Xu Z B, Feng B, Zhou Q, Ji G S, Guo S D, Liao S M, Lin D, Fan X L, Wang T. 2022. Quantitative trait loci identification and breeding value estimation of grain weight-related traits based on a new wheat 50K single nucleotide polymorphism array-derived genetic map. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 967432.
Liu Y C, Hou J, Wang X L, Li T, Majeed U, Hao C Y, Zhang X Y. 2020. The NAC transcription factor NAC019-A1 is a negative regulator of starch synthesis in wheat developing endosperm. Journal of Experimental Botany, 71, 5794–5807.
Liu Y C, Wang M M, Wang Y J, Liu H X, Xi W, David S, Wang X L, Zhuang L, Li H F, Li T, Liu H X, Hou J, Liu X, Hao C Y, Zhang X Y. 2025. The transcription factor MYB44 suppresses starch synthesis to negatively regulate grain weight and yield in wheat and rice. Molecular Plant, 18, 1193–1209.
Liu Y C, Xi W, Wang X L, Li H F, Liu H X, Li T, Hou J, Liu X, Hao C Y, Zhang X Y. 2023. TabHLH95-TaNF-YB1 module promotes grain starch synthesis in bread wheat. Journal of Genetics and Genomics, 50, 883–894.
Liu Y L, Chen B, Qin Z, Jiang P, Yang Y Y, Wang C, Xing T F, Li F F, Du L Y, Li S M, Zhang X K, Nie X J, Kang Z S, Mao H D. 2025. TaFAR5-TaFAR3 module regulates cuticular wax biosynthesis and drought tolerance in wheat. New Phytologist, 248, 1802–1821.
Liu Y X, Li W, Chen H P, Wei Y M, Chen G Y, Lu Y L, Zheng Y L. 2008. Variation for glutenin and waxy alleles and their effect on quality properties in Sichuan wheat landraces. Journal of Plant Sciences, 3, 266–276.
Liu Z H, Yang Q, Liu X B, Li J P, Zhang L, Chu W, Lin J C, Liu D B, Zhao D Y, Peng X, Zeng C W, Xin M M, Yao Y Y, Peng H R, Ni Z F, Sun Q X, Hu Z R. 2025. Suppression of TaHDA8-mediated lysine deacetylation of TaAREB3 acts as a drought-adaptive mechanism in wheat root development. Molecular Plant, 18, 1222–1240.
Lu C T, Du J, Chen H Y, Gong S J, Jin Y Y, Meng X R, Zhang T, Fu B S, Molnár I, Holušová K, Said M, Xing L P, Kong L N, Doležel J, Li G Y, Wu J Z, Chen P D, Cao A Z, Zhang R Q. 2024. Wheat Pm55 alleles exhibit distinct interactions with an inhibitor to cause different powdery mildew resistance. Nature Communications, 15, 503.
Lu P, Guo L, Wang Z Z, Li B B, Li J, Li Y H, Qiu D, Shi W, Yang L J, Wang N, Guo G H, Xie J Z, Wu Q H, Chen Y X, Li M M, Zhang H Z, Dong L L, Zhang P P, Zhu K Y, Yu D Z, et al. 2020. A rare gain of function mutation in a wheat tandem kinase confers resistance to powdery mildew. Nature Communications, 11, 680.
Lu P, Zhang G H, Li J, Gong Z, Wang G J, Dong L L, Zhang H Z, Guo G H, Su M, Wang K, Wang Y M, Zhu K Y, Wu Q H, Chen Y X, Li M M, Huang B G, Li B B, Li W L, Dong L, Hou Y K, et al. 2025. A wheat tandem kinase and NLR pair confers resistance to multiple fungal pathogens. Science, 387, 1418–1424.
Lv D Y, Zhang C L, Yv R, Yao J X, Wu J H, Song X P, Jian J T, Song P B, Zhang Z Y, Han D J, Sun D J. 2021. Utilization of a wheat50K SNP microarray-derived high-density genetic map for QTL mapping of plant height and grain traits in wheat. Plants, 10, 1167.
Lv G F, Wang Y T, Zhang H P, Shen Y N, Hu W J, Liu D T, Liu M M, Wang W N, Gao Y W, Lan C X, Bie T D, Wu H Y, Chen W, Zhang Y, Zhang J W, He C, Yan W H, Gao D R. 2026. Telomere-to-telomere genome assembly reveals the genomic architecture of disease resistance and yield coordination in elite wheat YM33. Molecular Plant, 19, 213–216.
Lyu J Y, Wang D Z, Sun N, Yang F, Li X P, Mu J Y, Zhou R X, Zheng G L, Yang X, Zhang C X, Han C, Xia G M, Li G Y, Fan M, Xiao J, Bai M Y. 2024. The TaSnRK1-TabHLH489 module integrates brassinosteroid and sugar signalling to regulate the grain length in bread wheat. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 22, 1989–2006.
Ma J H, Geng Y K, Liu H, Zhang M Q, Liu S J, Hao C Y, Hou J, Zhang Y F, Zhang D J, Zhang W J, Zhang X Y, Li T. 2023. TaTIP41 and TaTAP46 positively regulate drought tolerance in wheat by inhibiting PP2A activity. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 65, 2056–2070.
Ma L, Li T, Hao C Y, Wang Y Q, Chen X H, Zhang X Y. 2016. TaGS5-3A, a grain size gene selected during wheat improvement for larger kernel and yield. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 14, 1269.
Ma M, Guo L J, Jian C, Wu L N. Zhang T X, Li M, Wu B W, Zhang Y Y, Peng H X, Zhang K, Liu X L, Li G Y, Jing R L, Zhao H X. 2025. Knockout of TaOTUB1 homoeologs in wheat promotes increased grain yield and earlier flowering. The Plant Journal, 123, e70376.
Ma M, Wang Q, Li Z J, Cheng H H, Li Z J, Liu X L, Song W N, Appels R, Zhao H X. 2015. Expression of TaCYP78A3, a gene encoding cytochrome P450 CYP78A3 protein in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), affects seed size. The Plant Journal, 83, 312–325.
Ma P T, Xu H X, Li L H, Zhang H X, Han G H, Xu Y F, Fu X Y, Zhang X T, An D G. 2016. Characterization of a new Pm2 allele conferring powdery mildew resistance in the wheat germplasm line FG-1. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00546.
Maccaferri M, Harris N S, Twardziok S O, Pasam R K, Gundlach H, Spannagl M, Ormanbekova D, Lux T, Prade V M, Milner S G, Himmelbach A, Mascher M, Bagnaresi P, Faccioli P, Cozzi P, Lauria M, Lazzari B, Stella A, Manconi A, Gnocchi M, et al. 2019. Durum wheat genome highlights past domestication signatures and future improvement targets. Nature Genetics, 51, 885–895.
Mago R, Brown-Guedira G, Dreisigacker S, Breen J, Jin Y, Singh R, Spielmeyer W. 2010. An accurate DNA marker assay for stem rust resistance gene Sr2 in wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 122, 735.
Mao H D, Jian C, Cheng X X, Chen B, Mei F M, Li F F, Zhang Y F, Li S M, Du L Y, Li T, Hao C Y, Wang X J, Zhang X Y, Kang Z S. 2022a. The wheat ABA receptor gene TaPYL1-1B contributes to drought tolerance and grain yield by increasing water-use efficiency. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 20, 846–861.
Mao H D, Li S M, Chen B, Jian C, Mei F M, Zhang Y F, Li F F, Chen N, Li T, Du L Y, Ding L, Wang Z X, Cheng X X, Wang X J, Kang Z S. 2022b. Variation in cis-regulation of a NAC transcription factor contributes to drought tolerance in wheat. Molecular Plant, 15, 276–292.
Mao H D, Li S M, Wang Z X, Cheng X X, Li F F, Mei F M, Chen N, Kang Z S. 2020. Regulatory changes in TaSNAC8-6A are associated with drought tolerance in wheat seedlings. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 18, 1078–1092.
Mao X G, Zhang H Y, Qian X Y, Li A, Zhao G Y, Jing R L. 2012. TaNAC2, a NAC-type wheat transcription factor conferring enhanced multiple abiotic stress tolerances in Arabidopsis. Journal of Experimental Botany, 63, 2933.
Marchal C, Zhang J, Zhang P, Fenwick P, Steuernagel B, Adamski N M, Boyd L, McIntosh R, Wulff B B H, Berry S, Lagudah E, Uauy C. 2018. BED-domain-containing immune receptors confer diverse resistance spectra to yellow rust. Nature Plants, 4, 662–668.
Martre P, Dueri S, Guarin J R, Ewert F, Webber H, Calderini D, Molero G, Reynolds M, Miralles D, Garcia G, Brown H, George M, Craigie R, Cohan J P, Deswarte J C, Slafer G, Giunta F, Cammarano D, Ferrise R, Gaiser T, et al. 2024. Global needs for nitrogen fertilizer to improve wheat yield under climate change. Nature Plants, 10, 1081–1090.
Mega R, Abe F, Kim J S, Tsuboi Y, Tanaka K, Kobayashi H, Sakata Y, Hanada K, Tsujimoto H, Kikuchi J, Cutler S R, Okamoto M. 2019. Tuning water-use efficiency and drought tolerance in wheat using abscisic acid receptors. Nature Plants, 5, 153–159.
Meng Y J, Cui J X, Zeng W B, Li X P, Du C Q, Wang P F, Li G Z, Ge Q, Guo T C, Kang G Z. 2025. The bHLH transcription factor PIL1 orchestrates starch synthesis in key cereal crops. Nature Communications, 17, 511.
Miflin B J, Habash D Z. 2002. The role of glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase in nitrogen assimilation and possibilities for improvement in the nitrogen utilization of crops. Journal of Experimental Botany, 53, 979–987.
Milec Z, Tomková L, Sumíková T, Pánková K. 2012. A new multiplex PCR test for the determination of Vrn-B1 alleles in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Molecular Breeding, 30, 317.
Mohamed E A, Ahmed A A M, Schierenbeck M, Hussein M Y, Baenziger P S, Börner A, Sallam A. 2023. Screening spring wheat genotypes for TaDreb-B1 and Fehw3 genes under severe drought stress at the germination stage using KASP technology. Genes, 14, 373.
Mohler V, Hsam S L K, Zeller F J, Wenzel G. 2001. An STS marker distinguishing the rye-derived powdery mildew resistance alleles at the Pm8/Pm17 locus of common wheat. Plant Breeding, 120, 448.
Moore J W, Herrera-Foessel S, Lan C, Schnippenkoetter W, Ayliffe M, Huerta-Espino J, Lillemo M, Viccars L, Milne R, Periyannan S, Kong X, Spielmeyer W, Talbot M, Bariana H, Patrick J W, Dodds P, Singh R, Lagudah E. 2015. A recently evolved hexose transporter variant confers resistance to multiple pathogens in wheat. Nature Genetics, 47, 1494–1498.
Mu J Y, Wang H L, Wang D Z, Yang F, Lyu J Y, Yang X, Sun N, Zheng G L, Zhou R X, Xu B, Xing S J, Han C, Xia G M, Li G Y, Xiao J, Fan M, Bai M Y. 2025. Nitrogen enhances post-drought recovery in wheat by modulating TaSnRK210-mediated regulation of TaNLP7. Nature Plants, 11, 1810–1826.
Nakamura T, Vrinten P, Saito M, Konda M. 2002. Rapid classification of partial waxy wheats using PCR-based markers. Genome, 45, 1150.
National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2026. Annual agricultural statistics. [2026-1-30]. https://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=C01
Ni F, Zheng Y Y, Liu X K, Yu Y, Zhang G Q, Epstein L, Mao X, Wu J Z, Yuan C L, Lv B, Yu H X, Li J L, Zhao Q, Yang Q Y, Liu J J, Qi J, Fu D L, Wu J J. 2023. Sequencing trait-associated mutations to clone wheat rust-resistance gene YrNAM. Nature Communications, 14, 4353.
Niu K X, Chang C Y, Zhang M Q, Guo Y T, Yan Y, Sun H J, Zhang G L, Li X M, Gong Y L, Ding C H, Wang M L, Ni Z, Sun Q X, Gou J Y. 2023. Suppressing ASPARTIC PROTEASE 1 prolongs photosynthesis and increases wheat grain weight. Nature Plants, 9, 965–977.
Oerke E C, Dehne H W. 2004. Safeguarding production - Losses in major crops and the role of crop protection. Crop Protection, 23, 275–285.
Puchta H, Houben A. 2024. Plant chromosome engineering - Past, present and future. New Phytologist, 241, 541–552.
Qiu D, Dong L L, Jiao C Z, Hu J H, Liu Y, Zhu K Y, Wu Q H, Li M M, Zhang H Z, Lu P, Zhao Z H, Li Y W, Chen Y X, Guo G H, Li Y H, Xie J Z, Wang G J, Li W L, Dong L, Li B B, et al. 2025. Wheat powdery mildew resistance gene Pm52/Pm6 from Triticum timopheevii encodes an NLR protein with an integrated PRK domain. Plant Communications, 6, 101569.
Qiu D, Hu W, Zhou Y, Xiao J, Hu R, Wei Q H, Zhang Y, Feng J L, Sun F S, Sun J T, Yang G X, He G Y. 2021. TaASR1-D confers abiotic stress resistance by affecting ROS accumulation and ABA signalling in transgenic wheat. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 19, 1588–1601.
Ragupathy R, Naeem H A, Reimer E, Lukow O M, Sapirstein H D, Cloutier S. 2008. Evolutionary origin of the segmental duplication encompassing the wheat GLU-B1 locus encoding the overexpressed Bx7 (Bx7OE) high molecular weight glutenin subunit. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 116, 283.
Rasheed A, Hao Y F, Xia X C, Khan A, Xu Y B, Varshney R K, He Z H. 2017. Crop breeding chips and genotyping platforms: Progress, challenges, and perspectives. Molelular Plant, 10, 1047–1064.
Rasheed A, Wen W, Gao F M, Zhai S N, Jin H, Liu J D, Guo Q, Zhang Y J, Dreisigacker S, Xia X C, He Z H. 2016. Development and validation of KASP assays for genes underpinning key economic traits in bread wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 129, 1843–1860.
Rey M D, Martin A C, Higgins J, Swarbreck D, Uauy C, Shaw P, Moore G. 2017. Exploiting the ZIP4 homologue within the wheat Ph1 locus has identified two lines exhibiting homoeologous crossover in wheat-wild relative hybrids. Molecular Breeding, 37, 95.
Röder M S, Korzun V, Wendehake K, Plaschke J, Tixier M H, Leroy P, Ganal M W. 1998. A microsatellite map of wheat. Genetics, 149, 2007–2023.
Rosewarne G M, Singh R P, Huerta-Espino J, Herrera-Foessel S A, Forrest K L, Hayden M J, Rebetzke G J. 2012. Analysis of leaf and stripe rust severities reveals pathotype changes and multiple minor QTLs associated with resistance in an Avocet×Pastor wheat population. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 124, 1283.
Saito M, Vrinten P, Ishikawa G, Graybosch R, Nakamura T. 2004. A novel codominant marker for selection of the null Wx-B1 allele in wheat breeding programs. Molecular Breeding, 23, 209.
Sánchez-Martín J, Widrig V, Herren G, Wicker T, Zbinden H, Gronnier J, Spörri L, Praz C R, Heuberger M, Kolodziej M C, Isaksson J, Steuernagel B, Karafiátová M, Doležel J, Zipfel C, Keller B. 2021. Wheat Pm4 resistance to powdery mildew is controlled by alternative splice variants encoding chimeric proteins. Nature Plants, 7, 327–341.
Savary S, Willocquet L, Pethybridge S J, Esker P, Mcroberts N, Nelson A. 2019. The global burden of pathogens and pests on major food crops. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 3, 430–439.
Schneider A, Linc G, Molnár-Láng M. 2003. Fluorescence in situ hybridization polymorphism using two repetitive DNA clones in different cultivars of wheat. Plant Breeding, 122, 396–400.
Shao A, Ma W Y, Zhao X Q, Hu M Y, He X, Teng W, Li H, Tong Y P. 2017. The auxin biosynthetic TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE RELATED TaTAR2.1-3A increases grain yield of wheat. Plant Physiology, 174, 2274–2288.
Sharma D, Avni R, Gutierrez-Gonzalez J, Kumar R, Sela H, Prusty M R, Shatil-Cohen A, Molnár I, Holušová K, Said M, Doležel J, Millet E, Khazan-Kost S, Landau U, Bethke G, Sharon O, Ezrati S, Ronen M, Maatuk O, Eilam T, et al. 2024. A single NLR gene confers resistance to leaf and stripe rust in wheat. Nature Communications, 15, 9925.
Shi X L, Cui F, Han X Y, He Y L, Zhao L, Zhang N, Zhang H, Zhu H D, Liu Z X, Ma B, Zheng S S, Zhang W, Liu J J, Fan X L, Si Y Q, Tian S Q, Niu J Q, Wu H L, Liu X M, Chen Z, et al. 2022. Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses uncover the molecular basis of high nitrogen-use efficiency in the wheat cultivar Kenong 9204. Molecular Plant, 15, 1440–1456.
Song L, Liu J, Cao B L, Liu B, Zhang X P, Chen Z Y, Dong C Q, Liu X Q, Zhang Z H, Wang W X, Chai L L, Liu J, Zhu J, Cui S B, He F, Peng H R, Hu Z R, Su Z Q, Guo W L, Xin M M, Yao Y Y, Yan Y, Song Y M, Bai G H, Sun Q X, Ni Z F. 2023. Reducing brassinosteroid signalling enhances grain yield in semi-dwarf wheat. Nature, 617, 118–124.
Song P B, Wang X, Wang X X, Zhou F, Xu X W, Wu B J, Yao J X, Lv D Y, Yang M Y, Song X P, Sun D J. 2021. Application of 50K chip-based genetic map to QTL mapping of stem-related traits in wheat. Crop & Pasture Science, 72, 105–112.
Su Z Q, Bernardo A, Tian B, Chen H, Wang S, Ma H X, Cai S B, Liu D T, Zhang D D, Li T, Trick H, St. Amand P, Yu J M, Zhang Z Y, Bai G H. 2019. A deletion mutation in TaHRC confers Fhb1 resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat. Nature Genetics, 51, 1099–1105.
Su Z Q, Hao C Y, Wang L F, Dong Y C, Zhang X Y. 2011. Identification and development of a functional marker of TaGW2 associated with grain weight in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 122, 211.
Sun C, Li H C, Liu Y J, Li Y J, Gao R, Shi X L, Fei H Y, Liu J X, Liang R H, Gao C X. 2025. Iterative recombinase technologies for efficient and precise genome engineering across kilobase to megabase scales. Cell, 188, 10.1016/j.cell.2025.07.011.
Sun C W, Dong Z D, Zhao L, Ren Y, Zhang N, Chen F. 2020. The Wheat 660K SNP array demonstrates great potential for marker-assisted selection in polyploid wheat. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 18, 1354–1360.
Sun C W, Jing Z H, Chen X Q, Chen J H, Shang Q Q, Jin H, Jia J Z, Ren Y, Zhao L, Gao L F, He Z H, Chen F. 2025. Reconciliation of wheat 660K and 90K SNP arrays and their utilization in dough rheological properties of bread wheat. Journal of Advanced Research, 77, 1–13.
Sun W H, Dong H T, Liu S J, Ma S W, Zeng Q D, Li J H, Ke K, Yue W J, Zhang W J, Fang X R, Han J Y, Zhou X Y, Zhao J W, Guo G H, Li G Y, Cao X Y, Zheng W J, Li C L, Kang Z S, Han D J, et al. 2026. The wheat Yr6 locus, allelic to Pm5, harbors an NLR gene pair conferring stripe rust resistance. Plant Communications, 7, 101541.
Teng W, He X, Tong Y P. 2022. Genetic control of efficient nitrogen use for high yield and grain protein concentration in wheat: A review. Plants, 11, 492.
Teng W, Zhao Y Y, Zhao X Q, He X, Ma W Y, Deng Y, Chen X P, Tong Y P. 2017. Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of PHT1 phosphate transporters in wheat. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 543.
Tian S J, Mao X G, Zhang H Y, Chen S S, Zhai C C, Yang S M, Jing R L. 2013. Cloning and characterization of TaSnRK2.3, a novel SnRK2 gene in common wheat. Journal of Experimental Botany, 64, 2063.
Tian S Q, Niu J Q, Shang Q S, Wang M C, Li Y, Ji J, Wang F, Ling H Q, Si Y Q. 2026. Structure variation-driven activation of TaWUS-D1 confers tri-pistil trait in wheat. Plant Communications, 7, 101571.
Tian X J, Qin Z, Zhao Y, Wen J J, Lan T Y, Zhang L Y, Wang F, Qin D D, Yu K H, Zhao A J, Hu Z R, Yao Y Y, Zi Z F, Sun Q X, De Smet I, Peng H R, Xin M M. 2022. Stress granule-associated TaMBF1c confers thermotolerance through regulating specific mRNA translation in wheat (Triticum aestivum). New Phytologist, 233, 1719–1731.
Tian X J, Wang F, Zhao Y, Lan T Y, Yu K H, Zhang L Y, Qin Z, Hu Z R, Yao Y Y, Ni Z F, Sun Q X, Rossi V, Peng H R, Xin M M. 2020. Heat shock transcription factor A1b regulates heat tolerance in wheat and Arabidopsis through OPR3 and jasmonate signalling pathway. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 18, 1109–1111.
Tommasini L, Yahiaoui N, Srichumpa P, Keller B. 2006. Development of functional markers specific for seven Pm3 resistance alleles and their validation in the bread wheat gene pool. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 114, 165.
Walkowiak S, Gao L L, Monat C C, Haberer G, Kassa M T, Brinton J, Ramirez-Gonzalez R H, Kolodziej M C, Delorean E, Thambugala D, Klymiuk V, Byrns B, Gundlach H, Bandi V, Siri J N, Nilsen K, Aquino C, Himmelbach A, Copetti D, Ban T, et al. 2020. Multiple wheat genomes reveal global variation in modern breeding. Nature, 588, 277–283.
Wang C H, Chang Y N, Wang M, Wang J, Liu C, Fan C L, Yi C Y, Zhou C, Yuan J, Yang W Y, Liu D C, Wang T, Liu Y, Ye X G, Han F P. 2025. The Yr9 gene encoding a CC-NBS-LRR protein in the 1RS-1BL translocation confers wheat stripe rust resistance. Science China-Life Sciences, 68, 2804–2806.
Wang H, Zou S H, Li Y W, Lin F Y, Tang D Z. 2020. An ankyrin-repeat and WRKY-domain-containing immune receptor confers stripe rust resistance in wheat. Nature Communications, 11, 1353.
Wang H H, Liu Y Y, Wu L F, Xia C, Chen Y Y, Kong X Y, Shi F, Li H L, Yang X F, Ma L, Sun J Q, Zhang L C, Xie Z C. 2025. TaNPF6.2 improves agronomic traits via enhancing nitrogen uptake efficiency in wheat. Journal of Genetics and Genomics, 52, 120–123.
Wang H R, Feng M, Jiang Y J, Du D J, Dong C Q, Zhang Z H, Wang W X, Liu J, Liu X Q, Li S F, Chen Y M, Guo W L, Xin M M, Yao Y Y, Ni Z F, Sun Q X, Peng H R, Li J. 2023. Thermosensitive SUMOylation of TaHsfA1 defines a dynamic ON/OFF molecular switch for the heat stress response in wheat. Plant Cell, 35, 3889–3910.
Wang H W, Su S L, Ge W Y, Zhao L F, Hou B Q, Wang K, Lyu Z F, Chen L Y, Xu S S, Guo J, Li M, Su P S, Li X F, Wang G P, Bo C Y, Fang X J, Zhuang W W, Cheng X X, Wu J W, Dong L H, et al. 2020. Horizontal gene transfer of Fhb7 from fungus underlies Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat. Science, 368, eaba5435.
Wang L H, Li G Y, Peña RJ, Xia X C, He Z H. 2010. Development of STS markers and establishment of multiplex PCR for Glu-A3 alleles in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Cereal Science, 51, 305.
Wang L H, Zhao X L, He Z H, Ma W, Appels R, Peña R J, Xia X C. 2009. Characterization of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit Glu-B3 genes and development of STS markers in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 118, 525.
Wang M, Cheng J, Wu J H, Chen J F, Liu D, Wang C Y, Ma S W, Guo W W, Li G J, Di D W, Zhang Y M, Han D J, Kronzucker H J, Xia G M, Shi W M. 2024. Variation in TaSPL6-D confers salinity tolerance in bread wheat by activating TaHKT1;5-D while preserving yield-related traits. Nature Genetics, 56, 1257–1269.
Wang M M, Geng J, Zhang Z, Wang W X, Ma T, Ni P, Zhang Z H, Li X S, Xing J W, Sun Q X, Zhang Y F, Ni Z F. 2025. The sucrose transporter TaSWEET11 is critical for grain filling and yield potential in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The Plant Journal, 122, e70133.
Wang N, Tang C L, Fan X, He M Y, Gan P F, Zhang S, Hu Z Y, Wang X D, Yan T, Shu W X, Yu L G, Zhao J R, He J N, Li L L, Wang J F, Huang X L, Huang L L, Zhou J M, Kang Z S, Wang X J. 2022. Inactivation of a wheat protein kinase gene confers broad-spectrum resistance to rust fungi. Cell, 185, 2961–2974.e2919.
Wang P F, Li G Z, Li G W, Yuan S S, Wang C Y, Xie Y X, Guo T C, Kang G Z, Wang D W. 2021. TaPHT1;9-4B and its transcriptional regulator TaMYB4-7D contribute to phosphate uptake and plant growth in bread wheat. New Phytologist, 231, 1968–1983.
Wang W L, Chi M H, Liu S P, Zhang Y, Song J W, Xia G M, Liu S W. 2025. TaGPAT6 enhances salt tolerance in wheat by synthesizing cutin and suberin monomers to form a diffusion barrier. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 67, 208–225.
Wang Y F, Wang Z H, Chen Y M, Lan T Y, Wang X B, Liu G, Xin M M, Hu Z R, Yao Y Y, Ni Z F, Sun Q X, Guo W L, Peng H R. 2024. Genomic insights into the origin and evolution of spelt (Triticum spelta L.) as a valuable gene pool for modern wheat breeding. Plant Communications, 5, 100883.
Wang Y G, Du F, Wang J, Wang K, Tian C H, Qi X Q, Lu F, Liu X G, Ye X G, Jiao Y L. 2022. Improving bread wheat yield through modulating an unselected AP2/ERF gene. Nature Plants, 8, 930–939.
Wang Y J, Abrouk M, Gourdoupis S, Koo D H, Karafiátová M, Molnár I, Holušová K, Doležel J, Athiyannan N, Cavalet-Giorsa E, Jaremko Ł, Poland J, Krattinger S G. 2023. An unusual tandem kinase fusion protein confers leaf rust resistance in wheat. Nature Genetics, 55, 914–920.
Wang Y M, Hou J, Liu H, Li T, Wang K, Hao C Y, Liu H X, Zhang X Y. 2019. TaBT1, affecting starch synthesis and thousand kernel weight, underwent strong selection during wheat improvement. Journal of Experimental Botany, 70, 1497–1511.
Wang Y X, Yu T F, Wang C X, Wei J T, Zhang S X, Liu YW, Chen J, Zhou Y B, Chen M, Ma Y Z, Lan J H, Zheng J C, Li F, Xu Z S. 2023. Heat shock protein TaHSP17.4, a TaHOP interactor in wheat, improves plant stress tolerance. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 246, 125694.
Wang Y Z, Teng W, Lei M Y, Wang Y P, Ouyang X, Gao C X, Jing R L, Li J M, Tong Y P. 2026. An elite haplotype of the glutamine synthetase gene TaGS1.1-6A is associated with increased nitrogen use- and yield-related traits in wheat. Journal of Genetics and Genomics, 53, 894–905.
Wang Z H, Wang W X, He Y C, Xie X M, Yang Z Z, Zhang X Y, Niu J X, Peng H R, Yao Y Y, Xie C J, Xin M M, Hu Z R, Sun Q X, Ni Z F, Guo W L. 2024. On the evolution and genetic diversity of the bread wheat D genome. Molecular Plant, 17, 1672–1686.
Wang Z H, Wang W X, Xie X M, Wang Y F, Yang Z Z, Peng H R, Xin M M, Yao Y Y, Hu Z R, Liu J, Su Z Q, Xie C J, Li B Y, Ni Z F, Sun Q X, Guo W L. 2022. Dispersed emergence and protracted domestication of polyploid wheat uncovered by mosaic ancestral haploblock inference. Nature Communications, 13, 3891.
Wang Z J, Miao L F, Tan K W, Guo W L, Xin B B, Appels R, Jia J Z, Lai J S, Lu F, Ni Z F, Fu X D, Sun Q X, Chen J. 2025. Near-complete assembly and comprehensive annotation of the wheat Chinese Spring genome. Molecular Plant, 18, 892–907.
Wang Z K, Xie J Z, Zhang H J, Zhang J P, He F, Cui B F, Dolezel J, Cai X X, Ding Z J, Luo Q L, Molnár I, Xiao J, Wang H Y, Wang W, Wang X. 2025. Pm6 from Triticum timopheevii encodes an NLR receptor that directly recognizes AvrPm6 to confer powdery mildew resistance in wheat. Molecular Plant, 18, 2040–2044.
Wang Z W, Hao C Y, Zhao J, Li C, Jiao C Z, Xi W, Hou J, Li T, Liu H X, Zhang X Y. 2021. Genomic footprints of wheat evolution in China reflected by a Wheat660K SNP array. The Crop Journal, 9, 29–41.
Wei B, Liu Y K, Lyu M J, Chen R, Ma J, Yin C B, Huang J, Peng L X, Fu Z, Song Q L, Lu F, Zhang X Q, Jiao Y L. 2025. Natural variation in CHELATASE SUBUNIT I-A increases grain weight and enhances wheat yield. The Plant Cell, 37, koaf212.
Wei J T, Zheng L, Ma X J, Yu T F, Gao X, Hou Z H, Liu Y W, Cao X Y, Chen J, Zhou Y B, Chen M, Jiang Q Y, Ma Y Z, Zheng W J, Xu Z S. 2025. An ABF5b-HsfA2h/HsfC2a-NCED2b/POD4/HSP26 module integrates multiple signaling pathway to modulate heat stress tolerance in wheat. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 23, 4735–4751.
Wei L, Ren X M, Qin L M, Zhang R, Cui M H, Xia G M, Liu S W. 2025. TaWRKY55-TaPLATZ2 module negatively regulate saline–alkali stress tolerance in wheat. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 67, 19–34.
Wei S B, Li X, Lu Z F, Zhang H, Ye X Y, Zhou Y J, Li J, Yan Y Y, Pei H C, Duan F Y, Wang D Y, Chen S, Wang P, Zhang C, Shang L G, Zhou Y, Yan P, Zhao M, Huang J R, Bock R, Qian Q, Zhou W B. 2022. A transcriptional regulator that boosts grain yields and shortens the growth duration of rice. Science, 77, eabi8455.
Wu J H, Ma S W, Niu J Q, Sun W H, Dong H T, Zheng S S, Zhao J W, Liu S J, Yu R, Li Y, Han J Y, Wang Y M, Chen T T, Zhang C L, Zhang W J, Ding B Y, Chang L, Xue W B, Zheng W J, Li C L, et al. 2025. Genomics-driven discovery of superior alleles and genes for yellow rust resistance in wheat. Nature Genetics, 57, 2017–2027.
Xiang M J, Liu S J, Wang X T, Zhang M M, Yan W Y, Wu J H, Wang Q L, Li C L, Zheng W J, He Y L, Ge Y X, Wang C F, Kang Z S, Han D J, Zeng Q D. 2023. Development of breeder chip for gene detection and molecular-assisted selection by target sequencing in wheat. Molecular Breeding, 43, 13.
Xiao G L, Jiang Z N, Xing T, Chen Y, Zhang H J, Qian J J, Wang X T, Wang Y X, Xia G M, Wang M C. 2025. Small ubiquitin-like modifier protease gene TaDSU enhances salt tolerance of wheat. New Phytologyist, 245, 2540–2552.
Xiao G L, Wang M Q, Li X M, Jiang Z N, Zhang H J, Gao D R, Zhang B Q, Xia G M, Wang M C. 2024. TaCHP encoding C1-domain protein stably enhances wheat yield in saline-alkaline fields. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 66, 169–171.
Xie J Z, Guo G H, Wang Y, Hu T Z, Wang L L, Li J T, Qiu D, Li Y H, Wu Q H, Lu P, Chen Y X, Dong L L, Li M M, Zhang H Z, Zhang P P, Zhu K Y, Li B B, Deal K R, Huo N X, Zhang Y, et al. 2020. A rare single nucleotide variant in Pm5e confers powdery mildew resistance in common wheat. New Phytologist, 228, 1011–1026.
Xing L P, Hu P, Liu J Q, Witek K, Zhou S, Xu J F, Zhou W H, Gao L, Huang Z P, Zhang R Q, Wang X E, Chen P D, Wang H Y, Jones J D, Karafiatova M, Vrana J, Bartos J, Dolezel J, Tian Y C, Wu Y F, et al. 2018. Pm21 from Haynaldia villosa encodes a CC-NBS-LRR protein conferring powdery mildew resistance in wheat. Molecular Plant, 11, 874–878.
Xiong H C, Zhou C Y, Fu M Y, Guo H J, Xie Y D, Zhao L S, Gu J Y, Zhao S R, Ding Y P, Li Y T, Zhang J Z, Wang K, Li X J, Liu L X. 2022. Cloning and functional characterization of Rht8, a “Green Revolution” replacement gene in wheat. Molecular Plant, 15, 373–376.
Xu H Y, Sun H, Dong J J, Ma C X, Li J X, Li Z C, Wang Y H, Ji J Q, Hu X R, Wu M H, Zhao C H, Qin R, Wu J J, Ni F, Cui F, Wu Y Z. 2022. The brassinosteroid biosynthesis gene TaD11-2A controls grain size and its elite haplotype improves wheat grain yields. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 135, 2907–2923.
Xu S S, Lyu Z F, Zhang N, Li M Z, Wei X Y, Gao Y H, Cheng X X, Ge W Y, Li X F, Bao Y G, Yang Z J, Ma X, Wang H W, Kong L R. 2023. Genetic mapping of the wheat leaf rust resistance gene Lr19 and development of translocation lines to break its linkage with yellow pigment. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 136, 200.
Xu W Y, Chen Y M, Niu Y X, Liu B, Du D J, Ning X N, Huan T, Zhou Y L, Ke W S, Miao L F, Guo W L, Xin M M, Yao Y Y, Peng H R, You M S, Ni Z F, Sun Q X, Xing J W. 2025. An incoherent feed-forward loop coordinates nitrate uptake and tillering in wheat. Molecular Plant, 18, 1881–1900.
Yan L, Helguera M, Kato K, Fukuyama S, Sherman J, Dubcovsky J. 2004. Allelic variation at the VRN-1 promoter region in polyploid wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 109, 1677.
Yan X C, Li M M, Zhang P P, Yin G H, Zhang H Z, Gebrewahid T W, Zhang J P, Dong L L, Liu D Q, Liu Z Y, Li Z F. 2021. High-temperature wheat leaf rust resistance gene Lr13 exhibits pleiotropic effects on hybrid necrosis. Molecular Plant, 14, 1029–1032.
Yan X F, Zhao L, Ren Y, Dong Z D, Cui D Q, Chen F. 2019. Genome-wide association study revealed that the TaGW8 gene was associated with kernel size in Chinese bread wheat. Scientific Reports, 9, 2702.
Yang F, Li X, Liu S, Lyu J, Ge Z, Bai M Y. 2025. TabHLH489 suppresses nitrate signaling by inhibiting the function of TaNLP7-3A in wheat. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 67, 1162–1178.
Yang J B, Wang M Y, Li W J, He X, Teng W, Ma W Y, Zhao X Q, Hu M Y, Li H, Zhang Y J, Tong Y P. 2019. Reducing expression of a nitrate-responsive bZIP transcription factor increases grain yield and N use in wheat. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 17, 1823–1833.
Yang J J, Zhang G Q, An J, Li Q X, Chen Y H, Zhao X Y, Wu J J, Wang Y, Hao Q Q, Wang W Q, Wang W. 2020. Expansin gene TaEXPA2 positively regulates drought tolerance in transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Science, 298, 110596.
Yang J W, Li H N, Li M Y, Song R, Shen T, Wang G P, Xu D, Hao M, Jia A L, Rehman S U, Hua L, Liang Y Y, Chi C, Lan C X, Deng X W, Dubcovsky J, Song B X, Wang X D, Chen S S. 2025. Genome-assisted identification of wheat leaf rust resistance gene Lr.ace-4A/Lr30. Nature Communications, 16, 9339.
Yang W, Feng M, Yu K H, Cao J, Cui G X, Zhang Y M, Peng H R, Yao Y Y, Hu Z R, Ni Z F, Qin F, Takahashi F, Sun Q X, Xin M M. 2025a. The TaCLE24b peptide signaling cascade modulates lateral root development and drought tolerance in wheat. Nature Communication, 16, 1952.
Yang W, Li R H, Feng M, Qin Z, Zhang Y M, Peng H R, Yao Y Y, Hu Z R, Ni Z F, Song W, Qin F, Takahashi F, Sun Q X, Xin M M. 2025b. The TaCEP15 peptide signaling cascade modulates primary root length and drought tolerance in wheat. Science Advances, 11, eady1949.
Yang W J, Han H M, Ma H H, Yang P, Niu J Q, Liu X Y, Zhang J P, Zhou S H, Qi K, Guo B J, Lin Y D, Yang X M, Guo X M, Ling H Q, Li L H. 2025. AcRR1 of Agropyron cristatum boosts wheat yield by regulating grain number per spike and heading date. Nature Communications, 16, 6638.
Yang Y, Ma Y Z, Xu Z S, Chen X M, He Z H, Yu Z, Xia L Q. 2007. Isolation and characterization of Viviparous-1 genes in wheat cultivars with distinct ABA sensitivity and pre-harvest sprouting tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany, 58, 2863.
Yang Z H, Liu N N, Xie X M, Wei W X, Bai Y H, Sun J N, Pan W, Yang J T, Wang W D, Xie X D, Saqlain M, Kang H Y, Li B Y, Hu Z R, Gou J Y, Guo W L, Song S S, Ma J, Fahima T, Sun Q X, et al. 2025. Two complementary NLRs from wild emmer wheat confer powdery mildew resistance. Nature Communications, 16, 9041.
Yaniv E, Raats D, Ronin Y, Korol A B, Grama A, Bariana H, Fahima T. 2015. Evaluation of marker-assisted selection for the stripe rust resistance gene Yr15, introgressed from wild emmer wheat. Molecular Breeding, 35, 43.
Yao F J, Guan F N, Duan L Y, Long L, Tang H, Jiang Y F, Li H, Jiang Q T, Wang J R, Qi P F, et al. 2021. Genome-wide association analysis of stable stripe rust resistance loci in a Chinese wheat landrace panel using the 660K SNP array. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 783830.
Yao F Q, Li X H, Wang H, Song Y N, Li Z Q, Li X G, Gao X Q, Zhang X S, Bie X M. 2021. Down-expression of TaPIN1s increases the tiller number and grain yield in wheat. BMC Plant Biology, 21, 443.
Yu G T, Matny O, Champouret N, Steuernagel B, Moscou M J, Hernández-Pinzón I, Green P, Hayta S, Smedley M, Harwood W, Kangara N, Yue Y J, Gardener C, Banfield M J, Olivera P D, Welchin C, Simmons J, Millet E, Minz-Dub A, Ronen M, et al. 2022. Aegilops sharonensis genome-assisted identification of stem rust resistance gene Sr62. Nature Communications, 13, 1607.
Yu H J, Lan T Y, Mao W W, Wang Y F, Zhang X Y, Ma M S, Chen S, Chen G, Li Q, Hu Z R, Xin M M, Yao Y Y, Guo W L, Ni Z F, Sun Q X, Peng H R. 2026. Natural variation in TaFAD8-D promoter enhances thermotolerance in wheat through fatty acid and lipid remodelling. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 24, 1251–1268.
Yu Y, Liu J J, Lan S J, Chen Q H, Li J L, Song H Y, Pan C, Qi J, Cui Y, Li X F, Luo M C, Ni F, Epstein L, Fu D L, Wu J J. 2025. Wheat stripe rust resistance gene Yr9, derived from rye, is a CC-NBS-LRR gene in a highly conserved NLR cluster. Science China-Life Sciences, 68, 2807–2809.
Zhai H J, Jiang C C, Zhao Y, Yang S L, Li Y W, Yan K F, Wu S Y, Luo B K, Du Y, Jin H B, Liu X, Zhang Y B, Lu F, Reynolds M, Ou X Q, Qiao W C, Jiang Z K, Peng T, Gao D R, Hu W J, Wang J C, Gao H T, Yin G H, Zhang K P, Li G W, Wang D W. 2021. Wheat heat tolerance is impaired by heightened deletions in the distal end of 4AL chromosomal arm. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 19, 1038–1051.
Zhai S N, Liu H, Xia X C, Li H S, Cao X Y, He Z H, Ma W J, Liu C, Song J M, Liu A F, Zhang J J, Liu J J. 2023. Functional analysis of polyphenol oxidase 1 gene in common wheat. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1171839.
Zhang B W, Yang B S, Wan X N, Ma X, Lyu K D, Wang H, Yang S Y, Zhang H H, Hao S N, Ma J, Sun G Z. 2025. Evaluation of TaMFT-3A and TaMKK3-4A alleles on wheat pre-harvest sprouting. Frontiers in Plant Science, 16, 1594385.
Zhang C Z, Huang L, Zhang H F, Hao Q Q, Lyu B, Wang M N, Epstein L, Liu M, Kou C L, Qi J, Chen F J, Li M K, Gao G, Ni F, Zhang L Q, Hao M, Wang J R, Chen X M, Luo M C, Zheng Y L, et al. 2019. An ancestral NB-LRR with duplicated 3´UTRs confers stripe rust resistance in wheat and barley. Nature Communications, 10, 4023.
Zhang F, Wang X K, Yang Z D, Wang Y, Liu S J, Han J. 2026. Balancing crop productivity and environmental benefits: The comprehensive effects of phosphate application on wheat production in China based on a meta-analysis. Journal of Environmental Management, 402, 129169.
Zhang G Q, Yang J J, Zhao X Y, Li Q X, Wu Y Z, Li F Y, Wang Y, Hao Q Q, Wang W. 2021. Wheat TaPUB1 protein mediates ABA response and seed development through ubiquitination. Plant Science, 309, 110913.
Zhang H Z, Li M M, Wang G J, Zhu K Y, Guo G H, Fu H K, Hu C C, Chu Z Y, Hu J H, Wu Q H, Chen Y X, Qiu D, Xie J Z, Li D L, Li B B, Li W L, Dong L, Hou Y K, Cui X J, Huang B G, et al. 2025. Paired NLRs originated from Triticum dicoccoides coordinately confer resistance to powdery mildew in wheat. Nature Communications, 16, 9040.
Zhang L C, He G H, Li Y P, Yang Z Y, Liu T Q, Xie X Z, Kong X Y, Sun J Q. 2022. PIL transcription factors directly interact with SPLs and repress tillering/branching in plants. New Phytologist, 233, 1414–1425.
Zhang R Q, Liu G Y, Xu H W, Lou H Y, Zhai S S, Chen A Y, Hao S Y, Xing J W, Liu J, You M S, Zhang Y F, Xie C J, Ma J, Liang R Q, Sun Q X, Zhai H J, Ni Z F, Li B Y. 2022. Heat Stress Tolerance 2 confers basal heat stress tolerance in allohexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Experimental Botany, 73, 6600–6614.
Zhang R Q, Liu G Y, Zhai S S, Meng X H, Yu J Z, Zhang Y Q, Wen S D, Luo X H, Han W X, Lou H Y, Shao T J, Liang R Q, Ma J, Zhai H J, You M S, Xie C J, Zhang Y F, Liu J, Hu Z R, Guo W L, Sun Q X, Xing J W, Ni Z F, Li B Y. 2026. TaHST2 silencing shapes basal heat tolerance in allohexaploid wheat. Nature Plants, 12, 767–779.
Zhang X, Wang H Y, Sun H J, Li Y B, Feng Y L, Jiao C Z, Li M L, Song X Y, Wang T, Wang Z K, Yuan C X, Sun L, Lu R J, Zhang W L, Xiao J, Wang X. 2023. A chromosome-scale genome assembly of Dasypyrum villosum provides insights into its application as a broad-spectrum disease resistance resource for wheat improvement. Molecular Plant, 16, 432–451.
Zhang X M, Guo Z K, Xu J F, Huang C, Dang H Y, Mu W Y, Zhang L L, Hou S B, Huang N, Li C, Ding Y L, Sun R Q, Li X H, He G, Liu J S, Siddique K H M, Wang Z H. 2024. Nutrient requirements determined by grain yield and protein content to optimize N, P, and K fertilizer management in China. Science of the Total Environment, 946, 174187.
Zhang X Y, Jia H Y, Li T, Wu J Z, Nagarajan R, Lei L, Powers C, Kan C C, Hua W, Liu Z Y, Chen C, Carver B F, Yan L L. 2022. TaCol-B5 modifies spike architecture and enhances grain yield in wheat. Science, 376, 180–183.
Zhang Y, Li D, Zhang D B, Zhao X G, Cao X M, Dong L L, Liu J X, Chen K L, Zhang H W, Gao C X, Wang D W. 2018. Analysis of the functions of TaGW2 homoeologs in wheat grain weight and protein content traits. The Plant Journal, 94, 857–866.
Zhang Y B, Huang S, Li Y Q, Cao S W, Ren H, Xiang M J, Dong H T, Han J N, Zhao Y, Zhang X X, Yuan X Y, Wang Q L, Wang Y J, Ouyang Y, Yang Z J, Kang Z S, Liu S J, Wu J H, Zeng Q D, Han D J. 2025. Rapid isolation of Yr9 via MutIsoSeq and QTL analysis of durable stripe rust resistance in wheat cultivar Xingzi 9104. Stress Biology, 5, 29.
Zhang Y H, Liu H X, Wang Y J, Si X M, Pan Y X, Guo M J, Wu M J, Li Y H, Liu H X, Zhang X Y, Hou J, Li T, Hao C Y. 2025. TaFT-D1 positively regulates grain weight by acting as a coactivator of TaFDL2 in wheat. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 23, 2207–2223.
Zhang Y X, Malzahn A A, Sretenovic S, Qi Y P. 2019. The emerging and unculti-vated potential of CRISPR technology in plant science. Nature Plants, 5, 778e794.
Zhang Z, Xu W Y, Dong C Q, Geng J, Wang M M, Liu Y J, Xu H W, Ma T, Du Z Y, Wang H F, Zhang Y F, You M S, Sun Q X, Xing J W. 2026. Natural variation in the CONSTANS-like gene TaCOL1-7D modulates root growth and nitrogen uptake in wheat. Plant Communications, 7, 101735.
Zhao B, Wu T T, Ma S S, Jiang D J, Bie X M, Sui N, Zhang X S, Wang F. 2020. TaD27-B gene controls the tiller number in hexaploid wheat. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 18, 513–525.
Zhao G Y, Zou C, Li K, Wang K, Li T B, Gao L F, Zhang X X, Wang H J, Yang Z J, Liu X, Jiang W K, Mao L, Kong X Y, Jiao Y N, Jia J Z. 2017. The Aegilops tauschii genome reveals multiple impacts of transposons. Nature Plants, 3, 946–955.
Zhao L, Zheng Y T, Wang Y, Wang S S, Wang T Z, Wang C G, Chen Y, Zhang K P, Zhang N, Dong Z D, Chen F. 2023. A HST1-like gene controls tiller angle through regulating endogenous auxin in common wheat. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 21, 122–135.
Zhao Y, Dong Z J, Miao J N, Liu Q W, Ma C, Tian X B, He J Q, Bi H H, Yao W, Li T, Gill H S, Zhang Z B, Cao A Z, Liu B, Li H H, Sehgal S K, Liu W X. 2024. Pm57 from Aegilops searsii encodes a tandem kinase protein and confers wheat powdery mildew resistance. Nature Communications, 15, 4796.
Zhao Y D, Huang Z W, Zhou X M, Teng W, Liu Z H, Wang W P, Tang S J, Liu Y, Liu J, Wang W X, Chai L L, Zhang N, Guo W L, Liu J, Ni Z F, Sun Q X, Wang Y P, Zong Y. 2025a. Precise deletion, replacement and inversion of large DNA fragments in plants using dual prime editing. Nature Plants, 11, 191–205.
Zhao Y D, Liang Y B, Ni Z F, Sun Q X, Zong Y, Wang Y P. 2025b. Advances and prospects of large DNA fragment editing in plants. Nature Plants, 11, 2461–2475.
Zheng X W, Liu C, Qiao L, Zhao J J, Han R, Wang X L, Ge C, Zhang W Y, Zhang S W, Qiao L Y, Zheng J, Hao C Y. 2020. The MYB transcription factor TaPHR3-A1 is involved in phosphate signaling and governs yield-related traits in bread wheat. Journal of Experimental Botany, 71, 5808–5822.
Zhou S H, Zhang J P, Che Y H, Liu W H, Lu Y Q, Yang X M, Li X Q, Jia J Z, Liu X, Li L H. 2018. Construction of Agropyron Gaertn. genetic linkage maps using a wheat 660K SNP array reveals a homoeologous relationship with the wheat genome. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 16, 818–827.
Zhou X M, Zhao Y D, Ni P, Ni Z F, Sun Q X, Zong Y. 2023. CRISPR-mediated acceleration of wheat improvement: Advances and perspectives. Journal of Genetics Genomics, 50, 815–834.
Zhou Y, Bai S L, Li H, Sun G L, Zhang D, Ma F F, Zhao X P, Nie F, Li J Y, Chen L Y, Lv L L, Zhu L L, Fan R X, Ge Y F, Shaheen A, Guo G H, Zhang Z, Ma J C, Liang H H, Qiu X L, et al. 2021. Introgressing the Aegilops tauschii genome into wheat as a basis for cereal improvement. Nature Plants, 7, 774–786.
Zhou Y, Zhao X B, Li Y W, Xu J, Bi A Y, Kang L P, Xu D X, Chen H F, Wang Y, Wang Y G, Liu S Y, Jiao C Z, Lu H F, Wang J, Yin C B, Jiao Y L, Lu F. 2020. Triticum population sequencing provides insights into wheat adaptation. Nature Genetics, 52, 1412–1422.
Zhou Y B, Liu J, Guo J K, Wang Y X, Ji H T, Chu X S, Xiao K, Qi X L, Hu L, Li H, Hu M Y, Tang W S, Yan J J, Yan H S, Bai X X, Ge L H, Lyu M J, Chen J, Xu Z S, Chen M, Ma Y Z. 2022. GmTDN1 improves wheat yields by inducing dual tolerance to both drought and low-N stress. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 20, 1606–1621.
Zhou Y X, Wang D Z, Wang H, Qiao Y Z, Zhao P, Cao Y, Liu X M, Yang Y M, Lin X L, Xu S B, Dong B D, Xiao J. 2025. Integrative omics of the genetic basis for wheat WUE and drought resilience reveal the function of TaMYB7-A1. Nature Communication, 16, 8622.
Zhu H C, Qin X, Wei L Y, Jiang D D, Zhang Q, Wang W Q, Liang R H, Zhang R, Zhang K, Liu G W, Zhao K T, Chen K L, Qiu J L, Gao C X. 2025. Engineered geminivirus replicons enable rapid in planta directed evolution. Science, 390, eady2167.
Zhu K Y, Li M M, Dong L L, Zhang H Z, Zhang D Y, Lu P, Wu Q H, Xie J Z, Chen Y X, Guo G H, Zhang P P, Li B B, Li W L, Dong L, Hou Y K, Yang Y J, Qiu D, Wang G J, Huang B G, Cui X J, et al. 2025. An atypical NLR pair TdCNL1/TdCNL5 from wild emmer confers powdery mildew resistance in wheat. Nature Genetics, 57, 1553–1562.
Zhu X L, Rong W, Wang K, Guo W, Zhou M P, Wu J Z, Ye X G, Wei X N, Zhang Z Y. 2022. Overexpression of TaSTT3b-2B improves resistance to sharp eyespot and increases grain weight in wheat. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 20, 777–793.
Zhu Z W, Cao Q, Han D J, Wu J H, Wu L, Tong J Y, Xu X W, Yan J, Zhang Y, Xu K J. 2023. Molecular characterization and validation of adult-plant stripe rust resistance gene Yr86 in Chinese wheat cultivar Zhongmai 895. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 136, 142.
Zou S H, Wang H, Li Y W, Kong Z S, Tang D Z. 2018. The NB-LRR gene Pm60 confers powdery mildew resistance in wheat. New Phytologist, 218, 298–309.
|