The coupled effects of various irrigation schedules and split nitrogen fertilization modes on post-anthesis grain weight variation, yield, and grain quality of drip-irrigated winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the North China Plain

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.12.037

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

2025, Vol. 24

Issue (6): 2123-2137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.12.037

Crop Science

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The coupled effects of various irrigation schedules and split nitrogen fertilization modes on post-anthesis grain weight variation, yield, and grain quality of drip-irrigated winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the North China Plain

Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani^{1, 2*}, Sunusi Amin Abubakar^3*, Yuanyuan Fu⁴, Djifa Fidele Kpalari², Guangshuai Wang², Aiwang Duan², Yang Gao^2#, Xiaotang Ju^1#

¹School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China

²Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China

³Department of Agricultural and Bioresource Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi 740272, Nigeria

⁴College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China

Highlights
● Water-nitrogen management for wheat grain development was assessed.
● A 50–50 basal-topdressing drip fertigation enhanced yield and grain quality.
● A 50–50 basal-topdressing drip fertigation promoted water and nitrogen use efficiency.

Abstract
References

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摘要

灌溉方式和施氮方式对小麦的生理、生长发育有着复杂的影响，进而影响小麦的产量和品质。然而，滴灌冬小麦的最优水氮组合仍不清楚。为评价不同氮施肥和水分制度对小麦开花后粒重变化、产量、籽粒NPK含量和籽粒品质的影响，开展了为期两年的田间试验。试验设置2个因素，分别是2个灌溉定额：I₄₅（当ETa-P达到45mm时灌溉）和I₃₀（当ETa-P达到30mm时灌溉）；六个施氮量：N_0-100（拔节孕穗期施肥100%）、N_25-75（播种时施肥25%，拔节孕穗期施75%）、N_50-50（播种时施肥50%，拔节孕穗期施肥50%）、N_75-25（播种时施肥75%，拔节孕穗期施肥25%）、N_100-0（播种时施肥100%）和SRF₁₀₀（播种后100%缓释肥料）。试验结果表明，不同灌溉方式和施肥式对花后粒重变化、产量、籽粒NPK含量和籽粒品质有显著影响。两个小麦季中，不论灌溉方式如何， N_50-50处理对冬小麦花后粒重变化的影响大于N_100-0和N_0-100处理。在2020-2021年和2021-2022年，I₄₅N_50-50处理产量最高，分别是9.72和9.94 t ha⁻¹。两季中，I₄₅SRF₁₀₀处理的籽粒粗蛋白含量均较高。在2021-2021年，与I₄₅N_0-100和I₃₀N_0-100处理相比，I₄₅N_100-0显著提高了7.30%和8.23% (P<0.05) 的粮食总淀粉含量。在2021-2022季节，与I₄₅N_0-100、I₃₀N_0-100和I₃₀N₂₅_-75处理相比，I₄₅N_100-0显著提高了7.77%、7.62%和7.88% (P<0.05)。并且通过主成分分析发现（PCL），N_50-50分氮灌溉模式可能是农民在冬小麦生产期间的最优选择。

Abstract

Irrigation methods and nitrogen (N) fertilization modes have complicated impacts on wheat physiology, growth, and development, leading to the regulation of wheat grain yield and quality. However, the optimal water-N combination for drip-irrigated winter wheat remains unclear. A two-year field study was conducted to evaluate the influences of various N-fertigation and water regimes on wheat post-anthesis grain weight variation, yield, grain NPK content, and grain quality. The two irrigation quotas were I₄₅ (irrigation when crop evapotranspiration reduced by effective rainfall (ETa-P) reaches 45 mm) and I₃₀ (irrigation when ETa-P reaches 30 mm), while the six N application rates were N_0–100 (100% at jointing/booting), N_25–75 (25% at sowing and 75% at jointing/booting), N_50–50 (50% at sowing and 50% at jointing/booting), N_75–25 (75% at sowing and 25% at jointing/booting), N_100–0 (100% at sowing), and SRF₁₀₀ (100% of slow-release fertilizer at sowing). The experimental findings showed that post-anthesis grain weight variation, grain yield, grain NPK content, and grain quality were all markedly influenced by the various irrigation schedules and N-fertilization modes. The N_50–50 treatment was more beneficial for winter wheat post-anthesis grain weight variation than the N_100–0 and N_0–100 treatments under the two irrigation quotas and during the two seasons. The highest grain yields of 9.72 and 9.94 (t ha⁻¹) were obtained with the I₄₅N_50–50 treatment in 2020–2021 and 2021–2022, respectively. The grain crude protein was higher in the I₄₅SRF₁₀₀ treatment during the two seasons. The I₄₅N_100–0 combination significantly (P<0.05) enhanced the content of grain total starch by 7.30 and 8.23% compared with the I₄₅N_0–100 and I₃₀N_0–100 treatments, respectively, during the 2021–2021 season. The I₄₅N_100–0 treatment significantly (P<0.05) enhanced the content of grain total starch concentration by 7.77, 7.62 and 7.88% compared with the I₄₅N_0–100, I₃₀N_0–100, and I₃₀N_25–75 treatments, respectively, in the 2021–2022 season. The principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the N_50–50 split N-fertigation mode could be the optimal choice for farmers during winter wheat production via drip irrigation.

Keywords: winter wheat drip fertigation split N application post-anthesis grain weight variation grain quality

Received: 24 August 2023 Accepted: 17 November 2023 Online: 03 January 2024

Fund:

This work was supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-03-19), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51879267), and the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

About author: #Correspondence Yang Gao, E-mail: gaoyang@caas.cn; Xiaotang Ju, E-mail: juxt@cau.edu.cn * These authors contributed equally to this study.

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Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani, Sunusi Amin Abubakar, Yuanyuan Fu, Djifa Fidele Kpalari, Guangshuai Wang, Aiwang Duan, Yang Gao, Xiaotang Ju. 2025. The coupled effects of various irrigation schedules and split nitrogen fertilization modes on post-anthesis grain weight variation, yield, and grain quality of drip-irrigated winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the North China Plain. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 24(6): 2123-2137.

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