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Journal of Integrative Agriculture
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Highly efficient Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation for gene function analysis in cotton without tissue culture

Mengyuan Yan1*, Ziwei Ye1*, Ming Tan1*, Yan Zhou2, Meijie Chai1, Huan Yu1, Wen Li1, Libei Li1, Zhen Feng1#, Shuxun Yu1#

1 College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China

2 National Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China

 Highlights 

Ÿ This study proposes a novel, rapid, universal, efficient and nonsterile Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated cotton hairy root transformation system (ARM).

Ÿ The obtained transgenic hairy roots are suitable for subcellular localization observation.

Ÿ Hairy roots can be used for in-depth exploration of gene functions under abiotic stress conditions.

 

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摘要  

高效遗传转化技术对于探索植物基因功能和推进分子育种至关重要。然而,目前广泛应用的根癌农杆菌介导的遗传转化技术耗时较长且具有基因型依赖性,限制了棉花基因的高通量功能研究。发根农杆菌介导的转化系统(ARM)提供了一种快速有效的替代方案,但既往的棉花ARM技术转化效率低且操作复杂。本研究优化了传统ARM方法使其适用于非无菌环境。我们采用的两步ARM技术显著提高了陆地棉的转化效率,整个流程仅需一个月,且适用于多个陆地棉品种,最高转化效率可达100%。结果表明,ARM方法仅产生转基因毛根而非整株转基因植株。获得的转基因毛根可用于内源基因沉默和基因过表达,支持亚细胞定位分析及基因功能的深入探索。综上所述,本研究首次构建了一种快速、通用、高效且无需无菌操作的棉花ARM系统,为棉花基因功能研究及遗传改良育种的推进提供了可靠基础。



Abstract  

Efficient genetic transformation technologies are crucial for exploring plant gene functions and promoting molecular breeding. However, the widely used genetic transformation technology mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens is time-consuming and genotype-dependent, which limits the high-throughput functional characterization of cotton genes. The transformation system mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes (ARM) presents a rapid and effective alternative, but previous ARM techniques in cotton suffered from low efficiency and complicated operation. Here, we optimized the traditional ARM method suitable for nonsterile environments. The two-step ARM technology we used effectively enhanced the transformation efficiency within the upland cotton. The entire process only takes one month, and this system is applicable to various upland cotton varieties, with a maximum transformation efficiency of up to 100%. Results have shown that the ARM method only produces transgenic roots rather than whole transgenic plants. The obtained transgenic hairy roots can be employed to endogenous gene silencing and gene overexpression, enabling subcellular localization analysis and in-depth exploration of gene functions. In summary, we have first described a rapid, universal, efficient, and nonsterile ARM system in cotton, offering a reliable foundation for the cotton gene functional study and the advancement of genetic improvement breeding.

Keywords:  cotton       Agrobacterium rhizogenes       transgenic hairy root       subcellular localization       gene function explore  
Online: 06 March 2026  
Fund: 

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32301747).

About author:  #Correspondence Zhen Feng, E-mail: fengzhen@zafu.edu.cn; Shuxun Yu, E-mail: yushuxun@zafu.edu.cn *These authors contributed equally to this work.

Cite this article: 

Mengyuan Yan, Ziwei Ye, Ming Tan, Yan Zhou, Meijie Chai, Huan Yu, Wen Li, Libei Li, Zhen Feng, Shuxun Yu. 2026. Highly efficient Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation for gene function analysis in cotton without tissue culture. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Doi:10.1016/j.jia.2026.03.003

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