Boll-leaf system photosynthesis reveals systemic chilling responses in cotton

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2025.12.039

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Pei Yang¹, Cao Cheng¹, Peng Yan¹, Fubin Liang¹, Jingshan Tian¹, Yali Zhang¹, Chuangdao Jiang², Wangfeng Zhang^1#

¹Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China

²Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China

Highlights

1. A multidimensional evaluation system was established to assess chilling tolerance in cotton, based on key physiological and biochemical traits.

2. Functional divergence between main stem and sympodial leaves revealed distinct stress response strategies under chilling conditions.

3. The net photosynthetic rate of the boll–leaf system [P_n(BLS)] was proposed as a novel and efficient indicator for rapid screening of chilling-tolerant cultivars.

Abstract
References

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摘要

低温胁迫是限制棉花（Gossypium hirsutum L.）产量和品质形成的主要非生物因子，尤以花铃期影响最大。建立科学、精准的耐低温性评价体系对选育和筛选抗低温品种具有重要意义。本研究以14个陆地棉品种为试材，在花铃期设置为期三天的低温胁迫处理（15°C/10°C，昼/夜），测定主茎叶和果枝叶的光合色素、气体交换、叶绿素荧光参数、抗氧化酶活性及膜脂过氧化等生理生化指标。通过主成分分析（PCA）和隶属函数法构建综合评价指数（D值），并以整株生物量抗性系数（RCBM）进行验证。同时，结合系统聚类分析对品种耐低温等级进行划分，并采用偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）筛选关键耐低温生理指标。结果显示，低温显著抑制棉花光合作用并诱导氧化损伤，果枝叶对胁迫更为敏感。PCA揭示主茎叶在低温胁迫下主要依赖“光合–抗氧化协同防御”机制，而果枝叶则呈现出以“损伤信号驱动”为主的响应模式。基于主茎叶生理指标构建的D值与RCBM高度相关（R² = 0.92, P < 0.001），为植株低温耐受性评价的最优方案。PLSR分析确定了净光合速率（Pn）和过氧化物酶（POD）为两类叶片共有的核心指标。此外，铃叶系统光合速率[Pn（BLS）]的抗性系数亦与RCBM显著相关（R² = 0.84, P < 0.001），显示出其作为简便高效指标在棉花品种抗性快速筛选中的应用潜力。本研究构建了科学可靠的棉花耐低温性综合评价体系，明确了主茎叶在整株低温耐受性预测中的关键作用，并提出将 Pn（BLS）作为反映低温胁迫下棉花系统性光合响应的机制性指标。

Abstract

Chilling stress is a major abiotic factor that limits the yield and quality of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), particularly during the flowering and boll-setting stages. Developing a scientific and precise evaluation system for chilling tolerance is important for the screening and breeding of tolerant cultivars. In this study, 14 early maturing upland cotton cultivars were subjected to a three-day chilling stress treatment (15°C/10°C, day/night) during the flowering and boll-setting stages. Physiological and biochemical parameters, including photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, antioxidant enzyme activities, and membrane lipid peroxidation, were measured in both the main and sympodial leaves. A comprehensive evaluation index (D-value) was constructed based on principal component analysis (PCA) and membership function and validated by the resistance coefficient of whole-plant biomass (RCBM). Systematic cluster analysis was used to classify chilling tolerance levels, and partial least squares regression (PLSR) was applied to identify key physiological indicators. The results showed that chilling stress significantly suppressed photosynthesis and induced oxidative damage, with sympodial leaves being more sensitive than main stem leaves. PCA revealed that main-stem leaves primarily relied on a “photosynthesis–antioxidant coordinated defense” mechanism, while sympodial leaves exhibited a “damage signal-driven” response pattern. The D-value based on main-stem leaf traits was highly correlated with the whole-plant biomass resistance coefficient (R²=0.92, P<0.001), indicating that it is the most effective indicator for assessing plant chilling tolerance. PLSR analysis identified the net photosynthetic rate (P_n) and peroxidase (POD) activity as the core indicators shared by both leaf types. Furthermore, the resistance coefficient of boll–leaf system photosynthesis [P_n(BLS)] was also significantly correlated with RCBM (R²=0.84, P<0.001), suggesting its great potential as a simple and efficient indicator for rapid screening. This study developed a reliable and systematic evaluation strategy for chilling tolerance in cotton, highlighted the predictive value of main stem leaf traits, and proposed P_n(BLS) as a mechanistic indicator reflecting systemic photosynthetic responses under chilling stress.

Keywords: cotton chilling stress tolerance evaluation main-stem leaf sympodial leaf boll–leaf system photosynthesis

Online: 22 December 2025

Fund:

This study was financially supported by the Research Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1803234).

About author: #Correspondence Wangfeng Zhang, E-mail: zhwf_agr@shzu.edu.cn

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Pei Yang, Cao Cheng, Peng Yan, Fubin Liang, Jingshan Tian, Yali Zhang, Chuangdao Jiang, Wangfeng Zhang. 2025. Boll-leaf system photosynthesis reveals systemic chilling responses in cotton. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Doi:10.1016/j.jia.2025.12.039

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