Characteristics of inorganic phosphorus fractions and their correlations with soil properties in three non-acidic soils

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.012

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

2022, Vol. 21

Issue (12): 3626-3636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.012

Agro-ecosystem & Environment

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Characteristics of inorganic phosphorus fractions and their correlations with soil properties in three non-acidic soils

ZHANG Nai-yu¹, WANG Qiong^{1, 2}, ZHAN Xiao-ying³, WU Qi-hua⁴, HUANG Shao-min⁵, ZHU Ping⁶, YANG Xue-yun⁷, ZHANG Shu-xiang¹

¹ Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Beijing 100081, P.R.China

² TERRA, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux 5030, Belgium

³Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R.China

⁴ Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences/Guangdong Modern Agricultural Technology Research and Development Center, Guangzhou 510316, P.R.China

⁵ Institute of Plant Nutrient, Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, P.R.China

⁶ Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, P.R.China

⁷ College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R.China

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摘要

了解磷组分特征和影响因素对提高土壤磷利用效率具有重要的意义。基于黑土、潮土和塿土的长期定位试验，选择了五种施肥方式并将其分为三组：无磷肥处理（CK/NK）、平衡施用无机肥处理（NPK/NPKS）和有机无机配施处理（NPKM）。对土壤无机磷组分和土壤性质进行了分析，研究了无机磷组分特征及无机磷组分与土壤性质的关系。结果表明，三种土壤中Ca₁₀-P占总无机磷的比例最高，黑土、潮土和塿土分别为33.5%、48.8%、44.8%。长期施肥导致了土壤无机磷累积或耗竭的周期性变化。NPK/NPKS和NPKM处理下，黑土和潮土在施肥后期（10-20年）的磷累积量高于施肥早期（0-10年），而塿土正好相反。黑土中无机磷的累积发生在全部磷组分中，而潮土主要为Ca₈-P、Fe-P和Ca₁₀-P，塿土主要为Ca₂-P、Ca₈-P和O-P。CK/NK处理下，三种土壤的无机磷耗竭主要发生在施肥早期；除活性无机磷（Ca₂-P）和中活性无机磷（Ca₈-P、Fe-P、Al-P）外，黑土和潮土中的Ca₁₀-P，塿土中的O-P也可被作物利用。冗余分析表明，土壤性质解释了每种土壤90%以上无机磷组分的变化，其中，土壤有机质的解释百分比在黑土、潮土和塿土中分别为43.6%、74.6%、38.2%。总之，在非酸性土壤中施用磷肥时，应考虑磷的累积速率和土壤性质驱动的无机磷组分的变化。

Abstract

Understanding the characteristics and influences of various factors on phosphorus (P) fractions is of significance for promoting the efficiency of soil P. Based on long-term experiments on black soil, fluvo-aquic soil, and loess soil, which belong to Phaeozems, Cambisols, and Anthrosols in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB), respectively, five fertilization practices were selected and divided into three groups: no P fertilizer (CK/NK), balanced fertilizer (NPK/NPKS), and manure plus mineral fertilizer (NPKM). Soil inorganic P (Pi) fractions and soil properties were analyzed to investigate the characteristics of the Pi fractions and the relationships between Pi fractions and various soil properties. The results showed that the proportion of Ca₁₀-P in the sum of total Pi fractions was the highest in the three soils, accounting for 33.5% in black soil, 48.8% in fluvo-aquic soil, and 44.8% in loess soil. Long-term fertilization practices resulted in periodic changes in soil Pi accumulation or depletion. For black soil and fluvo-aquic soil, the Pi accumulation was higher in the late period (10–20 years) of fertilization than in the early period (0–10 years) under NPK/NPKS and NPKM, whereas the opposite result was found in loess soil. The Pi accumulation occurred in all Pi fractions in black soil; mainly in Ca₈-P, Fe-P, and Ca₁₀-P in fluvo-aquic soil; and in Ca₂-P, Ca₈-P, and O-P in loess soil. Under CK/NK, the soil Pi was depleted mainly in the early period in each of the three soils. In addition to the labile Pi (Ca₂-P) and moderately labile Pi (Ca₈-P, Fe-P, Al-P), the Ca₁₀-P in black soil and fluvo-aquic soil and O-P in loess soil could also be used by crops. Redundancy analysis showed that soil properties explained more than 90% of the variation in the Pi fractions in each soil, and the explanatory percentages of soil organic matter (SOM) were 43.6% in black soil, 74.6% in fluvo-aquic, and 38.2% in loess soil. Consequently, decisions regarding the application of P fertilizer should consider the accumulation rate and the variations in Pi fractions driven by soil properties in non-acidic soils.

Keywords: non-acidic soils long-term fertilization phosphorus fractions soil properties organic matter

Received: 07 December 2021 Accepted: 09 May 2022

Fund: This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD1500205) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41977103).

About author: ZHANG Nai-yu, E-mail: zhangny978@163.com; Correspondence ZHANG Shu-xiang, Tel: +86-10-82106202, E-mail: zhangshuxiang@caas.cn

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ZHANG Nai-yu, WANG Qiong, ZHAN Xiao-ying, WU Qi-hua, HUANG Shao-min, ZHU Ping, YANG Xue-yun, ZHANG Shu-xiang. 2022. Characteristics of inorganic phosphorus fractions and their correlations with soil properties in three non-acidic soils. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 21(12): 3626-3636.

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