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| Nutritional strategies for reducing nitrogen, phosphorus and trace mineral excretions of livestock and poultry |
| LU Lin*, LIAO Xiu-dong*, LUO Xu-gang |
| Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R.China |
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Abstract Animal agriculture contributes to environmental pollutions through the surplus nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and trace minerals that animals excrete. Animal nutritionists have sought alternatives to formulate more efficient diets and reduce production costs and environmental concerns. In general, element excretions may be reduced by avoiding the overfeeding of specific elements or using nutritional approaches to improve element utilizations by the animals. Several nutritional strategies are possible for minimizing N, P, and trace mineral excretions: 1) to accurately meet dietary N, P and trace mineral requirements of animals, which includes reducing the dietary crude protein contents with synthetic amino acids or feeding high rumenally undegraded protein, minimizing the adequate levels of dietary P and trace elements, adopting phase or group-feeding program, and considering the bioavailable trace mineral contents in the feed ingredients; 2) to improve the bioavailabilities of dietary N, P, and trace elements for animals by using some additives (enzymes, growth promoters, probiotics, prebiotics, vitamin D isomers, and organic acids); 3) to use highly available P sources or organic trace elements. In the future, nutrient strategies must be integrated into total production systems so that animal production systems are environmentally safe as well as economically viable.
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Received: 20 April 2017
Accepted:
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| Fund: The present article was supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31630073), the Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31472116 and 31672440), the Program of Student Community of Professor Yang Sheng (B2016013), the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP-IAS08) and the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-41). |
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Corresponding Authors:
Correspondence LUO Xu-gang, Tel: +86-10-62816012, E-mail: wlysz@263.net
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| About author: LU Lin,E-mail:lulin1225@163.com;* These authors contributed equally to this study. |
Cite this article:
LU Lin, LIAO Xiu-dong, LUO Xu-gang.
2017.
Nutritional strategies for reducing nitrogen, phosphorus and trace mineral excretions of livestock and poultry. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 16(12): 2815-2833.
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