Please wait a minute...
Journal of Integrative Agriculture  2015, Vol. 14 Issue (12): 2446-2455    DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61183-2
Special Focus: Best Soil Management from Long-Term Field Experiments for Sustainable Agriculture Advanced Online Publication | Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search |
Soil phosphorus dynamic, balance and critical P values in longterm fertilization experiment in Taihu Lake region, China
 SHI Lin-lin, SHEN Ming-xing, LU Chang-yin, WANG Hai-hou, ZHOU Xin-wei, JIN Mei-juan, WU Tong-dong
1、Institute of Agricultural Science in Taihu Lake Region, Suzhou 215155, P.R.China
2、Key Scientific Observation & Experiment Station for Paddy Field Eco-environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Suzhou 215155,P.R.China
Download:  PDF in ScienceDirect  
Export:  BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)      
摘要  Phosphorus (P) is an important macronutrient for plant but can also cause potential environmental risk. In this paper, we studied the long-term fertilizer experiment (started 1980) to assess the soil P dynamic, balance, critical P value and the crop yield response in Taihu Lake region, China. To avoid the effect of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K), only the following treatments were chosen for subsequent discussion, including: C0 (control treatment without any fertilizer or organic manure), CNK treatment (mineral N and K only), CNPK (balanced fertilization with mineral N, P and K), MNK (integrated organic manure and mineral N and K), and MNPK (organic manure plus balanced fertilization). The results revealed that the response of wheat yield was more sensitive than rice, and no significant differences of crop yield had been detected among MNK, CNPK and MNPK until 2013. Dynamic and balance of soil total P (TP) and Olsen-P showed soil TP pool was enlarged significantly over consistent fertilization. However, the diminishing marginal utility of soil Olsen-P was also found, indicating that high-level P application in the present condition could not increase soil Olsen-P contents anymore. Linear-linear and Mitscherlich models were used to estimate the critical value of Olsen-P for crops. The average critical P value for rice and wheat was 3.40 and 4.08 mg kg–1, respectively. The smaller critical P value than in uplands indicated a stronger ability of P supply for crops in this paddy soil. We concluded that no more mineral P should be applied in rice-wheat system in Taihu Lake region if soil Olsen-P is higher than the critical P value. The agricultural technique and management referring to activate the plant-available P pool are also considerable, such as integrated use of low-P organic manure with mineral N and K.

Abstract  Phosphorus (P) is an important macronutrient for plant but can also cause potential environmental risk. In this paper, we studied the long-term fertilizer experiment (started 1980) to assess the soil P dynamic, balance, critical P value and the crop yield response in Taihu Lake region, China. To avoid the effect of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K), only the following treatments were chosen for subsequent discussion, including: C0 (control treatment without any fertilizer or organic manure), CNK treatment (mineral N and K only), CNPK (balanced fertilization with mineral N, P and K), MNK (integrated organic manure and mineral N and K), and MNPK (organic manure plus balanced fertilization). The results revealed that the response of wheat yield was more sensitive than rice, and no significant differences of crop yield had been detected among MNK, CNPK and MNPK until 2013. Dynamic and balance of soil total P (TP) and Olsen-P showed soil TP pool was enlarged significantly over consistent fertilization. However, the diminishing marginal utility of soil Olsen-P was also found, indicating that high-level P application in the present condition could not increase soil Olsen-P contents anymore. Linear-linear and Mitscherlich models were used to estimate the critical value of Olsen-P for crops. The average critical P value for rice and wheat was 3.40 and 4.08 mg kg–1, respectively. The smaller critical P value than in uplands indicated a stronger ability of P supply for crops in this paddy soil. We concluded that no more mineral P should be applied in rice-wheat system in Taihu Lake region if soil Olsen-P is higher than the critical P value. The agricultural technique and management referring to activate the plant-available P pool are also considerable, such as integrated use of low-P organic manure with mineral N and K.
Keywords:  long-term fertilization       soil P dynamic       soil P balance       crop yield       critical P value  
Received: 04 May 2015   Accepted:
Fund: 

This work is supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China (201203030), the Science and Technology Support Program of Jiangsu, China (BE2013334), and the Agricultural Science & Technology Innovation Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (CX(14)5085). Authors are grateful to Prof. Xu Minggang, Zhang Shuxiang and Dr. Shen Pu, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Siences, for their helps and suggestions. Thank Ms. Feng Zhoucen, Wageningen University, for polishing the article.

Corresponding Authors:  SHEN Ming-xing, Tel: +86-512-65380551,Fax: +86-512-65385097, E-mail: smxwwj@163.com     E-mail:  smxwwj@163.com
About author:  * These authors contributed equally to this study.

Cite this article: 

SHI Lin-lin, SHEN Ming-xing, LU Chang-yin, WANG Hai-hou, ZHOU Xin-wei, JIN Mei-juan, WU Tong-dong. 2015. Soil phosphorus dynamic, balance and critical P values in longterm fertilization experiment in Taihu Lake region, China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 14(12): 2446-2455.

Bai Z H, Li H G, Yang X Y, Zhou B K, Shi X J, Wang B R, LiD C, Shen J B, Chen Q, Qin W, Oenema O, Zhang F S.2013. The critical soil P levels for crop yield, soil fertilityand environmental safety in different soil types. Plant andSoil, 372, 27-37

Bi Y Y, Gao C Y, Wang Y J, Li B Y. 2009. Estimation of strawresources in China. Transactions in the Chinese Society ofAgricultural Engineering, 25, 211-217 (in Chinese)

Bo L J, Wang J G, Wang Y, Li W, Yang L Z. 2011. Effect offlooding time on phosphorus transformation and availabilityin paddy soil. Soils, 43, 930-934

Colomb B, Debaeke P, Jouany C, Nolot J M. 2007. Phosphorusmanagement in low input stockless cropping systems:Crop and soil responses to contrasting P regimes in a 36-year experiment in southern France. European Journal ofAgronomy, 26, 154-165

Colwell J D. 1963. The estimation of the phosphorus fertilizerrequirements of wheat in southern New South Wales by soilanalysis. Animal Production Science, 3, 190-197

Correll D L. 1998. The role of phosphorus in the eutrophicationof receiving waters: A review. Journal of EnvironmentalQuality, 27, 261-266

Dobermann A, Cassman K, Cruz P S, Adviento M, PampolinoM. 1996. Fertilizer inputs, nutrient balance and soil nutrientsupplying power in intensive, irrigated rice system. III.Phosphorus. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 46,111-125

Gao J, Zhang S X, Xu M G, Huang S M, Yang X Y. 2009.Phosphorus use efficiency of wheat on three typicakfarmland soils under long-term fertilization. Chinese Journalof Applied Ecology, 20, 2142-2148 (in Chinese)

Gavlak R, Horneck D, Miller R O, Kotuby-Armacher J. 2003.Estimation of available soil phosphorus. Sodium bicarbonatemethod. In: Soil Plant and Water Reference Methods for theWestern Region. 2nd ed. WCC-103 Publication, ColoradoState University, Fort Collins, United States. pp. 67-68

Guo J H, Liu X J, Zhang Y, Shen J L, Han W X, Zhang W F,Christie P, Coulding K W T, Vitousek P M, Zhang F S.2010. Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands.Science, 327, 1008-1010

Guo L. 2007. Doing battle with the green monster of Taihu Lake.Science, 317, 1166-1166

Guppy C N, Menzies N W, Moody P W, Blamey F P C. 2005.Competitive sorption reactions between phosphorus andorganic matter in soil: A review. Soil Research, 43, 189-202

Han X Z, Song C Y, Wang S Y, Tang C. 2005. Impact oflong-term fertilization on phosphours status in black soil.Pedosphere, 15, 319-326

Hinsinger P. 2001. Bioavailability of soil inorganic P in therhizosphere as affected by root-induced chemical changes:A review. Plant and Soil, 237, 173-195

Johnston A E, Poulton P R, White R P. 2013. Plant‐availablesoil phosphorus. Part II: The response of arable crops toOlsen P on a sandy clay loam and a silty clay loam. SoilUse and Management, 29, 12-21

Khalid R A, Patrick Jr W H, Peterson F J. 1979. Relationshipbetween rice yield and soil phosphorus evaluated underaerobic and anaerobic conditions. Soil Science and PlantNutrition, 25, 155-164

Lee C H, Park C Y, Do Park K, Jeon W T, Kim P J. 2004. Longtermeffects of fertilization on the forms and availability ofsoil phosphorus in rice paddy. Chemosphere, 56, 299-304

Lin D X, Hu Feng, Fan X H, Yang L Z. 2006. Effect of longtermfertilization on phosphorus transformation in paddysoil in the Taihu Lake region. Chinese Journal of Applied &Environmental Biology, 12, 453-456 (in Chinese)

Mallarino A P, Blackmer A M. 1992. Comparison of methods fordetermining critical concentrations of soil test phosphorusfor corn. Agronomy Journal, 84, 850-856

de Mendiburu F. 2014. Agricolae: Statistical procedures foragricultural research. R package version 1.2-1. [2015-04-06]. http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=agricolae

Muggeo V M R. 2003. Estimating regression models withunknown break-points. Statistics in Medicine, 22, 3055-3071

Murphy J, Riley J P. 1962. A modified single solution method forthe determination of phosphate in natural waters. AnalyticaChimica Acta, 27, 31-36

Nagumo T, Tajima S, Chikushi S, Yamashita A. 2013.Phosphorus balance and soil phosphorus status in paddyrice fields with various fertilizer practices. Plant ProductionScience, 16, 69-76

Nelson L A, Anderson R L. 1977. Partitioning of soil test-cropresponse probability. In: Peck T R, Cope Jr J T, WhitneyD A, eds., Soil Testing: Correlation and Interpreting theAnalytical Results. ASA Special Publication, Madison,Wisconsin, United States. pp. 19-38

Patrick Jr W H, Mahapatra I C. 1968. Transformation andavailability to rice of nitrogen and phosphorus in waterloggedsoils. In: Norman A G, ed., Advances in Agronomy.Academic Press, New York, Unitated States. pp. 323-359

Pei R N, Yang S M, Xu M G, Fan T L, Zhang H M. 2010.Response of Olsen-P to P balance in black loessial soilunder long-term fertilization. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,43, 4008-4015 (in Chinese)

Poulton P R, Johnston A E, White R P. 2013. Plant-availablesoil phosphorus. Part I: The response of winter wheat andspring barley to Olsen P on a silty clay loam. Soil Use andManagement, 29, 4-11

Qiu D S, Li L Q, Jiao S J, Pan G X, Zhang Y. 2005. Change ofsoil fertility under long-term different fertilization practices ina paddy soil from the Taihu Lake region. Soils and Fertilizers Sciences in China, 4, 28-32 (in Chinese)

R Core Team. 2015. R: A language and environmentfor statistical computing. R Foundation for StatisticalComputing, Vienna, Austria. [2015-04-06]. http://www.Rproject.org/

Shafqat M N, Pierzynski G M. 2013. Soil test phosphorusdynamics in animal waste amended soils: Using P massbalance approach. Chemosphere, 90, 691-698

Shan Y H, Yang L Z, Shen M X, Wang J G, Lu C Y, Wu T D.2005. Accumulation and downward transport of phosphorusin paddy soil in long term fertilization experiments. ActaPedologica Sinica, 42, 970-976 (in Chinese)

Sharpley A, Wang X Y. 2014. Managing agricultural phosphorusfor water quality: Lessons from the USA and China. Journalof Environmental Sciences, 26, 1770-1782

Shen J, Li R, Zhang F, Fan J, Tang C, Rengel Z. 2004. Cropyields, soil fertility and phosphorus fractions in response tolong-term fertilization under the rice monoculture systemon a calcareous soil. Field Crops Research, 86, 225-238

Shen M X, Yang L Z, Yao Y M, Wu D D, Wang J G, Guo R L,Yin S X. 2007. Long-term effects of fertilizer managementson crop yields and organic carbon storage of a typicalrice-wheat agroecosystem of China. Biology and Fertilityof Soils, 44, 187-200

Shen P, Xu M G, Zhang H M, Yang X Y, Huang S M, ZhangS X, He X H. 2014. Long-term response of soil Olsen Pand organic C to the depletion or addition of chemical andorganic fertilizers. Catena, 118, 20-27

Shi X Z, Yu D S, Warner E D, Pan X Z, Petersen G W, Gong ZG, Weindorf D C. 2004. Soil database of 1: 1 000 000 digitalsoil survey and reference system of the Chinese genetic soilclassification system. Soil Survey Horizons, 45, 129-136

Tang X, Li J M, Ma Y B, Hao X Y, Li X Y. 2008. Phosphorusefficiency in long-term (15 years) wheat-maize croppingsystems with various soil and climate conditions. Field CropsResearch, 108, 231-237

Tang X, Ma Y B, Hao X Y, Li X Y, Li J N, Huang S M, Yang X Y.2009. Determining critical values of soil Olsen-P for maizeand winter wheat from long-term experiments in China.Plant and Soil, 323, 143-151

Wang J G, Yang L Z, Shan Y H, Shen M X, Lu C Y. 2006.Phosphorus distribution in paddy soil and its pollution riskto water body in long-term experiments. Journal of Ecologyand Rural Environment, 22, 88-92

Xie Y X, Xiong Z Q, Xing G X, Yan X Y, Shi S L, Sun G Q,Zhu Z L. 2008. Source of nitrogen in wet deposition toa rice agroecosystem at Tai Lake region. AtmosphericEnvironment, 42, 5128-5129

Yan X, Wang D J, Zhang G, Bo L J, Peng X L. 2013a. Soilphosphorus accumulation in long-term P fertilization paddyfield and its environmental effects. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 21, 393-400 (in Chinese)

Yan X, Wang D J, Zhang H L, Zhang G, Wei Z Q. 2013b. Organicamendments affect phosphorus sorption characteristicsin a paddy soil. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment,175, 47-53

Yang K, Zhu J J, Gu J C, Yu L Z, Wang Z Q. 2014. Changesin soil phosphorus fractions after 9 years of continuousnitrogen addition in a Larix gmelinii plantation. Annuals ofForest Science, 72, 435-442

Zhang H C, Cao Z H, Wang G P, Zhang H A, Wong M H.2003. Winter runoff losses of phosphorus from paddy soilsin the Taihu Lake Region of South China. Chemosphere,52, 1461-1466

Zhang L, Yu D, Shi X, Weindorf D, Zhao L, Ding W, Wang H,Pan J, Li C. 2009. Quantifying methane emissions from ricefields in the Taihu Lake region, China by coupling a detailedsoil database with biogeochemical model. Biogeosciences,6, 739-749

Zhang Y. 2003. Effects of the long-term fertilization practiseon the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus pools and theirmobility. Ph D thesis, Nanjing Agriculture University, China.(in Chinese)

Zhang Y C, Wang J D, Shen M X, Shen Q R, Xu X J, Ning Y W.2010. Effects of long-term fertilization on soil acidificationin Taihu Lake region, China. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 47,465-472. (in Chinese)

Zhang Y Q, Wen M X, Li X P, Shi X J. 2014. Long-termfertilisation causes excess supply and loss of phosphorusin purple padd soil. Journal of the Science of Food andAgriculture, 94, 1175–1183.
[1] GAO Peng, ZHANG Tuo, LEI Xing-yu, CUI Xin-wei, LU Yao-xiong, FAN Peng-fei, LONG Shi-ping, HUANG Jing, GAO Ju-sheng, ZHANG Zhen-hua, ZHANG Hui-min. Improvement of soil fertility and rice yield after long-term application of cow manure combined with inorganic fertilizers[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(7): 2221-2232.
[2] ZHANG Chong, WANG Dan-dan, ZHAO Yong-jian, XIAO Yu-lin, CHEN Huan-xuan, LIU He-pu, FENG Li-yuan, YU Chang-hao, JU Xiao-tang. Significant reduction of ammonia emissions while increasing crop yields using the 4R nutrient stewardship in an intensive cropping system[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(6): 1883-1895.
[3] LI Qian-chuan, XU Shi-wei, ZHUANG Jia-yu, LIU Jia-jia, ZHOU Yi, ZHANG Ze-xi. Ensemble learning prediction of soybean yields in China based on meteorological data[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(6): 1909-1927.
[4] Wannaporn THEPBANDIT, Narendra Kumar PAPATHOTI, Jayasimha Rayulu DADDAM, Nguyen Huy HOANG, Toan LE THANH, Chanon SAENGCHAN, Kumrai BUENSANTEAI. In vitro and in silico studies of salicylic acid on systemic induced resistance against bacterial leaf blight disease and enhancement of crop yield[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(1): 170-184.
[5] Muhammad QASWAR, Waqas AHMED, HUANG Jing, LIU Kai-lou, ZHANG Lu, HAN Tian-fu, DU Jiang-xue, Sehrish ALI, Hafeez UR-RAHIM, HUANG Qing-hai, ZHANG Hui-min. Interaction of soil microbial communities and phosphorus fractions under long-term fertilization in paddy soil [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(7): 2134-2144.
[6] WANG Han-jie, Jingjing WANG, Xiaohua YU. Wastewater irrigation and crop yield: A meta-analysis[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(4): 1215-1224.
[7] ZHANG Nai-yu, WANG Qiong, ZHAN Xiao-ying, WU Qi-hua, HUANG Shao-min, ZHU Ping, YANG Xue-yun, ZHANG Shu-xiang. Characteristics of inorganic phosphorus fractions and their correlations with soil properties in three non-acidic soils[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(12): 3626-3636.
[8] CAO Han-bing, XIE Jun-yu, HONG Jie, WANG Xiang, HU Wei, HONG Jian-ping. Organic matter fractions within macroaggregates in response to long-term fertilization in calcareous soil after reclamation[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2021, 20(6): 1636-1648.
[9] WANG Yun-xia, CHEN Shu-ping, ZHANG Dong-xing, YANG Li, CUI Tao, JING Hui-rong, LI Yu-huan. Effects of subsoiling depth, period interval and combined tillage practice on soil properties and yield in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2020, 19(6): 1596-1608.
[10] WANG Qi-qi, LIU Ling-ling, LI Yu, QIN Song, WANG Chuan-jie, CAI An-dong, WU Lei, XU Ming-gang, ZHANG Wen-ju.
Long-term fertilization leads to specific PLFA finger-prints in Chinese Hapludults soil
[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2020, 19(5): 1354-1362.
[11] LIAO Ping, Mart B. H. ROS, Natasja VAN GESTEL, SUN Yan-ni, ZHANG Jun, HUANG Shan, ZENG Yong-jun, WU Zi-ming, Kees Jan VAN GROENIGEN. Liming reduces soil phosphorus availability but promotes yield and P uptake in a double rice cropping system[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2020, 19(11): 2807-2814.
[12] LIU Kai-lou, HUANG Jing, LI Da-ming, YU Xi-chu, YE Hui-cai, HU Hui-wen, HU Zhi-hua, HUANG Qing-hai, ZHANG Hui-min. Comparison of carbon sequestration efficiency in soil aggregates between upland and paddy soils in a red soil region of China[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2019, 18(6): 1348-1359.
[13] LIU Chang-an, CHEN Zhong-xin, SHAO Yun, CHEN Jin-song, Tuya Hasi, PAN Hai-zhu. Research advances of SAR remote sensing for agriculture applications: A review[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2019, 18(3): 506-525.
[14] ZHANG Wei-wei, ZHAN Xiao-ying, ZHANG Shu-xiang, Khalid Hamdan Mohamed Ibrahima, XU Ming-gang. Response of soil Olsen-P to P budget under different long-term fertilization treatments in a fluvo-aquic soil[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2019, 18(3): 667-676.
[15] WANG Shi-chao, WANG Jin-zhou, ZHAO Ya-wen, REN Yi, XU Ming-gang, ZHANG Shu-xiang, LU Chang-ai .
Assessment of the contribution percentage of inherent soil productivity of cultivated land in China
[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2019, 18(11): 2619-2627.
No Suggested Reading articles found!