|
|
|
|
|
| Effects of subsoiling depth, period interval and combined tillage practice on soil properties and yield in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China |
| WANG Yun-xia1*, CHEN Shu-ping2*, ZHANG Dong-xing1, YANG Li1, CUI Tao1, JING Hui-rong1, LI Yu-huan1 |
1 College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, P.R.China
2 Dryland Farming Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Hengshui 053000, P.R.China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Compaction layers are widely distributed in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China, which restrict root growth and reduce yields. The adoption of subsoiling has been recommended to disrupt compacted soil layers and create a reasonable soil structure for crop development. In this paper, the effects of subsoiling depth (30, 35 and 40 cm), period interval (2 or 3 years) and combined pre-sowing tillage practice (rotary cultivation or ploughing) on soil condition improvement was studied on a tidal soil in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. Seven tillage patterns were designed by combining different subsoiling depths, period intervals and pre-sowing. The evaluation indicators for soil condition improvement were as follows: thickness of the plough layer and hard pan, soil bulk density, cone index, soil three-phase R values, alkali nitrogen content, crop yield, and economic benefits. The results showed that subsoiling can significantly improve the soil structure and physical properties. In all subsoiling treatments, the depth of 35 or 40 cm at a 2-year interval was the most significant. The thickness of the plough layer increased from 13.67 cm before the test to 21.54–23.45 cm in 2018. The thickness of the hard pan decreased from 17.68 cm before the test to 12.09–12.76 cm in 2018, a decrease of about 40.07%. However, the subsoiling combined pre-sowing tillage practice, that is, rotary cultivation or ploughing, was not significant for soil structure and physical properties. For all subsoiling treatments, the soil bulk density, cone index and soil three-phase R values of the 15–25 cm soil layer were significantly lower compared to single rotary cultivation. Subsoiling was observed to increase the soil alkaline nitrogen and water contents. The tillage patterns that had subsoiling at the depth of 35–40 cm at a 2-year interval combined with rotary cultivation had the highest alkali nitrogen and water contents, which increased by 31.08–34.23% compared with that of the single rotary cultivation. Subsoiling can significantly increase the yield both of wheat and corn, as well as the economic benefits. The treatment of subsoiling at the depth of 35 cm at an interval of 2 years combined with rotary cultivation had the highest annual yield and economic benefits. For this treatment, the annual yield and economic benefits increased by 14.55 and 62.87% in 2018, respectively. In conclusion, the tillage patterns that involved subsoiling at a depth of 35 cm at a 2-year interval along with rotary cultivation are suitable for the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.
|
|
Received: 29 January 2019
Accepted:
|
Fund: This work was supported by the Agricultural Public Welfare Industry Research, Ministry of Agriculture, China (201503117) and the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-02).
|
|
Corresponding Authors:
Correspondence YANG Li, E-mail: yl_hb68@126.com
|
| About author:
* These authors contributed equally to this study. |
Cite this article:
WANG Yun-xia, CHEN Shu-ping, ZHANG Dong-xing, YANG Li, CUI Tao, JING Hui-rong, LI Yu-huan.
2020.
Effects of subsoiling depth, period interval and combined tillage practice on soil properties and yield in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(6): 1596-1608.
|
Alegre J C, Cassel D K, Amezquita E. 1991. Tillage systems and soil properties in Latin America. Soil Tillage Research, 20, 147–163.
Botta G F, Jorajuria D, Balbuena R, Ressia M, Ferrero C, Rosatto H, Tourn M. 2006. Deep tillage and traffic effects on subsoil compaction and sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) yields. Soil Tillage Research, 91, 164–172.
Brenna J, Hackett R, McCabe T, Grant J, Fortune R A, Forristal P D. 2014. The effect of tillage system and residue management on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat in a cool Atlantic climate. European Journal of Agronomy, 54, 61–69.
Butson J M, Rackham H D. 1981. Vibratory soil cutting: II. An improved mathematical model. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 26, 419–439.
Chen J, Zheng M J, Pang D W, Yin Y P, Han M M, Li Y X, Luo Y L, Xu X, Li Y, Wang Z L. 2017. Straw return and appropriate tillage method improve grain yield and nitrogen efficiency of winter wheat. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 16, 1708–1719.
Dikgwatlhe S B, Chen Z D, La L R, Zhang H L, Chen F. 2014. Changes in soil organic carbon and nitrogen as affected by tillage and residue management under wheat-corn cropping system in the North China Plain. Soil Tillage Research, 144, 110–118.
Gong B Y, Li C H, Zhao Y L, Wang Q, Mu X Y, Guo H B, Xue Z W, Niu P P. 2013. A Method That Making Use of the Solid Geometry Knowledge Analysizes Ratio of Soil Solid-Liquid-Gaseous Data. China Patent, Application No., 103197045A, 2013-04-07. (in Chinese)
Guo H B, Ji B Y, Wang Q F, Zhao Y L, Mu X Y, Xue Z W, Li C H, Zhao Z J. 2014. Effects of deep tillage and straw returning on soil physical properties and grain yield of different soil texture. Journal of Henan Agricultural University, 48, 505–511. (in Chinese)
He J, Wang Q J, Li H W, Liu L J, Gao H W. 2009. Effect of alternative tillage and residue cover on yield and water use efficiency in annual double cropping system in North China Plain. Soil Tillage Research, 104, 198–205.
Kong F L, Chen F, Zhang H L, Huang G H. 2010. Effects of rotational tillage on soil physical properties and winter wheat yield. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 26, 150–155. (in Chinese)
Kong X M, Han C W, Zeng S M, Wu Q P, Liu L. 2014. Effects of different tillage managements on soil physical properties and corn yield. Journal of Maize Sciences, 22, 108–113. (in Chinese)
Lal R, Logan T J, Fausey N R. 1989. Long term tillage and wheel traffic effects on a poorly drained mollic ochraqualf in Northwest Ohio. 1. Soil physical properties, root distribution, and grain yield of corn and soybean. Soil Tillage Research, 14, 341–358.
Li X, Tang M, Zhang D, Wang W, Cui T. 2014. Effects of sub-soiling on soil physical quality and corn yield. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 30, 65–69.
Liang J F, Qi Q Z, Jia X H, Gong S J, Huang Y F. 2010. Effects of different tillage managements on soil properties and corn growth. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 19, 945–950. (in Chinese)
Lu D J, Lu F F, Pan J X, Cui Z L, Zou C Q, Chen X P, He M R, Wang Z L. 2015. The effects of cultivar and nitrogen management on wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency in the North China Plain. Field Crops Research, 171, 157–164.
Motavalli P P, Stevens W E, Hartwig G. 2003. Remediation of subsoil compaction and compaction effects on corn N availability by deep tillage and application of poultry manure in a sandy-textured soil. Soil Tillage Research, 71, 121–131.
Mouazen A M, Ramon H, 2002. A numerical-statistical hybrid modelling scheme for evaluation of draught requirements of a subsoiler cutting a sandy loam soil, as affected by moisture content, bulk density and depth. Soil Tillage Research, 63, 155–165.
Mrbet R. 2000. Differential response of wheat to tillage management systems in a semiarid area of Morocco. Field Crops Research, 66, 165–174.
Nie L P, Guo L W, Niu H Y, Wei J, Li Z J, Ning T Y. 2015. Effects of rotational tillage on tilth soil structure and crop yield and quality in corn-wheat cropping system. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 41, 468–478. (in Chinese)
Pikul J L, Kristian J S. 2003. Water infiltration and storage affected by subsoiling and subsequent tillage. Soil Science Society of America, 3, 859–866.
Van den Putte A, Govers G, Diels J, Gillijns K, Demuzere M. 2010. Assessing the effect of soil tillage on crop growth: Ameta-regression analysis on European crop yields under conservation agriculture. European Journal of Agronomy, 33, 231–241.
Qi H, Liu M, Zhang W J, Zhang Z P, Li X F, Song Z W, Yu X L, Wu Y N. 2012. Effect of deep loosening mode on soil physical characteristics and corn root distribution. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 27, 191–196. (in Chinese)
Rasmussen W W, Moore D P, Alban L A. 1972. Improvement of a solonetzic (slick spot) soil by deep plowing, subsoiling, and amendments. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 36, 137–142.
Reicosky D C, Pbell R B, Doty C W. 1976. Corn plant water stress as influenced by chiseling, irrigation, and water table depth. Agronomy Journal, 68, 499–503.
Roberts T, Ross W, Norman R, Slaton N, Wilson C. 2011. Predicting nitrogen fertilizer needs for rice in Arkansas using alkaline-hydrolyzable-nitrogen. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 75, 1161–1171.
Sasal M C, Andriulo A E, Taboada M A. 2006. Soil porosity characteristics and water movement under zero tillage in silty soils in Argentinian Pampas. Soil Tillage Research, 87, 9–18.
Singh K, Choudhary O P, Singh H. 2013. Effects of sub-soiling on sugarcane productivity and soil properties. Journal of Sugarcane Research, 2, 32–36.
So H B, Kirchhof G, Bakker R, Smith G D. 2000. Low input tillage/cropping systems for limited resource areas. In: Morrison J E, ed., ISTRO 2000: Proc. International Conference of the International Soil Tillage Research Organisation. CD-ROM, USDA-ARS, Temple, Texas, USA.
Tilman D, Cassman K G, Matson P A, Naylor R, Polasky S. 2002. Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices. Nature, 418, 671–677.
Wang Q J, Lu C Y, Li H W, He J, Sarker K K, Rasaily R G, Liang Z H, Qiao X D, Li H, Mchugh A D J. 2014. The effects of no-tillage with subsoiling on soil properties and corn yield: 12-year experiment on alkaline soils of Northeast China. Soil Tillage Research, 137, 43–49.
Wang X Y, Tong Y N, Gao Y M, Gao P C, Liu F, Zhao Z P, Pang Y. 2014. Spatial and temporal variations of crop fertilization and soil fertility in the Loess Plateau in China from the 1970 to the 2000. PLoS ONE, 9, 1–15.
Wang Y L, Li J, Bai W X. 2015. Effects of rotational tillage systems on soil production performance in wheat-corn rotation field in Loess Platform region of China. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 31, 107–116. (in Chinese)
Wang Y X, Jing H R, Zhang D X, Cui T, Zhong X J, Yang L. 2018. Development and performance evaluation of an electric-hydraulic control system for subsoiler with ?exible tines. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 151, 249–257.
Xu H C, Dai X L, Chu J P, Wang Y C, Yin L J, Ma X, Dong S X, He M R. 2018. Integrated management strategy for improving the grain yield and nitrogen-use efficiency of winter wheat. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17, 315–327.
Yin B Z, Zhen W C, Guo L G. 2015. The soil ecological-environment characteristics in wheat growing season under different tillage treatments in Haihe lowland plain. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 29, 186–194. (in Chinese)
Yu S T, Zhao Y L, Wang Y H, Liu W L, Meng Z Y, Mu X Y, Chen S X, Li C H. 2017. Improvement effects of rotational tillage patterns on soil in the winter wheat-summer corn double cropping area of Huang-Huai-Hai region. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 50, 2150–2165. (in Chinese)
Zhang R F, Yang H S, Gao J L, Zhang Y Q, Wang Z G, Fan X Y, Bi W B. 2015. Effect of subsoiling on root morphological and physiological characteristics of spring corn. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 31, 78–84. (in Chinese)
Zhao Y L, Liu W L, Cheng S X, Zhou Y N, Zhou J L, Wang X L, Zhang M B, Wang Q, Li C H. 2018. Effects of pattern of deep tillage on topsoil features, yield and water use efficiency in lime concretion black soil. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 51, 2489–2503. (in Chinese)
Zhao Y L, Xue Z W, Guo H B, Mu X Y, Li C H. 2014. Effects of tillage and straw returning on water consumption characteristics and water use efficiency in the winter wheat and summer corn rotation system. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 47, 3359–3371. (in Chinese)
Zhou B Y, Sun X F, Ding Z S, Ma W. 2017. Effect of tillage practice and fertilization on dry matter accumulation and grain yield of summer corn (Zea mays L.). Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 50, 2129–2140. (in Chinese)
Zhu F H, Wang Y Q, Shi Z L, Zhang R X, Ran Y L, Wang Y C. 2015. Effects of rotational tillage on soil physical properties and winterwheat root growth on annual double cropping area. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 35, 7454–7463. (in Chinese)
|
| No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
