农业生态环境-土壤微生物合辑Agro-ecosystem & Environment—Soil microbe

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1. Silicon impacts on soil microflora under Ralstonia Solanacearum inoculation
LIN Wei-peng, JIANG Ni-hao, PENG Li, FAN Xue-ying, GAO Yang, WANG Guo-ping, CAI Kun-zheng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (1): 251-264.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62122-7
摘要107)      PDF    收藏
Silicon (Si) can increase plant resistance against bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and enhance plant immune response.  However, whether Si alleviates soil-borne disease stress through altering soil microbial community component and diversity is not clear.  In this study, effects of Si application under R. solanacearum inoculation with or without plant on soil bacterial and fungal communities were investigated through high-throughput pyrosequencing technique.  The results showed that Si addition significantly reduced bacterial wilt incidence.  However, Si did not reduce the amount of R. solanacearum in rhizosphere soil.  Principal components analysis showed that soil microbial community composition was strongly influenced by Si addition.  Total 63.7% bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 43.8% fungal OTUs were regulated by Si addition regardless of the presence of tomato plants, indicating the independent effects of Si on soil microbial community.  Si-added soil harbored a lower abundance of Fusarium, Pseudomonas, and Faecalibacterium.  Our finding further demonstrated that exogenous Si could significantly influence soil microbial community component, and this may provide additional insight into the mechanism of Si-enhanced plant resistance against soil-borne pathogens.
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2. A comprehensive analysis of the response of the fungal community structure to long-term continuous cropping in three typical upland crops
LIU Hang, PAN Feng-juan, HAN Xiao-zeng, SONG Feng-bin, ZHANG Zhi-ming, YAN Jun, XU Yan-li
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (3): 866-880.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62630-4
摘要90)      PDF    收藏
Certain agricultural management practices are known to affect the soil microbial community structure; however, knowledge of the response of the fungal community structure to the long-term continuous cropping and rotation of soybean, maize and wheat in the same agroecosystem is limited.  We assessed the fungal abundance, composition and diversity among soybean rotation, maize rotation and wheat rotation systems and among long-term continuous cropping systems of soybean, maize and wheat as the effect of crop types on fungal community structure.  We compared these fungal parameters of same crop between long-term crop rotation and continuous cropping systems as the effect of cropping systems on fungal community structure.  The fungal abundance and composition were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and Illumina MiSeq sequencing.  The results revealed that long-term continuous soybean cropping increased the soil fungal abundance compared with soybean rotation, and the fungal abundance was decreased in long-term continuous maize cropping compared with maize rotation.  The long-term continuous soybean cropping also exhibited increased soil fungal diversity.  The variation in the fungal community structure among the three crops was greater than that between long-term continuous cropping and rotation cropping.  Mortierella, Guehomyces and Alternaria were the most important contributors to the dissimilarity of the fungal communities between the continuous cropping and rotation cropping of soybean, maize and wheat.  There were 11 potential pathogen and 11 potential biocontrol fungi identified, and the relative abundance of most of the potential pathogenic fungi increased during the long-term continuous cropping of all three crops.  The relative abundance of most biocontrol fungi increased in long-term continuous soybean cropping but decreased in long-term continuous maize and wheat cropping.  Our results indicate that the response of the soil fungal community structure to long-term continuous cropping varies based upon crop types.
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3. Screening and degradation characteristics of a tylosin-degrading strain
FENG Chang-qing, CHENG Deng-miao, FENG Yao, QI Wei-ning, JIA Zhen-hu, Louise WEAVER, LIU Yuan-wang, LI Zhao-jun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (4): 1127-1136.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62764-4
摘要113)      PDF    收藏
Antibiotics residues have been accumulating in the environment day by day due to overuse of antibiotics.  Recalcitrant antibiotic residues, such as tylosin (TYL), can cause serious environmental problems, which makes it important to eliminate TYL from the environment.  It is important to eliminate TYL from the environment.  In this study, a strain was isolated and purified from fermentation by-product that came from a TYL production factory.  The TYL degrading strain was identified by its morphology, physiological and biochemical reactions and sequencing the PCR-amplified fragments of its 16S rDNA-coding genes.  The temperature, shaking speed, initial TYL concentration, pH and inoculum sizes were investigated under simulated conditions by using single factor tests.  The results showed that TYL2, a high efficient strain was isolated and was identified as Brevibacillus borstelensis.  The degradation rate of TYL by this strain could reach to 75% with an initial concentration of 25 mg L–1 within 7 days under conditions of 7% B. borstelensis (v/v, 2×108 CFU mL–1) at pH 7.0 and at 35°C.  It is interesting that this strain has a very strong ability to degrade the TYL in natural sewage with the degradation rate of 65% within 7 days.  This result could be helpful for the degradation of TYL and provide guidance for the degradation of other antibiotics.
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4.
Long-term fertilization leads to specific PLFA finger-prints in Chinese Hapludults soil
WANG Qi-qi, LIU Ling-ling, LI Yu, QIN Song, WANG Chuan-jie, CAI An-dong, WU Lei, XU Ming-gang, ZHANG Wen-ju
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (5): 1354-1362.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62866-2
摘要91)      PDF    收藏
Soil microbes play essential roles in the biogeochemical processes of organic carbon and nutrient cycling.  Many studies have reported various short-term effects of fertilization on soil microbes.  However, less is known about the effects of long-term fertilization regimes on the rhizosphere.  Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore how the soil microbial communities in the rhizosphere respond to different long-term fertilization strategies.  Based on a 21-year field treatment experiment in Guizhou, China, we extracted phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) to determine the microbial community structure in both the non-rhizosphere (NR) and rhizosphere (R).  Six treatments were included: no fertilizer (CK), mineral nitrogen fertilizer (N), N with potassium (NK), phosphorus with K (PK), NPK, and NPK combined with manure (MNPK).  The results showed that total PLFAs under unbalanced mineral fertilization (N, NK and PK) were decreased by 45% on average in the NR compared with CK, whereas MNPK increased fungi and G–bacteria abundance significantly in both the NR (by 33 and 23%) and R (by 15 and 20%), respectively.  In addition, all microbial groups in the R under these treatments (N, NK and PK) were significantly increased relative to those in the NR, except for the ratio of F/B and G+/G–, which might be due to the high nutrient availability in the R.  Soil pH and SOC significantly regulated the soil microbial community and structure, explaining 51 and 20% of the variation in the NR, respectively.  However, the rhizosphere microbial community structure was only significantly affected by soil pH (31%).  We concluded that the soil microbial community in the NR was more strongly affected by long-term fertilization than that in the R due to the rhizosphere effect in the agricultural ecosystem.  Rhizosphere nutrient conditions and buffering capacity could help microbial communities resist the change from the long-term fertilization.
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5. Aggregate-associated changes in nutrient properties, microbial community and functions in a greenhouse vegetable field based on an eight-year fertilization experiment of China
LUAN Hao-an, GAO Wei, TANG Ji-wei, LI Ruo-nan, LI Ming-yue, ZHANG Huai-zhi, CHEN Xin-ping, Dainius MASILIUNAS, HUANG Shao-wen
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (10): 2530-2548.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63269-5
摘要115)      PDF    收藏
Soil aggregation, microbial community, and functions (i.e., extracellular enzyme activities; EEAs) are critical factors affecting soil C dynamics and nutrient cycling.  We assessed soil aggregate distribution, stability, nutrients, and microbial characteristics within >2, 0.25–2, 0.053–0.25, and <0.053 mm aggregates, based on an eight-year field experiment in a greenhouse vegetable field in China.  The field experiment includes four treatments: 100% N fertilizer (CF), 50% substitution of N fertilizer with manure (M), straw (S), and manure plus straw (MS).  The amounts of nutrient (N, P2O5, and K2O) input were equal in each treatment.  Results showed higher values of mean weight diameter in organic-amended soils (M, MS, and S, 2.43–2.97) vs. CF-amended soils (1.99).  Relative to CF treatment, organic amendments had positive effects on nutrient (i.e., available N, P, and soil organic C (SOC)) conditions, microbial (e.g., bacterial and fungal) growth, and EEAs in the >0.053 mm aggregates, but not in the <0.053 mm aggregates.  The 0.25–0.053 mm aggregates exhibited better nutrient conditions and hydrolytic activity, while the <0.053 mm aggregates had poor nutrient conditions and higher oxidative activity among aggregates, per SOC, available N, available P, and a series of enzyme activities.  These results indicated that the 0.25–0.053 mm (<0.053 mm) aggregates provide suitable microhabitats for hydrolytic (oxidative) activity.  Interestingly, we found that hydrolytic and oxidative activities were mainly impacted by fertilization (58.5%, P<0.01) and aggregate fractions (50.5%, P<0.01), respectively.  The hydrolytic and oxidative activities were significantly (P<0.01) associated with nutrients (SOC and available N) and pH, electrical conductivity, respectively.  Furthermore, SOC, available N, and available P closely (P<0.05) affected microbial communities within >0.25, 0.25–0.053, and <0.053 mm aggregates, respectively.  These findings provide several insights into microbial characteristics within aggregates under different fertilization modes in the greenhouse vegetable production system in China.
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6. Pseudomonas sp. TK35-L enhances tobacco root development and growth by inducing HRGPnt3 expression in plant lateral root formation
CAO Yuan-yuan, NI Hai-ting, LI Ting, LAY Khien-duc, LIU Dai-song, HE Xiang-yi, OU Kang-miao, TANG Xin-yun, WANG Xiao-bo, Qiu Li-juan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (10): 2549-2560.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63266-X
摘要102)      PDF    收藏
Rhizosphere colonization is a key requirement for the application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as a biofertilizer.  Signaling molecules are often exchanged between PGPR and plants, and genes in plants may respond to the action of PGPR.  Here, the luciferase luxAB gene was electrotransformed into Pseudomonas sp. strain TK35, a PGPR with an affinity for tobacco, and the labelled TK35 (TK35-L) was used to monitor colonization dynamics in the tobacco rhizosphere and evaluate the effects of colonization on tobacco growth and root development.  The transcript levels of the hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein HRGPnt3 gene, a lateral root induction indicator, in tobacco roots were examined by qPCR.  The results showed that TK35-L could survive for long periods in the tobacco rhizosphere and colonize new spaces in the tobacco rhizosphere following tobacco root extension, exhibiting significant increases in root development, seedling growth and potassium accumulation in tobacco plants.  The upregulation of HRGPnt3 transcription in the inoculated tobacco suggested that TK35-L can promote tobacco root development by upregulating the transcript levels of the HRGPnt3 gene, which promotes tobacco seedling growth.  These findings lay a foundation for future studies on the molecular mechanism underlying the plant growth-promoting activities of PGPR.  Furthermore, this work provided an ideal potential strain for biofertilizer production.
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7. Contrasting resilience of soil microbial biomass, microbial diversity and ammonification enzymes under three applied soil fumigants
SUN Zhen-cai, LI Gui-tong, ZHANG Cheng-lei, WANG Zhi-min, LIN Qi-mei, ZHAO Xiao-rong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (10): 2561-2570.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63201-4
摘要91)      PDF    收藏
Fumigation is a widely applied approach to mitigate the soil-borne diseases.  However, the potential effects of currently applied fumigants on ammonification remain unclear.  An 84-day incubation experiment was conducted based on non-fumigated soil (CK) and fumigated soil using three common fumigants, i.e., chloropicrin (CP), 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), and metam sodium (MS).  The results showed that, the three fumigants all decreased the microbial C, and the largest reduction (84.7%) occurred with the application of CP.  After fumigation, the microbial diversity in the CP treatment rapidly recovered, but that in the 1,3-D treatment decreased and did not recover by the end of the experiment.  The application of MS showed no impact on the microbial diversity during the assay, indicating that significantly different microbial diversity can be achieved by choosing different fumigants.  Furthermore, the three fumigants showed divergent effects on the enzymes involved in ammonification.  The analysis showed that the enzyme variation with CP application was mainly associated with the changed microbial C and N (P<0.05), and not with the microbial community, which was different from the observed effects of 1,3-D or MS application.  In addition, the soil quality index showed that CP was still significantly harmful at the end of incubation compared with the good resilience of MS, indicating that CP may not be a suitable fumigant.
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8. Effects of long-term straw return on soil organic carbon fractions and enzyme activities in a double-cropped rice paddy in South China
HUANG Wan, WU Jian-fu, PAN Xiao-hua, TAN Xue-ming, ZENG Yong-jun, SHI Qing-hua, LIU Tao-ju, ZENG Yan-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (1): 236-247.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63347-0
摘要188)      PDF    收藏

长期秸秆还田是提高农田土壤有机碳储量的重要碳源,秸秆焚烧还田在我国南方也屡见不鲜。然而,长期稻草管理对土壤有机碳组分、酶活性及其相互关系的影响,以及其影响是否存在季节差异却尚未明确。我们基于2009年开始建立的长期定位试验平台,通过设置3个N、P、K等养分输入(包括秸秆/灰分和化学养分)的处理:秸秆不还田(CK)、秸秆还田(SR)和秸秆焚烧还田(SBR),探讨长期秸秆还田条件对南方双季稻田土壤有机碳组分及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,长期秸秆还田有利于提高早稻产量(P=0.057),并显著增加早晚稻田土壤的总有机碳(TOC)和微生物量碳(MBC)含量。而稻草焚烧还田对TOC无显著影响,但降低了早稻轻组有机碳(LFOC)和晚稻易氧化有机碳(EOC)含量,而显著增加了可溶性有机碳(DOC),且显著降低了土壤pH。我们研究还表明,长期秸秆还田条件下,MBC是评估双季稻系统土壤有机碳变化最敏感的指标;此外,SBR和SR对土壤酶活性的影响早晚稻稻田土壤呈现相反趋势,进而导致土壤有机碳组分含量存在季节差异,尤其是改变了土壤DOC含量,而早晚稻DOC与β-木糖苷酶均呈正相关。可见,秸秆还田较秸秆焚烧还田更有利于土壤有机碳组分的固持与提高,但其对晚稻土壤酶活性的负作用有待进一步研究。


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9. The ciliate protozoan Colpoda cucullus can improve maize growth by transporting soil phosphates
ZHANG Wen-li, LIN Qi-mei, Li Gui-tong, ZHAO Xiao-rong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (3): 855-861.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63628-6
摘要86)      PDF    收藏

目前人们对原生动物转移磷酸盐和改善玉米生长的能力还知之甚少。本文旨在探讨Colpoda cucullus能否通过转移磷来提高玉米的磷素水平。在根箱的外室土壤中接种纤毛虫C.cucullus,并添加KH232PO4、磷矿粉(RP)、普钙(SP)或磷酸铵(AP),然后在内室种植玉米。结果表明,接种C.cucullus的玉米植株32P放射性显著高于对照。此外,接种C.cucullus后玉米干物质显著增加了25.07%,氮磷钾含量增加了1~36% (P<0.05)。接种纤毛虫后,根箱内室土壤速效磷也提高了30%以上(P<0.05)。由此推测,磷素可能由接种的C.cucullus从外室运输到内室,然后被玉米植株吸收。


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10. Microbial community dynamics during composting of animal manures contaminated with arsenic, copper, and oxytetracycline
Ebrahim SHEHATA, CHENG Deng-miao, MA Qian-qian, LI Yan-li, LIU Yuan-wang, FENG Yao, JI Zhen-yu, LI Zhao-jun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (6): 1649-1659.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63290-7
摘要128)      PDF    收藏
Effects of the heavy metal copper (Cu), the metalloid arsenic (As), and the antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC) on bacterial community structure and diversity during cow and pig manure composting were investigated.  Eight treatments were applied, four to each manure type, namely cow manure with: (1) no additives (control), (2) addition of heavy metal and metalloid, (3) addition of OTC and (4) addition of OTC with heavy metal and metalloid; and pig manure with: (5) no additives (control), (6) addition of heavy metal and metalloid, (7) addition of OTC and (8) addition of OTC with heavy metal and metalloid.  After 35 days of composting, according to the alpha diversity indices, the combination treatment (OTC with heavy metal and metalloid) in pig manure was less harmful to microbial diversity than the control or heavy metal and metalloid treatments.  In cow manure, the treatment with heavy metal and metalloid was the most harmful to the microbial community, followed by the combination and OTC treatments.  The OTC and combination treatments had negative effects on the relative abundance of microbes in cow manure composts.  The dominant phyla in both manure composts included Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria.  The microbial diversity relative abundance transformation was dependent on the composting time.  Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that environmental parameters had the most influence on the bacterial communities.  In conclusion, the composting process is the most sustainable technology for reducing heavy metal and metalloid impacts and antibiotic contamination in cow and pig manure.  The physicochemical property variations in the manures had a significant effect on the microbial community during the composting process.  This study provides an improved understanding of bacterial community composition and its changes during the composting process. 
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11. Changes in bacterial community and abundance of functional genes in paddy soil with cry1Ab transgenic rice
SONG Ya-na, CHEN Zai-jie, WU Ming-ji, LI Gang, WANG Feng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (6): 1674-1686.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63271-3
摘要71)      PDF    收藏

自2014年起建立了转cry1Ab基因水稻(GM)及其对照非转基因水稻(M)的田间试验。分别利用16S rRNA基因的Illumina MiSeq 高通量测序及amoAnirS和 nirK基因的实时定量PCR,分析了田间试验第五年稻田土壤细菌群落和驱动氮素转化的功能基因丰度的变化。结果显示:转基因水稻GM的土壤细菌群落的a多样性指数,包括物种丰富度指数Chao1、香农多样性指数Shannon和辛普森多样性指数Simpson,在水稻各个生育期内均与非转基因水稻M间没有差异。但是基于unweighted UniFrac距离的主坐标分析(Principal coordinates analysis,PCoA)和非度量多维尺度分析(Nonmetric Multidimensional scaling,NMDS)显示,转基因水稻GM的细菌群落与非转基因水稻M在水稻各个生育期内均存在分布差异。且基于unweighted UniFrac距离的ADONIS和ANOSIM分析结果表明上述GM与M的细菌群落分布差异都达到显著性水平(P<0.05)。GM土壤中酸杆菌门 Acidobacteria和M土壤中拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes相对丰度的增加可导致其细菌群落的差异。同时,高通量测序的基因功能预测结果显示,在水稻成熟期转基因水稻GM土壤中一些功能基因丰度提高,如与淀粉、氨基酸和氮代谢相关的基因。此外,转基因水稻GM土壤中的氨氧化细菌amoA基因、氨氧化古菌amoA基因及反硝化细菌nirK基因的丰度均显著增加(P<0.05 或 0.01)。总之,转cry1Ab基因水稻对土壤细菌群落组成和微生物功能基因丰度均存在影响。


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12. Interaction of soil microbial communities and phosphorus fractions under long-term fertilization in paddy soil 
Muhammad QASWAR, Waqas AHMED, HUANG Jing, LIU Kai-lou, ZHANG Lu, HAN Tian-fu, DU Jiang-xue, Sehrish ALI, Hafeez UR-RAHIM, HUANG Qing-hai, ZHANG Hui-min
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (7): 2134-2144.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63733-4
摘要100)      PDF    收藏
Understanding the impact of biological activities on the soil phosphorus (P) distribution under long-term fertilizer application can facilitate better soil P fertility management.  Therefore, the primary objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of long-term (since 1981) fertilizer application on the soil P fractions and microbial community and to evaluate correlations between the microbial community structure and P distribution.  The following treatments were implemented in a long-term field trial: no fertilization (CK), inorganic N and K (NK), inorganic P and K (PK), inorganic N, P and K (NPK) and manure+NPK (MNPK) fertilization.  The study showed that the soil pH, soil organic carbon and total and available N and P concentrations were considerably higher in the MNPK treatment than in the CK treatment.  The soil microbial biomass C, N and P concentrations were also significantly higher in the MNPK treatment than in the CK treatment.  Among fertilization treatments, the β-1,4-glucosidase, α-1,4-glucosidase, urease, acid phosphatase and phosphodiesterase activities were the highest in the MNPK treatment.  Compared to inorganic fertilization, the MNPK treatment increased the labile soil P fractions and decreased the residual soil P concentration.  Continuous fertilization significantly affected the soil microbial composition.  The total phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) concentrations in the NK, PK, NPK and MNPK treatments were 23.3, 43.1, 48.7 and 87.7% higher, respectively, than in the CK treatment.  A significant correlation was observed between the microbial community and soil P fractions.  Moreover, the aggregated boosted tree (ABT) model showed that among the various soil biochemical properties, the total PLFA concentration was the factor that most influenced the active P pool, accounting for 35.4% of the relative influence of all soil biochemical properties examined.  These findings reveal that combined manure and inorganic fertilizer application is a better approach than applying inorganic fertilizer alone for sustaining long-term P fertility by mediating soil biological activity.


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13. Functional diversity of soil microbial communities in response to supplementing 50% of the mineral N fertilizer with organic fertilizer in an oat field
ZHANG Mei-jun, JIA Ju-qing, LU Hua, FENG Mei-chen, YANG Wu-de
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (8): 2255-2264.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63331-7
摘要101)      PDF    收藏

利用Biolog-Eco平板研究氮肥减半配施有机肥对燕麦田土壤微生物群落代谢和多样性的影响。试验由5个处理组成:CK,不施肥;U1,90 kg ha–1 N的尿素;U2,45 kg ha–1 N的尿素;U2OM1,45 kg ha–1 N的尿素配施90 kg ha–1 N的羊粪有机肥;U2OM2,45 kg ha–1 N的尿素配施45 kg ha–1 N的羊粪有机肥。每个处理重复3次。试验于2018年和2019年在山西省平鲁县进行。结果表明,两年氮肥减半配施有机肥均有利于提高燕麦田土壤微生物群落对氨基酸,胺类,糖类,酸酸类和聚合物类碳源的利用。且对土壤微生物群落丰富度,优势度和均匀度也有显著促进作用。对氨基酸、胺类和酸酸类的利用以及对土壤微生物群落均匀度的影响随有机肥量增加而增强。双标图分析表明胺类和氨基酸是土壤微生物群落利用的主要碳源。2年结果均显示总氮量达135 kg ha–1,即45 kg ha–1 N的尿素配施90 kg ha–1 N的羊粪有机肥,燕麦产量最高。氮肥减半配施合适量的有机肥显著提高土壤微生物群落功能多样性。胺类和氨基酸类碳源可以作为总碳源的代表用于未来燕麦田土壤微生物群落对碳源利用的研究中。

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14. Effects of long-term straw incorporation on nematode community composition and metabolic footprint in a rice–wheat cropping system
CHEN Yun-feng, XIA Xian-ge, HU Cheng, LIU Dong-hai, QIAO Yan, LI Shuang-lai, FAN Xian-peng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (8): 2265-2276.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63435-9
摘要115)      PDF    收藏

土壤线虫群落能指示土壤食物网结构与功能,对短期秸秆还田等农业管理措施比较敏感。但目前关于不同肥力条件下长期秸秆还田对线虫群落的影响研究较少。基于13年长期秸秆还田试验,本研究通过分析线虫群落结构、食物网指数、代谢足迹,评价了低肥力(不施肥化肥)和高肥力条件下(长期施用化肥)秸秆还田对土壤食物网结构和功能的影响。试验设置4个处理,分别为低肥力条件下秸秆不还田处理和还田处理,高肥力条件下秸秆不还田处理和还田处理。2018年在小麦和水稻收获后取样,取样深度20 cm。结果表明:低肥力条件下,与不还田处理相比,秸秆还田处理线虫总丰度、食细菌线虫丰度、植物寄生线虫丰度、杂食-捕食线虫丰度及占线虫总丰度的比例分别比不还田处理高73.06%,89.29%,95.31%,238.98%和114.61%,高肥力条件下则分别高16.23%,2.23%,19.01%,141.38%和90.23%。在不考虑取样时间和肥力条件下,与不还田处理相比,秸秆还田提高了线虫群落仙农-维纳指数和成熟度指数,表明秸秆还田提高了线虫群落多样性和稳定性。此外,秸秆还田对线虫群落富集指数、富集足迹、食细菌线虫和食真菌线虫代谢足迹影响不显著,但显著提高了植物寄生线虫代谢足迹和结构足迹,低肥力条件下提高了97.27%和305.39% ,高肥力条件下提高了11.29%和149.56%,对结构指数的影响尽管在统计上不显著,但呈现出上升的趋势,这表明秸秆还田对线虫群落的自下而上调节能力较弱,而自上而下调节能力较强。总之,长期秸秆还田主要通过自上而下效应调节线虫群落,提高了线虫群落丰度,改变了线虫群落结构,且在低肥力条件下作用更强。


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15. JIA-2021-0475 土壤理化性质、种植模式和地理位置对中国4个玉米主产区土壤原核生物群落的影响
TIAN Xue-liang, LIU Jia-jia, LIU Quan-cheng, XIA Xin-yao, PENG Yong, Alejandra I. HUERTA, YAN Jian-bing, LI Hui, LIU Wen-de
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (7): 2145-2157.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63772-3
摘要154)      PDF    收藏

我们利用宏基因组技术研究了玉米种植模式、土壤性质和地理位置对中国4个玉米主产区土壤原核生物群落的影响。在本研究所有土壤样品中,α-变形菌纲、γ-变形菌纲、β-变形菌纲、芽单胞菌纲、酸杆菌纲和放线菌纲是共同优势原核生物类群。非度量多维尺度法分析发现,原核生物群落划分4个组,且与4个玉米种植区相吻合。冗余分析表明,土壤性质(尤其是pH)、地理位置和种植模式共同影响土壤原核生物群落多样性,而地理位置(纬度)、pH和种植模式影响土壤原核生物功能基因。4个玉米生产区土壤原核生物某些代谢途径中的功能基因丰度差异显著,如微生物-微生物相互作用、芳香化合物降解、原核生物固碳途径和微生物在不同环境中代谢等。总之,土壤pH、种植制度和地理位置三者共同影响了我国4个玉米主产区土壤原核生物群落和功能基因。研究结果有助于深入了解大尺度农业生态系统中土壤原核生物群落的组成和基因功能。


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16. Increased ammonification, nitrogenase, soil respiration and microbial biomass N in the rhizosphere of rice plants inoculated with rhizobacteria
ZHANG Jun-hua, HUANG Jing, Sajid HUSSAIN, ZHU Lian-feng, CAO Xiao-chuang, ZHU Chun-quan, JIN Qian-yu, ZHANG Hui
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (10): 2781-2796.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63454-2
摘要109)      PDF    收藏

Azospirillum brasilensePseudomonas fluorescens是应用广泛的植物根际促生菌。目前Azospirillum brasilensePseudomonas fluorescens对稻田土壤氮循环和水稻生长发育的影响尚不清楚。本研究通过两年田间试验(2016-2017)解析了Azospirillum brasilensePseudomonas fluorescens对水稻根际土壤氮素转化和供氮能力的影响,明确了Azospirillum brasilensePseudomonas fluorescens在稻田肥料减施增效中的作用。微生物接种包括4个处理,分别为生理盐水接种(对照,M0),水稻幼苗接种Azospirillum brasilense(Mb),水稻幼苗接种Pseudomonas fluorescens(Mp),水稻幼苗接种Azospirillum brasilensePseudomonas fluorescens的混合物(Mbp)。氮肥施用水平包括4个处理,分别为0 kg N hm-2(N0)),90 kg N hm-2(N90),180 kg N hm-2(N180),270 kg N hm-2 (N270)。结果表明,与M0相比,Mbp与Mp处理显著增强了水稻根际土壤氨化作用强度,高氮条件下提升作用更显著。与M0相比,Mbp与Mb处理显著增强了水稻根际土壤固氮酶活性,低氮条件下提升作用更显著。接种用的Azospirillum brasilensePseudomonas fluorescens不参与水稻根际土壤的硝化和反硝化过程。根际促生菌与氮肥的交互作用对土壤呼吸速率与微生物量氮有显著影响。在Mbp处理中,N90、N180、N270处理的土壤供氮能力与水稻产量无显著差异。水稻幼苗接种Azospirillum brasilensePseudomonas fluorescens的混合物,可将该地区氮肥施用量降至90 kg N hm-2


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17. Bacterial diversity and community composition changes in paddy soils that have different parent materials and fertility levels
MA Xin-ling, LIU Jia, CHEN Xiao-fen, LI Wei-tao, JIANG Chun-yu, WU Meng, LIU Ming, LI Zhong-pei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (10): 2797-2806.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63364-0
摘要135)      PDF    收藏

一方面,中国亚热带红壤区水稻土母质和肥力水平多变;另一方面,细菌多样性和群落组成在土壤生态系统过程和功能中发挥关键作用。但是水稻土的母质和肥力对细菌多样性和群落组成的影响如何仍不清楚,不同母质和肥力水平条件下驱动水稻土细菌多样性、群落组成和特异微生物种群变化的关键因素尚不明确。因此,本研究采集亚热带红壤区具有不同母质(第四纪红黏土或第三纪红砂岩)和不同肥力水平(高肥力或低肥力)的典型样地水稻土样品,通过454高通量测序测定细菌16S rRNA基因的V4−V5区,分析细菌多样性指数和群落组成变化。采用two-way ANOVA和two-way PERMANOVA探明母质和肥力对细菌多样性和群落组成的影响;主坐标分析(PCoA)、冗余分析(RDA)和多元回归树分析(MRT)明确细菌群落的变化,以及驱动该变化的关键土壤因子;共现网络分析阐明属水平特异细菌种群和关键土壤因子的关系;宏基因组差异分析工具(STAMP)确定不同土壤样品间差异物种。结果显示,母质和肥力对水稻土细菌多样性指数变化的贡献相似。但是肥力水平对细菌群落组成的影响要远大于母质。土壤因子,特别是土壤质地与细菌多样性指数密切相关。RDA分析发现土壤有机碳(SOC)是影响细菌群落组成的首要因素,并且25.5 g kg−1有机碳含量是驱动高肥力和低肥力土壤细菌群落组成分异的关键阈值。共现网络分析暗示高肥力水平下,由于土壤环境的改善,细菌趋向于合作关系,并且富营养型细菌占主导地位。STAMP分析发现高肥力水稻土中MassiliaRhodanobacter等富营养型细菌大量富集;而低肥力土壤中Anaerolinea等贫营养型细菌占主导。研究结果表明,不同母质和肥力水稻土中,土壤质地影响细菌多样性指数变化;而养分水平,特别是有机碳水平决定细菌群落组成的变化。


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18. Modification of total and phosphorus mineralizing bacterial communities associated with Zea mays L. through plant development and fertilization regimes
XIN Yuan-yuan, Anisur RAHMAN, LI Hui-xiu, XU Ting, DING Guo-chun, LI Ji
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (11): 3026-3038.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63413-X
摘要79)      PDF    收藏

根际微生物群及其中的解磷细菌在维持集约化农业系统的可持续性和生产力方面具有重要潜力。施肥制度能够影响土壤微生物群落,然而目前仍不清楚土壤中哪些群落的变化会影响有益菌群在根际的富集。本研究基于曲周实验站的一个长期定位实验,该实验始于1993年,含有堆肥、生物堆肥、化肥或不施肥的四个不同处理。利用选择性培养法、16S rRNA基因的Illumina测序,比较了不同处理下玉米根际总细菌和解磷细菌的多样性和群落结构的动态。研究结果显示:玉米的发育期是影响根际细菌和解磷细菌种群结构的主要因子,分别能够解释29%和13%的变异,作用高于不同的施肥。施用堆肥或生物堆肥的土壤中副球菌属的相对丰度显著高于施用化肥或不施肥处理。在根际富集的属中,海洋芽胞杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属、无色杆菌属、剑菌属、 副球菌属、Ramlibacter和藤黄单胞菌属的相对丰度与其在土壤中的相对丰度呈正相关。解磷细菌中剑菌属、芽孢杆菌属和链霉菌属的相对丰度也表现出上述规律。综上所述,尽管玉米发育期是影响根际微生物群的主要因素,但施肥制度或也能够影响根际有益微生物群,如芽孢杆菌属和剑菌属。


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19. Linking changes in the soil microbial community to C and N dynamics during crop residue decomposition
Cyrine REZGUI, Isabelle TRINSOUTROT-GATTIN, Marie BENOIT, Karine LAVAL, Wassila RIAH-ANGLET
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (11): 3039-3059.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63567-5
摘要87)      PDF    收藏

一方面,中国亚热带红壤区水稻土母质和肥力水平多变;另一方面,细菌多样性和群落组成在土壤生态系统过程和功能中发挥关键作用。但是水稻土的母质和肥力对细菌多样性和群落组成的影响如何仍不清楚,不同母质和肥力水平条件下驱动水稻土细菌多样性、群落组成和特异微生物种群变化的关键因素尚不明确。因此,本研究采集亚热带红壤区具有不同母质(第四纪红黏土或第三纪红砂岩)和不同肥力水平(高肥力或低肥力)的典型样地水稻土样品,通过454高通量测序测定细菌16S rRNA基因的V4−V5区,分析细菌多样性指数和群落组成变化。采用two-way ANOVA和two-way PERMANOVA探明母质和肥力对细菌多样性和群落组成的影响;主坐标分析(PCoA)、冗余分析(RDA)和多元回归树分析(MRT)明确细菌群落的变化,以及驱动该变化的关键土壤因子;共现网络分析阐明属水平特异细菌种群和关键土壤因子的关系;宏基因组差异分析工具(STAMP)确定不同土壤样品间差异物种。结果显示,母质和肥力对水稻土细菌多样性指数变化的贡献相似。但是肥力水平对细菌群落组成的影响要远大于母质。土壤因子,特别是土壤质地与细菌多样性指数密切相关。RDA分析发现土壤有机碳(SOC)是影响细菌群落组成的首要因素,并且25.5 g kg−1有机碳含量是驱动高肥力和低肥力土壤细菌群落组成分异的关键阈值。共现网络分析暗示高肥力水平下,由于土壤环境的改善,细菌趋向于合作关系,并且富营养型细菌占主导地位。STAMP分析发现高肥力水稻土中MassiliaRhodanobacter等富营养型细菌大量富集;而低肥力土壤中Anaerolinea等贫营养型细菌占主导。研究结果表明,不同母质和肥力水稻土中,土壤质地影响细菌多样性指数变化;而养分水平,特别是有机碳水平决定细菌群落组成的变化。


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20. Characteristics of maize residue decomposition and succession in the bacterial community during decomposition in Northeast China
ZHAO Shi-cheng, Ignacio A. CIAMPITTI, QIU Shao-jun, XU Xin-peng, HE Ping
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (12): 3289-3298.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63570-5
摘要103)      PDF    收藏

微生物是秸秆的分解者,气候条件和秸秆化学组成影响微生物的生长及其群落组成,并终影响秸秆分解。然而,对我国东北地区秸秆分解过程中的细菌演化特征并不清楚。为了阐明东北地区秸秆分解过程中细菌群体演化特征及其影响因子,我们于2014年10月份将玉米秸秆包埋入田间土壤,在随后的2年中不定期取样并分析秸秆生物量及其中细菌群落组成变化。秸秆埋入土壤5、12和24月后,其生物量积累损失率分别为起始量的18、69和77%;秸秆氮磷养分释放表现出与生物量相似的变化,而秸秆钾素1个月后释放了总量的79%。秸秆细菌丰度和群落组成多样性在埋入土壤后迅速增加,于9或20月后达到最高值。秸秆前期分解主要受环境温度和秸秆化学组成调控,后期主要受秸秆化学组成影响。细菌Actinobacteria、Bacteroidetes和Firmicutes门主导秸秆分解前期的群落组成,而Chloroflexi、Acidobacteria和Saccharibacteria门的丰度在分解后期逐步增加。总之,我国东北地区秸秆还田后的分解速率主要受环境温度和秸秆化学组成调控,秸秆分解过程中细菌群落从前期的富营养型群落主导向后期的贫营养型群落主导演化。


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21. Assembly and co-occurrence patterns of rare and abundant bacterial sub-communities in rice rhizosphere soil under short-term nitrogen deep placement
LI Gui-long, WU Meng, LI Peng-fa, WEI Shi-ping, LIU Jia, JIANG Chun-yu, LIU Ming, LI Zhong-pei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (12): 3299-3311.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63462-1
摘要98)      PDF    收藏

研究表明氮肥深施能够减少稻田中氮素淋失、提高氮肥利用率;然而,我们对于稻田土壤微生物,特别是微生物中的丰富物种和稀有物种对于氮肥深施的响应知之甚少,而这一过程对于我们理解农业生态系统的生物多样性和功能至关重要。在本研究中,我们利用二代测序技术和生态模型理论,研究了不同氮肥施用条件下水稻根际土壤中丰富和稀有类群在水稻生长4个阶段的多样性模式及其组装机制。结果显示,在水稻根际土壤中丰富物种和稀有物种具有不同的分布模式:丰富物种广泛存在于各样品中,而稀有物种不是普遍存在的。随机过程在丰富菌群和稀有菌群的群落构建过程中均起着主导作用,其中扩散限制在丰富菌群中起着更重要的作用,而漂移等非主导过程在稀有菌群中起着更重要的作用。扩散限制对氮肥深施下丰富物种和稀有物种的影响高于不施氮肥和传统撒施;然而均值扩散对不施氮肥和传统撒施下稀有物种的影响高于氮肥深施处理。网络分析表明,与稀有物种相比,丰富物种相互之间连接紧密且占据网络的中心位置。尽管如此,大部分的关键物种由稀有物种组成,它们可能在维系网络稳定过程中发挥重要作用。总之,我们的研究结果突出了氮肥深施下根际土壤中丰富菌群和稀有菌群生态机制和共发生模式。


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22. Fertility and biochemical activity in sodic soils 17 years after reclamation with flue gas desulfurization gypsum
ZHAO Yong-gan, WANG Shu-juan, LIU Jia, ZHUO Yu-qun, LI Yan, ZHANG Wen-chao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (12): 3312-3321.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63446-3
摘要71)      PDF    收藏

以往关于脱硫石膏改良盐碱土壤的效果研究,大多评测其对土壤理化性质的影响。然而,脱硫石膏对土壤微生物指标的影响研究鲜见报道,尤其是在其施用多年之后。为探究脱硫石膏改良盐碱土壤的长期效应,在内蒙古托克托县采集了轻度、中度和重度(碱化度分别为6.1-20%、20-30%和30-78.4%)3种碱化区施用脱硫石膏17年后的剖面(0-40 cm)土样,分析了土壤有机碳、养分、微生物量和酶活性的变化情况。结果表明:与对照(不施用脱硫石膏)处理相比,3种碱化区施用脱硫石膏处理0-20 cm和20-40 cm土壤有机碳含量平均值分别增加了18%和35%,0-20 cm土壤速效钾含量平均值增加了51%,20-40 cm土壤微生物量碳和微生物量氮含量平均值也分别增加了69%和194%。除了重度碱化区外,脱硫石膏处理0-40 cm土壤脲酶活性显著高于对照处理。此外,脱硫石膏处理显著提高了3种碱化区20-40 cm土壤碱性磷酸酶活性,但其对0-20 cm土壤过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性的作用效果参差不齐。皮尔逊相关分析结果显示,土壤肥力和生物活性的提高归功于脱硫石膏施用后降低了土壤电导率、pH和碱化度。由此可见,施用脱硫石膏对土壤肥力和生物活性有积极的影响,有助于土壤生态系统的可持续发展,是一种切实可行的碱土改良方法。


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23. 多粘类芽胞杆菌KM2501-1微生物有机肥的制备及抗根结线虫效果评价
CHENG Wan-li, ZENG Li, YANG Xue, HUANG Dian, YU Hao, CHEN Wen, CAI Min-min, ZHENG Long-yu, YU Zi-niu, ZHANG Ji-bin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (2): 542-551.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63498-0
摘要146)      PDF    收藏

根结线虫在世界范围内给农作物造成了巨大的产量损失。畜禽粪便可导致严重的环境污染,给农业环境造成极大负担。为了解决这两个问题,我们开发了一种利用亮斑扁角水虻幼虫和枯草芽胞杆菌BSF-CL联合将鸡粪转化为鸡粪有机肥的方法,然后将鸡粪有机肥与多粘类芽胞杆菌KM2501-1充分混合,最终浓度为1.5×108 CFU g-1。通过盆栽和大田试验,研究了KM2501-1微生物有机肥防治根结线虫的效果。盆栽试验中,施用KM2501-1微生物有机肥作为基肥或熏蒸剂,40 g/盆,对根结病的抑制率分别为61.76%69.05%KM2501-1微生物有机肥在田间试验中以1 Kg m-2作为熏蒸剂施用,可促进番茄植株生长,抑制根结线虫49.97%,减少土壤根结线虫二期幼虫88.68%。在盆栽和田间试验中,KM2501-1微生物有机肥对根结线虫的控制效果均优于市售生物有机肥。研究结果表明,这种共转化工艺能有效地将鸡粪转化为高附加值的幼虫生物量和KM2501-1微生物有机肥,作为新的线虫控制剂具有潜在的应用前景

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24. JIA-2021-1486 在长期使用有机肥的高肥力土壤上土著AM真菌依然能够引起土壤磷的消耗
HUO Wei-ge, CHAI Xiao-fen, WANG Xi-he, William David BATCHELOR, Arjun KAFLE, FENG Gu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (10): 3051-3066.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.045
摘要385)      PDF    收藏
集约化农业生产的土壤中含有丰富的AM真菌种类和孢子数目。以往的研究表明,在低磷条件下AM真菌能够提高作物的磷吸收,但在高磷土壤中AM真菌是否依然发挥着作用并不清楚。在本文中,我们原位研究了长期高磷肥投入的农田中,土著AM真菌是否对P的利用依然有贡献。我们设计了菌丝室装置,通过在PVC管两端分别密封不同孔径的膜(30 或 0.45 µm),允许或阻止菌丝穿透尼龙膜,进入菌丝室,并阻止棉花根系的进入。我们用土壤速效磷(Olsen-P)的耗竭来表征土著AMF对磷的吸收。结果表明,土著AMF能够介导磷的耗竭和微生物量磷(MBP)的周转,并且在高磷条件下(Olsen-P: 78.29 mg kg-1),速效磷的耗竭和MBP的周转率最大;不同施肥处理的棉花根内定殖着特有的AM真菌群落,且Glomus 和 Paraglomus占主导地位,暗示了长期的施肥能够驯化AM真菌群落。在本研究结果中,我们得出了即使在高磷条件下,土著AM真菌在土壤磷的耗竭和周转中依然发挥着重要作用。
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