不同种植模式对中国黄土高原土壤温度、水分、功能菌和冬小麦产量的影响

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

干旱和低温阻碍了黄土高原地区冬小麦的生产，作为两种常见的种植模式，垄膜沟播（RP）和平膜穴播（FP）有利于小麦增产。我们先前的研究表明，FP比RP能更有效地提高小麦产量，但原因尚不清楚。同时，不同种植模式下功能菌群的变化特征仍需进一步研究。本研究通过种植冬小麦评估了种植模式对土壤温度、水分、微生物和产量的影响。结果表明，FP在土壤温度较低时具有增温作用，在温度过高时具有降温作用。相比之下，RP对土壤温度的调节并不稳定，且随年份而变化。与RP和露地条播（NP）处理相比，FP处理的负积温分别降低了20-89和43-99%。在FP和RP处理中，深层土壤水分可以很好地被转移至表层供小麦生长，这使得在小麦生长早期，这两个处理（尤其是FP）的表层土壤水分比NP处理更充足。然而，由于研究区域的水资源有限，在小麦生育后期所有处理的表层贮水量几乎没有差异。最后，与RP和NP相比，FP的小麦产量分别显著提高了12-16和23-56%。此外，负积温、穗数和小麦产量之间存在显著的正相关。RP处理的Chao1指数和Shannon指数分别比NP处理高出17和3.9%，而基于network关联分析可知，RP处理中细菌的种间关系被削弱。与NP相比，RP中解磷菌、氨化和硝化细菌的活性被增强，而硝酸盐还原菌和植物病原菌活性受到了抑制，这为小麦生长提供了更多的有效养分和更好的生长环境。

Abstract:

The yield of winter wheat is hindered by drought and low temperature in the Loess Plateau of China. Two common mulching methods to conserve soil moisture, ridge furrows with plastic film mulching (RP) and flat soil surfaces with plastic film mulching (FP) are helpful for wheat production. Our previous study indicated that FP could improve wheat yield more effectively than RP, but the reason remains unclear. The effect of mulching method on functional bacteria also needs to be further studied. In this study, winter wheat was employed to evaluate the impacts of mulching method on soil temperature, moisture content, microorganisms and grain yield. The results showed that FP had a warming effect when the soil temperature was low and a cooling effect when the temperature was too high. However, the ability to regulate soil temperature in the RP method was unstable and varied with year. The lowest negative accumulated soil temperature was found in the FP treatment, which was 20–89 and 43–99% lower than that of the RP and flat sowing with non-film mulching control (NP) treatments, respectively. Deep soil moisture was better transferred to topsoil for wheat growth in the FP and RP treatments than the NP treatment, which made the topsoil moisture in the two treatments (especially FP) more sufficient than that in the NP treatment during the early growing stage of wheat. However, due to the limited water resources in the study area, there was almost no difference between treatments in topsoil water storage during the later stage. The wheat yield in the FP treatment was significantly higher, by 12–16 and 23–56%, respectively, than in the RP and NP treatments. Significant positive correlations were observed among the negative accumulated soil temperature, spike number and wheat yield. The Chao1 and Shannon indices in the RP treatment were 17 and 3.9% higher than those in the NP treatment, respectively. However, according to network relationship analysis, the interspecific relationships of bacteria were weakened in the RP treatment. Phosphorus solubilizing, ammonification and nitrification bacteria were more active in the RP than in the FP treatment, and microbes with nitrate reduction ability and plant pathogens were inhibited in the RP treatment, which improved nutrient availability and habitat for wheat.

Key words: winter wheat , soil temperature , moisture , functional bacteria , grain yield

ZHAO Xiao-dong, QIN Xiao-rui, LI Ting-liang, CAO Han-bing, XIE Ying-he. 不同种植模式对中国黄土高原土壤温度、水分、功能菌和冬小麦产量的影响[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(5): 1560-1573.

ZHAO Xiao-dong, QIN Xiao-rui, LI Ting-liang, CAO Han-bing, XIE Ying-he. Effects of planting patterns plastic film mulching on soil temperature, moisture, functional bacteria and yield of winter wheat in the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(5): 1560-1573.

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