土壤微生物群落、养分供应和作物产量在小麦‒玉米轮作体系中对钾肥梯度的不同响应

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2024.01.031

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2024, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (10): 3592-3609.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.01.031

土壤微生物群落、养分供应和作物产量在小麦‒玉米轮作体系中对钾肥梯度的不同响应

收稿日期:2023-09-12 接受日期:2023-12-17 出版日期:2024-10-20 发布日期:2024-09-11

The microbial community, nutrient supply and crop yields differ along a potassium fertilizer gradient under wheat–maize double-cropping systems

Zeli Li^{1, 2}, Fuli Fang³, Liang Wu³, Feng Gao², Mingyang Li², Benhang Li¹, Kaidi Wu¹, Xiaomin Hu², Shuo Wang², Zhanbo Wei⁴, Qi Chen², Min Zhang², Zhiguang Liu^2#

¹Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
² National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and the Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
³ Key Laboratory of Crop Specific Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Xinyangfeng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Jingmen 448001, China
⁴ Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110000, China

Received:2023-09-12 Accepted:2023-12-17 Online:2024-10-20 Published:2024-09-11
About author:Zeli Li, E-mail: zelili2016@163.com; #Correspondence Zhiguang Liu, Tel: +86-538-8241531, E-mail: liuzhiguang8235126@126.com
Supported by:
he study was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD150050504), the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province, China (2022SFGC0301), and the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences - Development and Application Technology of Special Package Fertilizer for Improving Albic Soil (XDA28100203).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤微生物在生态系统功能中起着重要的作用。然而，钾肥施肥量梯度对小麦‒玉米轮作体系中土壤微生物群落的相对影响尚不清楚。在这项长期田间定位试验中（2008-2019），我们研究了土壤中细菌和真菌的多样性、组成和群落组合，沿着钾肥施肥量梯度（小麦季：K0，K1，K2，K3；不施钾肥，45，90，135 kg ha⁻¹ K₂O；玉米季：K0，K1，K2，K3；不施钾肥，150，300，450 kg ha⁻¹ K₂O），利用细菌16S rRNA和真菌ITS测序分析。研究发现，年平均土壤温度和降水量、速效钾、铵态氮、硝态氮和有机质等环境变量对土壤细菌和真菌群落有影响，且其影响因施肥和作物种类不同而存在差异。此外，小麦季参与土壤养分转化的细菌（放线菌门和α变形菌门）的相对丰度较玉米季显著增加，最佳钾肥施肥量（K2处理）提高了小麦季土壤养分转化相关细菌（乳酸杆菌属）和土壤反硝化相关细菌（变形菌门）的相对丰度。玉米季中促进根系生长和养分吸收的土壤细菌群落（Herbaspirillum属）丰度较小麦季有所提高，K2处理提高了玉米季土壤养分转化相关（MND1属）和土壤氮循环相关（Nitrospira属）的细菌丰度。结果表明，小麦‒玉米轮作体系下细菌和真菌群落在钾肥施肥量梯度上表现出不同的敏感性和组装机制，其中土壤微生境对作物产量的影响最大，钾肥的施用使小麦和玉米产量分别提高了11.2-22.6%和9.2-23.8%。这些模式受不同气象因子和施钾量梯度下土壤养分变化的共同影响。

Abstract:

Soil microorganisms play critical roles in ecosystem function. However, the relative impact of the potassium (K) fertilizer gradient on the microbial community in wheat‒maize double-cropping systems remains unclear. In this long-term field experiment (2008–2019), we researched bacterial and fungal diversity, composition, and community assemblage in the soil along a K fertilizer gradient in the wheat season (K0, no K fertilizer; K1, 45 kg ha⁻¹ K₂O; K2, 90 kg ha⁻¹ K₂O; K3, 135 kg ha⁻¹ K₂O) and in the maize season (K0, no K fertilizer; K1, 150 kg ha⁻¹ K₂O; K2, 300 kg ha⁻¹ K₂O; K3, 450 kg ha⁻¹ K₂O) using bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal internally transcribed spacer (ITS) data. We observed that environmental variables, such as mean annual soil temperature (MAT) and precipitation, available K, ammonium, nitrate, and organic matter, impacted the soil bacterial and fungal communities, and their impacts varied with fertilizer treatments and crop species. Furthermore, the relative abundance of bacteria involved in soil nutrient transformation (phylum Actinobacteria and class Alphaproteobacteria) in the wheat season was significantly increased compared to the maize season, and the optimal K fertilizer dosage (K2 treatment) boosted the relative bacterial abundance of soil nutrient transformation (genus Lactobacillus) and soil denitrification (phylum Proteobacteria) bacteria in the wheat season. The abundance of the soil bacterial community promoting root growth and nutrient absorption (genus Herbaspirillum) in the maize season was improved compared to the wheat season, and the K2 treatment enhanced the bacterial abundance of soil nutrient transformation (genus MND1) and soil nitrogen cycling (genus Nitrospira) genera in the maize season. The results indicated that the bacterial and fungal communities in the double-cropping system exhibited variable sensitivities and assembly mechanisms along a K fertilizer gradient, and microhabitats explained the largest amount of the variation in crop yields, and improved wheat‒maize yields by 11.2–22.6 and 9.2–23.8% with K addition, respectively. These modes are shaped contemporaneously by the different meteorological factors and soil nutrient changes in the K fertilizer gradients.

Key words: potassium fertilizer gradient , microbial community , wheat–maize double cropping , climate change , yield

Zeli Li, Fuli Fang, Liang Wu, Feng Gao, Mingyang Li, Benhang Li, Kaidi Wu, Xiaomin Hu, Shuo Wang, Zhanbo Wei, Qi Chen, Min Zhang, Zhiguang Liu. 土壤微生物群落、养分供应和作物产量在小麦‒玉米轮作体系中对钾肥梯度的不同响应[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(10): 3592-3609.

Zeli Li, Fuli Fang, Liang Wu, Feng Gao, Mingyang Li, Benhang Li, Kaidi Wu, Xiaomin Hu, Shuo Wang, Zhanbo Wei , Qi Chen, Min Zhang, Zhiguang Liu. The microbial community, nutrient supply and crop yields differ along a potassium fertilizer gradient under wheat–maize double-cropping systems[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(10): 3592-3609.

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土壤微生物群落、养分供应和作物产量在小麦‒玉米轮作体系中对钾肥梯度的不同响应

The microbial community, nutrient supply and crop yields differ along a potassium fertilizer gradient under wheat–maize double-cropping systems

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