Abstract: 【Objective】Nine fertilization treatments including fertilizers, manure, maize straw on nutrient balance and nutrient efficiency in wheat-maize rotation system were studied. 【Method】 Long-term fertilization experiments in alluvial soil were started in 1990 in experimental farm in Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Zhengzhou of China′s Hennan Province.【Result】The results showed that the mean inputs of P was 2.4-3.1 kg·ha-1, and 16.7-21.6 kg·ha-1 of P were absorbed by wheat and maize, thus resulting in the shortage of 14.3-18.5 kg·ha-1 of P nutrient, annually in treatments without P fertilizer application after 14 years of wheat-maize rotation. Except 78 kg·ha-1 and 107 kg·ha-1 (1.5MNPK) of P nutrient from P fertilizer, the P nutrient from manure, maize straw, rain water and irrigations, seeds were about 2.7-134 kg·ha-1 entered into soil annually, in which 9.2%-38.3% were recovered by wheat and maize. The accumulated recovery rate of P in wheat was 4.4%-50.8%, varied greatly with different fertilization, the order was: NPK>NP>SNPK>MNPK>1.5MNPK>PK; The accumulated recovery rate of P in maize was 13.4%-36.1%, and the order was: 1.5MNPK> SNPK>NPK> NP> MNPK>PK. 【Conclusion】 It is concluded that the more the amount of P nutrient input, the lower the P use efficiency. Among the P entered in soil, there were appropriately 52-210 kg·ha-1 of P accumulated in 0-40 cm soil annually, 38%-60% changed into soil total P (H2SO4-HClO4 method), 6.7%-13.6% transformed into available-P with more in manure and less in inorganic fertilization treatments; At least 40%-62% of phosphate were extravagant.

Key words: Long-term fertilization experiment, Fluvo-aquic soil, Phosphate nutrient, Utilization, Accumulation