江苏小麦品种的抗病基因分子检测

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.13.001

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Wheat is a crucial food crop in China, and its production security is closely tied to national food security. Jiangsu Province, a major wheat-producing region in eastern China, frequently suffers from diseases outbreaks due to its humid climate. Fusarium head blight (FHB), Stripe rust, and Powdery mildew are the primary diseases causing severe yield losses and quality degradation. Breeding and deploying multi-resistant varieties are the most economical and effective strategy for disease control. This study aimed to evaluate the comprehensive resistance of wheat varieties approved in Jiangsu over the past decade to these three diseases and to clarify the distribution and pyramiding of corresponding resistance genes using molecular markers, thereby providing a scientific basis and elite parental materials for disease resistance breeding in the region.【Method】Based on the approval data of 185 wheat varieties released in Jiangsu from 2014 to 2023, statistical analyses were conducted on their resistance levels to FHB, Stripe rust, and Powdery mildew. Varieties exhibiting resistance to at least two of these diseases were identified as “multi-resistant”. From 49 multi-resistant varieties, 44 germplasm accessions were selected for molecular detection. Specific markers were used to detect the FHB resistance gene Fhb1, the Powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21, and the Stripe rust resistance genes Yr5, Yr9, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, and Yr30. Experimental procedures included genomic DNA extraction using the CTAB method, optimized PCR systems and protocols, and the inclusion of known positive controls to ensure detection accuracy.【Result】According to the approval data, 53.52%, 43.92%, and 9.72% of the tested varieties showed resistance to Fusarium head blight, Stripe rust, and Powdery mildew, respectively. Five varieties (Ninghongmai 618, Yanmai 1902, Zhongyanmai 238, Yanmai 1903, and Ningmaizi 166) demonstrated resistance to all three diseases, and 49 varieties were resistant to at least two. Molecular marker detection indicated that all 44 multi-resistant accessions carried multiple resistance genes. Pm21, Yr5, Yr17, Yr18, and Yr26 were detected in all materials. Fhb1 was present in 84.1% of accessions, Yr15 in 93.2%, and Yr30 in 88.6%, while Yr9 was found in only three accessions. Notably, the varieties Xumai DH9 and Xumai 100 carried all nine tested resistance genes, demonstrating outstanding genetic potential for disease resistance and highlighting their suitability as ideal parental lines for multi-resistance breeding.【Conclusion】This study confirmed that the approved wheat varieties in Jiangsu Province have rich and unique gene resources for disease resistance through systematic molecular detection. It shows that the wheat varieties approved in Jiangsu province have high breeding and utilization potential. Their potential disease-resistant gene pool has not been fully developed. Based on this study, the screened wheat varieties can serve as a reserve germplasm bank, providing strong genetic support for future multi-resistance breeding in Jiangsu and East China, and alleviating the current challenge of limited sources of disease-resistant varieties.

Key words: wheat, approved varieties, disease resistance analysis, disease resistance gene, gibberellic disease, Stripe rust, Powdery mildew

TAN YaNing, ZHANG BaoLong, CAO AiZhong, REN RunSheng. Molecular Detection of Disease Resistance Genes in Wheat Varieties Approved in Jiangsu Province[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(13): 2763-2775.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Fig. 2

Table 3

Fig. 3

Table 4

Table 5

Varieties with concurrent resistance and their resistance performance to three diseases"

品种 Variety	赤霉病抗性 Fusarium head blight resistance	条锈病抗性 Stripe rust resistance	白粉病抗性 Powdery mildew resistance
宁红麦618 Ninghongmai 618	MR	HR	R
盐麦1902 Yanmai 1902	MR	MR	R
中研麦238 Zhongyanmai 238	MR	MR	MR
盐麦1903 Yanmai 1903	MR	MR	MR
宁麦资166 Ningmaizi 166	MR	MR	R
金丰麦4号 Jinfengmai 4	MR	MR	MS
华麦23 Huamai 23	MR	HR	HS
农麦988 Nongmai 988	MR	HR	HS
盐麦7号 Yanmai 7	MR	MR	MS
镇麦23 Zhenmai 23	MR	MR	HS
瑞华麦529 Ruihuamai 529	MR	HR	HS
宁麦42 Ningmai 42	MR	MR	MS
扬辐麦25 Yangfumai 25	MR	HR	HS
金丰麦5号 Jinfengmai 5	MR	HR	HS
辉丰麦156 Huifengmai 156	MR	MR	S
宁紫麦160 Ningzimai 160	MR	HR	HS
镇麦29 Zhenmai 29	MR	MR	HS
扬辐麦23 Yangfumai 23	MR	MR	HS
盛麦6号 Shengmai 6	MR	MR	HS
扬辐麦21 Yangfumai 21	MR	MR	S
宁麦37 Ningmai 37	MR	MR	HS
扬富麦106 Yangfumai 106	MR	MR	HS
扬辐麦20 Yangfumai 20	MR	MR	HS
镇麦25 Zhenmai 25	MR	MR	HS
镇麦21 Zhenmai 21	MR	MR	HS
宁麦38 Ningmai 38	MR	MR	MS
徐麦DH2 Xumai DH2	MR	HR	HS
瑞华麦595 Ruihuamai 595	MR	HR	HS
镇麦26 Zhenmai 26	MR	MR	HS
扬辐麦19 Yangfumai 19	MR	MS	MR
兴农麦9号 Xingnongmai 9	MR	MR	HS
宁丰麦1号 Ningfengmai 1	MR	MS	MR
扬辐麦13 Yangfumai 13	MR	MS	HR
华麦11 Huamai 11	MR	MS	R
徐麦100 Xumai 100	MR	HR	HS
连麦12 Lianmai 12	MR	MR	HS
扬糯麦2号 Yangnuomai 2	MR	MS	R
农麦180 Nongmai 180	MR	HS	R
续表5 Continued table 5
品种 Variety	赤霉病抗性 Fusarium head blight resistance	条锈病抗性 Stripe rust resistance	白粉病抗性 Powdery mildew resistance
徐麦DH9 Xumai DH9	MR	MR	HS
泰麦901 Taimai 901	MR	MR	HS
宁麦33 Ningmai 33	MR	MS	HR
盐麦1号 Yanmai 1	MR	MS	HR
镇麦18 Zhenmai 18	MR	MS	MR
宁紫麦1号Ningzimai 1	MR	MR	HS
扬辐麦15 Yangfumai 15	MR	MS	HR
扬麦34 Yangmai 34	MR	HS	HR
扬麦30 Yangmai 30	MR	HR	HS
金丰麦1号 Jinfengmai 1	MR	HR	HS
江丰麦1号 Jiangfengmai 1	MR	MR	HS
农麦156 Nongmai 156	MR	HR	HS
瑞华麦596 Ruihuamai 596	MR	HR	HS
扬江麦586 Yangjiangmai 586	MR	HS	R
隆麦39 Longmai 39	MR	MR	HS
佳源麦1号Jiayuanmai 1	MR	HR	HS

Table 5

Table 6

Origins of 44 wheat varieties in Jiangsu Province and detection results of disease resistance genes"

序号 No.	品系 Line	系谱 Pedigree	基因检测 Gene detection
1	宁红麦618 Ninghongmai 618	镇麦9号/扬08-4 Zhenmai 9/Yang 08-4	Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26
2	盐麦1903 Yanmai 1903	生选6号/镇麦10号 Shengxuan 6/Zhenmai 10	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
3	农麦988 Nongmai 988	扬麦20/镇麦168 Yangmai 20/Zhenmai 168	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
4	镇麦23 Zhenmai 23	镇麦15系统选育 Breeding of Zhenmai 15 System	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26
5	瑞华麦529 Ruihuamai 529	宁麦3号/瑞华麦590 Ningmai 3/Ruihuamai 590	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
6	宁麦42 Ningmai 42	生选6号/宁09130//宁09121 Shengxuan 6/Ning 09130//Ning 09121	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
7	扬辐麦23 Yangfumai 23	（内麦9号/扬辐麦5号）F₁种子辐照 (Seed irradiation of Neimai 9/Yangfumai 5) F_1：Seed irradiation	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
8	盛麦6号 Shengmai 6	扬麦16号/镇麦6号 Yangmai 16/Zhenmai No.6	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr9, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26
9	扬辐麦21 Yangfumai 21	扬麦22/扬辐麦10-2559 Yangmai 22/Yangfumai 10-2559	Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
10	宁麦37 Ningmai 37	宁麦13//宁麦13/扬麦20 Ningmai 13//Ningmai 13/Yangmai 20	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
11	扬富麦106 Yangfumai 106	镇麦4号变异株 Zhenmai 4 mutant	Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26
12	扬辐麦20 Yangfumai 20	（扬麦22/镇麦9号）F₂播前辐照 (Yangmai 22/ Zhenmai 9) F₂ pre-sowing irradiation	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
13	镇麦25 Zhenmai 25	扬辐麦8004/保计0601 Yangfumai 8004/Baoji 0601	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
14	镇麦21 Zhenmai 21	镇麦9号/镇麦8号 Zhenmai 9/Zhenmai 8	Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
15	宁麦38 Ningmai 38	镇05185/生选6号 Zhen 05185/Shengxuan 6	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
16	镇麦26 Zhenmai 26	扬辐麦8004/保计0601 Yangfumai 8004/Baoji 0601	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
序号 No.	品系 Line	系谱 Pedigree	基因检测 Gene detection
17	扬辐麦19 Yangfumai 19	（扬麦22/扬辐麦9244）F₁辐照 (Yang mai 22/ Yangfumai 9244) F₁ irradiation	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
18	盐麦1号 Yanmai 1	071T-159/镇麦168 071T-159/Zhenmai 168	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
19	宁紫麦1号 Ningzimai 1	宁麦8号/宁0726 Ningmai 8/Ning 0726	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
20	徐麦DH9 Xumai DH9	H35/矮抗58 BC₂F₁//徐麦1108 H35/Aikang 58 BC₂F₁//Xumai 1108	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr9, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
21	华麦11 Huamai 11	淮麦19/扬麦13 Huaimai 19/Yangmai 13	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
22	扬辐麦13 Yangfumai 13	（扬辐麦4号/镇麦9号）F₁辐照 (Yangfumai 4/Zhenmai 9) F₁ irradiation	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
23	金丰麦1号 Jinfengmai 1	小簇麦/扬麦158//意大利（引5） Small cluster wheat/Young Mai 158 //Italian (cited 5)	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
24	徐麦100 Xumai 100	徐麦30/徐麦114427 Xumai 30/Xumai 114427	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr9, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
25	瑞华麦596 Ruihuamai 596	镇麦10号/扬麦20 Zhenmai 10/Yangmai 20	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
26	连麦12 Lianmai 12	刘虎98/西农4711//生选6号/漯38 Liu Hu 98/Xinong 4711//Shengxuan 6/Luo38	Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26
27	宁麦资166 Ningmaizi 166	IDO580-22/宁麦13//镇麦6号/3/偃高1号/烟农159//优繁5号/农大糯麦1号 IDO580-22/Ningmai 13//Zhenmai 6 /3/Yangao 1/Yannong 159// Youfan 5/Nongda Nuomai 1	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
28	扬麦30 Yangmai 30	扬09纹1009/扬麦18 Yang 09 Wen 1009/Yangmai 18	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
29	宁麦33 Ningmai 33	宁0798/宁麦14 Ning 0798/Ningmai 14	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
30	扬麦34 Yangmai 34	扬麦18//扬麦18/元友-2 Yangmai 18//Yangmai 18/Yuanyou -2	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
31	镇麦18 Zhenmai 18	镇麦168/扬麦11 Zhenmai 168/Yangmai 11	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
32	扬辐麦15 Yangfumai 15	（镇麦9号/扬辐麦7298）F₁辐照 (Zhenmai 9/Yangfumai 7298) F₁ irradiation	Pm21, Yr5, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
33	盐麦1902 Yanmai 1902	宁麦21/扬辐麦9144 Ningmai 21/Yangfumai 9144	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
34	盐麦7号 Yanmai 7	扬麦18/镇麦9号 Yangmai 18/Zhenmai 9	Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
35	宁紫麦160 Ningzimai 160	青海紫麦/宁0775 Qinghai Zimai/Ning 0775	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
36	镇麦29 Zhenmai 29	镇麦4号/豫麦29I系 Zhenmai 4/Yumai 29I Line	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
37	宁丰麦1号 Ningfengmai 1	扬辐麦5242/镇05185 Yangfumai 5242/Zhen 05185	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
38	扬糯麦2号 Yangnuomai 2	镇麦9号2/4/扬麦18/3/宁麦142//IKE/白火麦 Zhenmai 9 2/4/Yangmai 18/3/Ningmai 142//IKE/Baihuomai	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
39	农麦180 Nongmai 180	镇麦168/华麦5号 Zhenmai 168/Huamai 5	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
40	泰麦901 Taimai 901	镇麦9号/7408 Zhenmai 9/7408	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
41	江丰麦1号 Jiangfengmai 1	扬麦16/宁麦14 Yang Mai 16/Ningmai 14	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
42	农麦156 Nongmai 156	扬辐麦4号/扬麦16 Yangfumai 4/Yangmai 16	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
43	扬江麦586 Yangjiangmai 586	生选3号变异株系选 Selection of mutant strain Shengxuan No.3	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30
44	隆麦39 Longmai 39	内麦9号/扬辐麦5号F₁辐照 Neimai 9/F₁ irradiation of Yangfumai No.5	Fhb1, Pm21, Yr5, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr30

Table 6

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Molecular Detection of Disease Resistance Genes in Wheat Varieties Approved in Jiangsu Province

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基因 Gene	染色体 Chromosome	引物序列 Primer sequence (5′-3′)	退火温度 Tm (℃)	参考文献 References
Fhb1	3BS	F:ATGCGTGCGCTGTACTTG R:CGTCACAGAGTCCAGTGAAA	65	[21]
Pm21	6V	F:GCCATTATAGTCAAGAGTGCACTAGCTGT R:AGCTCCTCTCGTTCTCCAATGCT	58	[22]
Yr5	2BL	F:CAATAGTTAGGCAAATTACATCG R:TGCAAAGTACCTCATTTTGAGAA	56	[23]
Yr9	1B	F:GGAGACATCATGAAACATTTG R:CTGTTGTTGGGCAGAAAG	58	[24]
Yr15	1BS	F:ATTGGACGGACAGATGCTTT R:AGCAGTGAGGAAGGGGATC	57	[25]
Yr17	2NS	F:AGGGGCTACTGACCAAGGCT R:TGCAGCTACAGCAGTATGTACACAAAA	59	[26]
Yr18	7DS	F:GTTGGTTAAGACTGGTGATGG R:TGCTTGCTATTGCTGAATAGT	57	[27]
Yr26	1B	F:GGGACAAGGGGAGTTGAAGC R:GAGAGTTCCAAGCAGAACAC	60	[28]
Yr30	3BS	F:AAGGCGAATCAAACGGAATA R:GTTGCTTTAGGGGAAAAGCC	61	[29]

年份 Year	抗 R	中抗 MR	感 S	中感 MS	总计 Total
2014	/	1	6	1	8
2015	/	1	4	2	7
2016	/	4	/	3	7
2017	/	4	1	5	10
2018	1	5	3	2	11
2019	/	8	3	/	11
2020	/	14	13	5	32
2021	/	21	1	7	29
2022	/	21	4	16	41
2023	/	19	5	5	29
总计Total	1	98	40	46	185

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