多因素管理下大兴安岭南麓玉米种植密度及耐密抗倒品种选择

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.24.004

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to explore the suitable planting density of maize in the southern foothills of the Greater Khingan Mountains under multi-factor management and tap its yield potential, for providing a theoretical basis to reasonably select varieties under high-density planting conditions.【Method】Relying on the variety screening and density gradient experiments carried out in the Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Park of Zhalaite Banner from 2022 to 2024, a total of 4 planting densities, namely 7.2×10⁴, 8.3×10⁴, 9.2×10⁴ and 10.4×10⁴ plants/hm², were selected and divided into 3 density gradients: low density (7.2×10⁴ plants/hm²), medium density (8.3×10⁴ and 9.2×10⁴ plants/hm²), and high density (10.4×10⁴ plants/hm²). A total of 138 maize varieties and 252 samples were used. Data analysis was conducted on the plants height, ear position, lodging index, ear formation rate, yield, and yield-contributing factors of each sample.【Result】There was an extremely significant correlation between yield-contributing factors and planting density (P<0.01). There was a linear regression relationship between the number of harvested ears and the planting density, and its regression equation was y=0.765x+0.8577, with R² being 0.4986. Therefore, it could be predicted that between 7.2×10⁴ and 10.4×10⁴ plants/hm², for every 2×10⁴ plants/hm² increase in planting density, the number of harvested ears increases by 2.39×10⁴ ears/hm². There was an extremely significant correlation between yield and planting density (P<0.01). The yield showed an increasing trend with the increase in planting density. Compared with the average yield at low density, the yields of maize at high and medium densities increased significantly by 16.85% and 8.68%, respectively (P<0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between the ear formation rate and the planting density (P<0.05). The ear formation rate ranged from 85.53% to 90.46%, with an average of 87.08%. The yield increase slowed down after the number of harvested ears reached 8.62×10⁴ ears/hm². Based on calculation of the average ear formation rate of 86.01% at high planting density, the maximum planting density in the southern foothills of the Greater Khingan Mountains should not exceed 10.02×10⁴ plants/hm². There was an extremely significant negative correlation between planting density and plants height (P<0.01), and there was no correlation between planting density and ear position height or the ear position height coefficient. When the plants height was ≥314 cm, maize began to lodge. Within the range of 314-404 cm, for every 15 cm increase in plants height, the lodging degree increased by 3.88%. At low planting density, there was a significant positive correlation between the number of grains per ear, 100-grain weight, and yield (P<0.05). At medium density, there was an extremely significant positive correlation between the number of harvested ears, 100-grain weight, and yield (P<0.01). At high density, there was no significant correlation between yield and each factor. The impact of planting density on yield was greater than that of lodging degree. The lodging of maize caused by changes in planting density mainly affected the yield by influencing the number of harvested ears per mu, while the lodging of maize caused by the increase in plants height mainly affected the yield by influencing the number of grains per ear.【Conclusion】In the southern foothills of the Greater Khingan Mountains, when the planting density was low, varieties with a high number of grains per ear and high 100-grain weight should be selected to ensure maize yield. When the density was increased to 8.3×10⁴-9.2×10⁴ plants/hm², the ear formation rate should be improved as much as possible to ensure the number of harvested ears. When the planting density was further increased, on the basis of selecting density-tolerant varieties and ensuring the number of harvested ears, precise management should be carried out to ensure the balanced development of each yield-contributing factor, so as to obtain an ideal yield. However, the maximum planting density should not exceed 10.02×10⁴ plants/hm². Meanwhile, when the plants height of the planting variety was ≥314 cm, measures should be taken to prevent lodging.

Key words: Greater Khingan Mountains, spring maize, multi-factor management, planting density, lodging, yield

TIAN Lei, SHAO Xin, ZHOU YiMin, MIAO XiuZhen, JI Nan, WANG Hao, SHI MingShuai, ZHANG YueZhong. Selection of Maize Planting Density and Dense-Planting Tolerant and Lodging-Resistant Varieties in the Southern Foothills of the Greater Khingan Mountains under Multi-Factor Management[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(24): 5143-5155.

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Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1

Table 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Table 2

Table 3

Impact coefficients of planting density, lodging degree and cultivar characteristics on maize yield"

影响路径 Influence path	直接影响系数 Direct influence coefficient	直接影响系数 Direct influence coefficient	直接影响系数 Direct influence coefficient	间接影响系数 Indirect influence coefficient	总影响系数 Total influence coefficient
种植密度→百粒重→产量 Planting density→100-seed weight→yield	0.181**	0.786**	-	0.142	0.265
种植密度→穗粒数→产量 Planting density→kernels per spike→yield	-0.499**	0.863	-	-0.431
种植密度→收获穗数→产量 Planting density→effective panicles number→yield	0.571**	0.970**	-	0.554
倒伏程度→百粒重→产量 Degree of lodging→100-seed weight→yield	-0.149*	0.786**	-	-0.117	-0.027
倒伏程度→穗粒数→产量 Degree of lodging→kernels per spike→yield	0.247**	0.863	-	0.213
倒伏程度→收获穗数→产量 Degree of lodging→effective panicles number→yield	-0.127**	0.970**	-	-0.123
株型→百粒重→产量 Plant type→100-seed weight→yield	-0.221*	0.786**	-	-0.174	-0.174
株型→穗粒数→产量 Plant type→kernels per spike→yield	0.168	0.863	-	0.146
株型→收获穗数→产量 Plant type→effective panicles number→yield	-0.008	0.970**	-	-0.010
株高→百粒重→产量 Plant height→100-seed weight→yield	0.188	0.786**	-	0.148	-0.130
株高→穗粒数→产量 Plant height→kernels per spike→yield	0.011	0.863	-	0.010
株高→收获穗数→产量 Plant height→effective panicles number→yield	-0.134**	0.970**	-	-0.130
种植密度→倒伏程度→百粒重→产量 Planting density→degree of lodging→100-seed weight→yield	-0.221**	-0.149	0.786**	0.026	0.006
种植密度→倒伏程度→穗粒数→产量 Planting density→degree of lodging→kernels per spike→yield	-0.221**	0.247	0.863	-0.047
种植密度→倒伏程度→收获穗数→产量 Planting density→degree of lodging→effective panicles number→yield	-0.221**	-0.127	0.970**	0.027
株型→倒伏程度→百粒重→产量 Plant type→degree of lodging→100-seed weight→yield	-0.094	-0.149	0.786**	0.011	0.000
株型→倒伏程度→穗粒数→产量 Plant type→degree of lodging→kernels per spike→yield	-0.094	0.247	0.863	-0.020
株型→倒伏程度→收获穗数→产量 Plant type→degree of lodging→effective panicles number→yield	-0.094	-0.127	0.970**	0.012
株高→倒伏程度→百粒重→产量 Plant height→degree of lodging→100-seed weight→yield	0.292**	-0.149	0.786**	-0.034	-0.008
株高→倒伏程度→穗粒数→产量 Plant height→degree of lodging→kernels per spike→yield	0.292**	0.247	0.863	0.062
株高→倒伏程度→收获穗数→产量 Plant height→degree of lodging→effective panicles number→yield	0.292**	-0.127	0.970**	-0.036

Table 3

Fig. 8

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种植密度 Planting density (×10⁴ plants/hm²)	收获穗数 Effective panicles number	穗粒数 Kernels per spike	百粒重 100-seed weight	株高 Plant height	穗位高 Ear height	穗位高系数 Ear height coefficient
7.2	0.200	0.373*	0.622**	-0.060	0.350	0.120
8.3	0.555**	0.040	0.468**	-0.090	-0.150	-0.150
9.2	0.497**	0.090	0.358**	-0.030	0.150	0.040
10.4	0.210	0.300	0.370	0.470	0.460	0.550
7.2-10.4	0.472**	-0.020	0.409**	0.004	-0.057	-0.011

Selection of Maize Planting Density and Dense-Planting Tolerant and Lodging-Resistant Varieties in the Southern Foothills of the Greater Khingan Mountains under Multi-Factor Management

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年份 Year	品种数量 Number of varieties	种植密度 Planting density (×10⁴ plants/hm²)	样本数量 Number of samples
2022	30	7.2	30
2023	32	9.2	32
2024	96	8.3、9.2、10.4	190