行比配置对玉米大豆带状复合种植系统冠层光合特性及产量形成的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.23.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the effects of different row ratio configurations on canopy light distribution, layer-specific photosynthesis, and crop yield formation in a maize-soybean strip intercropping system, thereby providing a theoretical basis for high-yield and high-light-efficiency cultivation. 【Method】 A field experiment was conducted under field conditions during the 2023-2024 growing seasons, with monoculture maize (SM) and monoculture soybean (SS) serving as controls. Four maize-soybean strip intercropping configurations were established: four rows of maize with six rows of soybean (4M6S), four rows of maize with four rows of soybean (4M4S), three rows of maize with four rows of soybean (3M4S), and two rows of maize with four rows of soybean (2M4S). The planting density of maize was consistently maintained at 67 500 plants/hm² across all intercropping treatments. The soybean planting densities under SS, 4M6S, 4M4S, 3M4S, and 2M4S treatments were 160 000, 153 144, 128 351, 151 068, and 183 556 plants/hm², respectively, and the effects of different row ratios on the light distribution, photosynthetic performance and yield in the canopy of the composite population were analyzed. 【Result】 The 4M4S treatment resulted in a higher leaf area index (LAI) and greater light transmittance in the middle canopy layer in maize. The LAI under 4M4S was 4.07%, 4.41%, 4.71%, and 5.46% higher than that under 4M6S, 3M4S, 2M4S, and SM, respectively. At the R1 stage, the light transmittance at the ear leaf of maize under 4M4S was 9.76%, 21.11%, 46.83%, and 48.16% higher than that under SM, 2M4S, 4M6S, and 3M4S, respectively. Concurrently, the 4M4S treatment enhanced the net photosynthetic rate of the lower leaves in maize, which was 10.45% and 8.58% higher than that under 3M4S and 4M6S, respectively. The overall radiation use efficiency (RUE) under 4M4S was 1.38%, 6.69%, and 8.01% higher than that under 4M6S, 3M4S, and 2M4S, respectively, demonstrating a stronger photosynthetic capacity under this treatment. The 4M4S treatment achieved the highest yields for both maize and soybean. The two-year average maize yields for 4M6S, 4M4S, 3M4S, and 2M4S were 8.88, 9.22, 8.44, and 8.86 t·hm^-2, respectively, while the corresponding soybean yields were 1.44, 1.44, 1.37, and 1.29 t·hm^-2, respectively. The land equivalent ratio (LER) for all intercropping patterns exceeded 1.27. Row ratio configuration significantly influenced interspecific relationships between maize and soybean. The aggressivity of maize relative to soybean under 3M4S, 4M6S, and 2M4S treatment was 3.91, 4.41, and 11.32 times that under 4M4S treatment, respectively. In 2023, the relative crowding coefficient was the smallest under 3M4S, followed by 4M4S; in 2024, the value for 4M4S was 3.19%, 10.58%, and 21.82% lower than that under 3M4S, 4M6S, and 2M4S, respectively. Thus, the 4M4S treatment effectively ensured maize yield while simultaneously increasing soybean production. 【Conclusion】 The 4M4S treatment enhanced maize light interception, thereby improving light transmittance within the middle and lower canopy layers of the maize population. This configuration enabled leaves across different canopy positions—both inner and outer rows—to maintain high photosynthetic capacity, while also preserving the photosynthetic performance of soybean plants. Consequently, the system's radiation use efficiency was significantly improved, and both crop yield and land equivalent ratio were markedly increased. Furthermore, this treatment resulted in the smallest values for interspecific competitiveness, relative crowding coefficient, and net effect among all configurations. Therefore, the 4M4S treatment was identified as the most suitable row ratio configuration under the experimental conditions.

Key words: maize-soybean intercropping, leaf area index, canopy light distribution, photosynthetic performance, yield

SONG XuHui, ZHAO XueYing, ZHAO Bin, REN BaiZhao, ZHANG JiWang, LIU Peng, REN Hao. Effects of Row Ratio Allocation on Light Distribution and Photosynthetic Production Capacity of Maize-Soybean Strip Intercropping[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(23): 4858-4871.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Table 2

Table 3

Soybean yield and its components under different models"

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	边内行处理 Side-in-line treatment	公顷株数 Actual ear (×10⁴·hm^-2)	株粒数 Number of grains per plant	百粒重 100-grain weight (g)	实际产量 Actual yield (t·hm^-2)
2023	SS	SS	14.37±0.42A	88.13±2.50A	26.18±0.25A	2.65±0.06A
		4M6S-SS	3.50±0.20b	70.67±3.10ab	23.96±0.49c	0.40±0.01c
		4M6S-SI1	3.90±0.01a	66.42±2.63b	24.89±0.55b	0.47±0.01b
		4M6S-SI2	3.81±0.07a	72.27±4.35a	25.85±0.21a	0.58±0.03a
	4M6S		11.19±0.22B	69.79±3.11C	24.90±0.19D	1.47±0.02B
		4M4S-SS	4.97±0.03b	72.27±4.77b	24.75±0.29a	0.68±0.02b
		4M4S-SI	5.13±0.14a	79.07±3.41a	24.71±0.32a	0.79±0.02a
	4M4S		10.80±0.19C	75.67±2.85B	24.73±0.10D	1.48±0.03B
		3M4S-SS	5.36±0.18ab	68.60±1.71a	24.79±0.25a	0.62±0.01b
		3M4S-SI	5.51±0.04a	68.87±1.62a	25.71±0.34a	0.77±0.02a
	3M4S		10.87±0.21C	68.73±1.33C	25.25±0.12C	1.38±0.02C
		2M4S-SS	4.95±0.17a	62.27±2.04b	25.87±0.34a	0.57±0.02b
		2M4S-SI	4.87±0.21ab	72.47±1.40a	25.97±0.48a	0.78±0.03a
	2M4S		10.81±0.27C	67.37±0.59C	25.92±0.06D	1.33±0.03D
2024	SS	SS	15.50±1.03A	106.17±5.88A	22.37±0.61BC	2.38±0.10A
		4M6S-SS	2.44±0.16b	43.67±3.20c	22.97±0.58a	0.32±0.01c
		4M6S-SI1	3.67±0.24a	52.83±2.99b	22.27±0.25b	0.44±0.01b
		4M6S-SI2	3.63±0.24a	63.67±3.08a	22.13±0.13b	0.65±0.03a
	4M6S		10.59±0.20C	63.22±5.21B	22.54±0.15A	1.41±0.05B
		4M4S-SS	5.54±0.25b	42.67±4.55b	22.26±0.16b	0.67±0.02b
		4M4S-SI	5.96±0.10a	54.33±4.59a	22.91±0.09a	0.72±0.01a
	4M4S		11.49±0.21B	57.83±2.93B	22.59±0.12A	1.39±0.03B
		3M4S-SS	5.31±0.42b	48.83±3.37ab	22.43±0.16b	0.57±0.01b
		3M4S-SI	6.34±0.31a	50.86±3.29a	22.86±0.16a	0.79±0.10a
	3M4S		11.65±0.19B	51.00±3.28B	22.65±0.06A	1.36±0.09B
		2M4S-SS	4.90±0.17b	48.86±5.21a	22.23±0.34b	0.54±0.02b
		2M4S-SI	5.43±0.06a	49.71±4.11a	23.25±0.37a	0.71±0.03a
	2M4S		10.33±0.12C	48.67±2.44B	22.74±0.39A	1.25±0.04C

Table 3

Table 4

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	边内行处理 Side-in-line treatment	公顷穗数 Actual ear (×10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Spike grain number	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	实际产量 Actual yield (t·hm^-2)
2023	SM		6.52±0.06A	644.22±4.83AB	336.35±1.17A	12.01±0.13A
		4M6S-MS	3.21±0.02b	564.34±2.55a	294.01±3.47a	4.99±0.19a
		4M6S-MI	3.44±0.03a	530.06±5.20b	278.09±2.91b	4.58±0.18b
	4M6S		6.65±0.04A	597.20±2.97B	286.05±0.57C	9.62±0.15C
		4M4S-MS	3.21±0.05b	565.84±2.90a	306.60±1.61a	5.33±0.16a
		4M4S-MI	3.34±0.03a	542.96±3.75b	286.01±1.30b	4.49±0.11b
	4M4S		6.56±0.03A	602.73±3.87A	295.31±0.86B	9.96±0.06B
		3M4S-MS	3.35±0.03a	545.60±2.23a	284.57±2.03a	4.96±0.20a
		3M4S-MI	3.23±0.06b	484.89±4.12b	271.64±3.71b	3.94±0.21b
	3M4S		6.58±0.75A	565.24±3.17D	278.11±1.10E	8.93±0.13E
	2M4S		6.61±0.11A	583.13±6.28C	281.51±0.67D	9.30±0.03D
2024	SM		6.56±0.10A	592.09±1.82A	269.07±0.68A	10.21±1.11A
		4M6S-MS	3.15±0.09b	546.36±4.34a	268.37±0.70a	4.33±0.14a
		4M6S-MI	3.37±0.07a	504.36±8.41b	257.92±1.15b	3.81±0.06b
	4M6S		6.53±0.05A	525.36±4.95C	263.10±0.82B	8.14±0.18BC
		4M4S-MS	3.19±0.03b	555.24±3.87a	265.58±3.10a	4.43±0.30a
		4M4S-MI	3.38±0.03a	516.13±6.16b	259.43±2.60ab	4.04±0.19b
	4M4S		6.57±0.01A	535.69±3.47B	262.50±2.69B	8.47±0.13B
		3M4S-MS	3.41±0.07a	488.04±3.77a	260.09±4.53a	4.01±0.09a
		3M4S-MI	3.20±0.06b	474.49±6.34b	249.56±1.19b	3.93±0.14ab
	3M4S		6.61±0.06A	481.27±3.33E	254.83±1.84C	7.94±0.09C
	2M4S		6.57±0.04A	478.44±4.18D	254.75±4.76C	8.41±0.10BC

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	辐射能值利用率 Solar energy utilization efficiency (%)	土地当量比 Land equivalent ratio	净效应 Net effect	攻击力 Ams	相对拥挤系数 Relative congestion factor
2023	4M6S	9.52±0.10b	1.36±0.01b	3822.09±109.10b	0.52±0.06b	5.20±0.19ab
	4M4S	9.70±0.09a	1.39±0.01a	3407.32±74.11c	0.12±0.02d	4.56±0.28b
	3M4S	8.89±0.13c	1.27±0.02c	2975.63±144.48d	0.44±0.02c	3.18±0.27c
	2M4S	8.87±0.12c	1.28±0.02c	4302.84±25.89a	1.14±0.04a	5.39±0.37a
	SM	5.23±0.01d
	SS	9.60±0.02b
2024	4M6S	8.57±0.26ab	1.38±0.01b	3275.38±146.16b	0.45±0.07b	5.67±0.42ab
	4M4S	8.64±0.16a	1.41±0.01a	2920.36±152.54c	0.10±0.02c	4.55±0.59bc
	3M4S	8.30±0.36b	1.34±0.02c	2980.25±116.74c	0.42±0.01b	4.70±0.46c
	2M4S	8.11±0.19c	1.27±0.03d	4005.18±130.52a	1.35±0.01a	5.82±0.72a
	SM	4.45±0.05d
	SS	8.62±0.04a

Effects of Row Ratio Allocation on Light Distribution and Photosynthetic Production Capacity of Maize-Soybean Strip Intercropping

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处理 Treatment	玉米种植密度 Maize planting density (plants/hm²)	大豆种植密度 Soybean planting density (plants/hm²)	带宽 Band width (cm)	玉米大豆行比 Maize- soybean row ratio	玉米大豆间距 Maize-soybean spacing (cm)	玉米行距 Maize row spacing (cm)	大豆行距 Soybean line spacing (cm)	玉米株距 Maize plant spacing (cm)	大豆株距 Soybean plant spacing (cm)
SM	67500	—	—	—	—	60	—	24.7	—
SS	—	160000	—	—	—	—	60	—	10
2M4S	67500	153144	279	2:4	70	40	33	10.6	10
3M4S	67500	128351	339	3:4	70	50	33	13.1	10
4M4S	67500	151068	399	4:4	70	80/40	33	14.9	10
4M6S	67500	183556	465	4:6	70	80/40	33	12.7	10

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