Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (13): 2630-2644.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.13.011

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Potassium Application on Root Rhizosphere Microbial Community Changes and Growth of Sugarcane

ZHAO Yong1,2(), ZHANG ZhongFu1,2, WANG YuTong1,2, AI Jing1,2, LIU JiaYong1,2, WU JianMing3, DENG Jun1,2(), ZHANG YueBin1,2()   

  1. 1 National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biological Breeding, Kunming 650000
    2 Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kaiyuan 661699, Yunnan
    3 Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007
  • Received:2024-09-02 Accepted:2024-10-10 Online:2025-07-01 Published:2025-07-05

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to explore the characteristics of changes in the bacterial and fungal communities and functions in the rhizosphere soil and their influences on sugarcane growth during the tillering stage under different potassium application levels, so as to provide a theoretical basis and production guidance for potassium application during the tillering stage of sugarcane. 【Method】 Using the new variety YZ1696 as the experimental material, a three-year continuous field trial was conducted during the sugarcane tillering stage, applying five different potassium fertilizer levels (0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 kg·hm-2) to investigate the effects on the growth rate of sugarcane, the structure and function of the rhizosphere soil bacterial and fungal community, and the sucrose yield of sugarcane. 【Result】 (1) Within two months after potassium application during the tillering stage, the absolute growth rate of sugarcane initially increased and then decreased as the potassium application level increased. After three consecutive years of targeted application of different potassium fertilizer treatments, the growth performance of new plantings, one-year-old ratoons, and two-year-old ratoons was consistent, showing that both the sugarcane yield and sucrose content first increased and then decreased with increasing potassium fertilization gradient, and the growth rate, yield, and sucrose content of sugarcane were the optimal under a potassium application of 150 kg·hm-2. (2) Different potassium application treatments had significantly influenced the abundance of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil and the composition of the microbial community and diversity. The differences in bacterial abundance mainly concentrated in Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, Nitrospirota, and Firmicutes, while the differences in fungal abundance mainly concentrated in Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Chytridiomycota. The structure and diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities exhibited a trend of decreasing first and then increasing with the increase in potassium application level, and a fertilization inflection point was at a potassium application of 150 kg·hm-2. (3) Correlation analysis between the abundance of the main microbial communities and the sucrose yield of sugarcane under different potassium application treatments indicated that the abundances of bacterial Actinobacteriota and fungal Proteobacteria, Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Chytridiomycota were significantly correlated with the sucrose yield of sugarcane. These microorganisms played positive roles in nitrogen fixation, organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and inhibition of pathogenic bacteria in the soil. 【Conclusion】 Appropriate potassium application during the tillering stage could improve the structure and function of the rhizosphere soil microbial community, thereby promoting sugarcane growth. However, different potassium application levels had varying effects on sugarcane yield, sucrose content, the functional microbial communities of bacteria and fungi, among which the potassium application level of 150 kg·hm-2 had the most significant effect on optimizing the structure of the soil microbial community and enhancing the sucrose yield of sugarcane.

Key words: potassium, sugarcane, growth rate, yield, rhizosphere microorganism

Fig. 1

Monthly average growth rate of sugarcane under different potassium application levels K-1, K-2, K-3, K-4, K-5 represents the K₂O application rate of 0, 75, 150, 225, 300 kg·hm-², respectively. The same as below"

Fig. 2

Sugarcane yield and sucrose under different potassium application levels A, B, and C represented sugarcane yield of new planting, ratoon 1, and ratoon 2, respectively; D, E, and F represented the sugarcane sucrose of new planting, ratoon 1, and ratoon 2, respectively. Different lowercase letters represent the significant difference between treatment (P<0.05). The same as below"

Fig. 3

Bacterial and fungal species diversity under different fertilization levels A: Alpha diversity analysis of rhizosphere bacterial communities; B: Beta diversity analysis of rhizosphere bacteria; C: Alpha diversity analysis of rhizosphere fungal communities; D: Beta diversity analysis of rhizosphere fungi"

Fig. 4

Difference analysis in rhizosphere microbial community abundance under different potassium application levels based on LDA Effect Size A and B represented the significant differences LDA value distribution bar charts for bacterial and fungal, respectively. C-G represented statistical results of bacterial biomarkers at the phylum level; H-J represented statistical results of fungal biomarkers on the phylum level."

Fig. 5

Correlation analysis between abundance of main rhizosphere microbial communities and sugarcane sugar yield under different potassium application levels"

Table 1

Functional query and analysis of major microbial communities"

微生物类型
Microbial types
群落类型
Community type
群落功能
Community function
响应施钾效应
Potassium response effect
甘蔗产糖量关系
Correlation with sugarcane sucrose content
细菌
Bacteria
变形菌门
Proteobacteria
1. 参与土壤矿质元素循环;2. 增强土壤固氮功能;3. 参与有机质分解;4. 参与氮、磷养分循环
1. Participate in soil mineral element cycling; 2. Enhance soil nitrogen fixation function; 3. Involved in organic matter decomposition; 4. Participate in nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient cycling
K-1水平下丰度最低,K-4水平下丰度最高
The abundance was lowest at the K-1 level and highest at the K-4 level
丰度和产糖量呈显著正相关关系
A significant positive correlation between microbial abundance and sugar yield
放线菌门
Actinobacteriota
1. 大部分是腐生菌,有少数是和某些植物共生的,也有是寄生菌,可致病,寄生菌一般是厌氧菌;2. 放线菌主要能促使土壤中的动物和植物遗骸腐烂
1. Most are saprophytic, with a few forming symbiotic relationships with certain plants, while others are parasitic and potentially pathogenic—parasitic species are typically anaerobic; 2. Actinomycetes primarily promote the decomposition of animal and plant residues in soil
K-3水平下丰度最低,K-1水平下最高
The abundance was lowest at the K-3 level and highest at the K-1 level
丰度和产糖量呈显著负相关关系
A significant negative correlation between microbial abundance and sugar yield
真菌
Fungal
担子菌门
Basidiomycota
1. 有害的担子菌如黑粉菌和锈菌,引起作物的黑穗病和锈病;2. 引起病害,许多大型的腐生真菌能引起木材腐烂
1. Pathogenic basidiomycetes such as smut fungi (Ustilago spp.) and rust fungi (Puccinia spp.) cause smut diseases and rust diseases in crops; 2. Wood-decaying fungi (primarily saprophytic macrofungi) are responsible for timber rot and other lignocellulose degradation diseases
K-1水平下丰度最高,K-3水平下丰度最低
The abundance was highest at K-1 level and lowest at the K-3 level
丰度和产糖量呈显著负相关关系
A significant negative correlation between microbial abundance and sugar yield
子囊菌门
Ascomycota
子囊菌门大多为腐生菌,是土壤中重要的分解者,可以分解难降解的有机质,在养分循环方面起着重要作用
Most Ascomycota are saprophytic fungi and serve as critical decomposers in soil. They specialize in breaking down recalcitrant organic matter, playing a pivotal role in nutrient cycling processes
K-3水平下丰度最高,K-1水平下丰度最低
The abundance was highest at the K-3 level and lowest at the K-1 level
丰度和产糖量呈正相关关系
A significant positive correlation between microbial abundance and sugar yield
壶菌门
Chytridiomycota
大多腐生在动植物残体上或寄生于水生植物、藻类、小动物和其他真菌上,少数寄生于高等种子植物上。大多数种类能分解纤维素和几丁质
Most species are saprophytic on plant/animal residues or parasitic on aquatic plants, algae, small animals, and other fungi, with a minority parasitizing higher seed plants. The majority possess cellulose- and chitin-degrading capabilities
K-3水平下丰度最高,K-1水平下丰度最低
The abundance was highest at the K-3 level and lowest at the K-1 level
丰度和产糖量呈正相关关系
A significant positive correlation between microbial abundance and sugar yield

Fig. 6

Model diagram of changes on rhizosphere soil microbial community under different potassium application levels and their impact on sugarcane growth"

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