干旱地区绿肥还田条件下减氮对玉米农艺性状、产量及籽粒品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.13.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 In order to seek a reasonable nitrogen application system suitable for high-yield and high-quality production of maize in arid areas, this study focused on the effects of reducing nitrogen application under the condition of returning green manure to the field on maize grain yield and quality, with a view to providing a theoretical basis for the regional development of nitrogen-saving, efficiency-enhancing, high-yield and high-quality agricultural production models. 【Method】 Field experiment were conducted at the Wuwei Oasis Agricultural Experiment Station from 2020 to 2022, and different nitrogen reduction rates were investigated under the condition of green manure returned to the field (Green manure retention with nitrogen reduction 0%, N100, 360 kg N·hm^-2; Green manure retention with nitrogen reduction 10%, N90, 324 kg N·hm^-2; Green manure retention with nitrogen reduction 20%, N80, 288 kg N·hm^-2; Green manure retention with nitrogen reduction 30%, N70, 252 kg N·hm^-2; and Green manure retention with nitrogen reduction 40%, N60, 216 kg N·hm^-2) on maize agronomic traits, yield components and grain quality. 【Result】 Compared with the N100 treatment, the N80 treatment ensured that maize plant height, stem diameters, and dry weight did not decrease, while the N70 treatment reduced them by 8.8%, 11.3%, and 16.4%, respectively, and the N60 treatment reduced them by 10.6%, 12.9%, and 21.3%, respectively. Among the yield components, there was no significant difference in maize bare top length among treatments; ear length, row number per ear, kernel number per row, and ear numbers under N100, N90, and N80 treatments were no significant difference too, but they were all significantly higher than those under N70 and N60 treatments. In addition, N80 treatment had the advantage of ensuring that the maize grain protein content was not reduced and fat content was increased while ensuring that maize yield was not reduced. And this system helped to reduce the amount of nitrogen accumulation in maize stems and leaves, and increased the amount of nitrogen accumulation in maize grain. Mantel test analysis revealed that maize grain yield, protein content, and fat content exhibited significant positive correlations (P<0.05, Mantel’s r>0.25) with nitrogen application rate, grain nitrogen accumulation, plant height, stem diameter, dry weight, ear length, and row number per ear. However, no significant correlations were observed with ear height, bare top length, or kernels number per row. Grey correlation analysis further showed that the ear numbers, plant dry weight and row number per ear were the key factors affecting maize kernel yield. 【Conclusion】 In the context of sustainable agriculture, reducing nitrogen by 20% under the condition of returning green manure to the field (288 kg N·hm^-2) could be used as a reasonable nitrogen management system for developing nitrogen-saving and input-reducing, high-yield and high-quality agriculture in arid areas.

Key words: green manure, nitrogen fertilizer, maize, yield, grain quality, nitrogen accumulation

WANG PengFei, YU AiZhong, WANG Feng, WANG YuLong, LÜ HanQiang, SHANG YongPan, Yin Bo, LIU YaLong, ZHANG DongLing, HUO JianZhe, JIANG KeQiang, PANG XiaoNeng. Effects of Reducing Nitrogen Application on Maize Agronomic Traits, Grain Yield and Quality Under Green Manure Returning to Field System in Arid Areas[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(13): 2552-2563.

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References 36

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灌溉次数 Irrigation frequency	玉米Maize		小麦Wheat		箭筈豌豆Common vetch
灌溉次数 Irrigation frequency	灌溉时期 Irrigation stage	灌溉定额 Irrigation quota (mm)	灌溉时期 Irrigation stage	灌溉定额 Irrigation quota (mm)	灌溉时期 Irrigation stage	灌溉定额 Irrigation quota (mm)
1	拔节期Jointing	90	苗期Seedling	75	苗期Seedling	70
2	大喇叭口期Big trumpet	75	孕穗期Booting	90	现蕾期Budding	90
3	抽雄期Tasseling	90	灌浆期Filling	75	/	/
4	吐丝期Silking	75	/	/	/	/
5	灌浆期Filling	75	/	/	/	/

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	叶片Leaf		茎Stem		籽粒Grain		总积累量 Total accumulation (kg·hm^-2)
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	氮素积累量 N accumulation (kg·hm^-2)	分配比例 Distribution ratio (%)	氮素积累量 N accumulation (kg·hm^-2)	分配比例 Distribution ratio (%)	氮素积累量 N accumulation (kg·hm^-2)	分配比例 Distribution ratio (%)	总积累量 Total accumulation (kg·hm^-2)
2020	N100	77.8c	17.2c	49.5b	10.9c	325.0a	71.8a	452.4a
	N90	79.2c	17.6c	49.1b	10.9c	322.2a	71.5a	450.5a
	N80	78.3c	17.3c	47.8b	10.6c	326.0a	72.1a	452.0a
	N70	88.0b	21.0b	69.8a	16.6b	261.7b	62.4b	419.6b
	N60	98.2a	24.8a	72.6a	18.4a	224.7c	56.8c	395.5c
2021	N100	59.9c	14.0c	48.7b	11.4b	319.4a	74.6b	428.1a
	N90	60.3c	13.9c	47.5b	11.0bc	325.2a	75.1b	433.0a
	N80	57.0d	13.5c	40.0c	9.5c	324.8a	77.0a	421.8a
	N70	65.7b	17.2b	59.2a	15.5a	257.1b	67.3c	382.0b
	N60	78.5a	22.5a	56.7a	16.2a	214.2c	61.3d	349.3c
2022	N100	69.3c	15.7c	39.8b	9.0b	331.2a	75.2a	440.3a
	N90	62.4c	14.5c	42.4b	9.8b	326.9a	75.7a	431.7a
	N80	65.4c	15.2c	42.6b	9.9b	322.8a	74.9a	430.8a
	N70	70.3b	18.0b	55.4a	14.2a	265.3b	67.9b	391.0b
	N60	80.2a	21.5a	57.2a	15.3a	235.4c	63.1c	372.8c

指标 Index	关联度分析 Analysis of association degree	株高 PH	茎粗 SD	穗位高 EH	干重 DM	秃尖长 BT	穗长 EL	穗行数 RNE	行粒数 KNR	穗数 EN
产量 Yield	关联度 Association degree	0.370	0.877	0.832	0.901	0.713	0.889	0.899	0.880	0.948
产量 Yield	排序 Ranking	9	6	7	2	8	4	3	5	1

Effects of Reducing Nitrogen Application on Maize Agronomic Traits, Grain Yield and Quality Under Green Manure Returning to Field System in Arid Areas

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