我国新育成小麦品种（系）籽粒不同部位铁含量及影响因素

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.03.002

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The study aims to measure the iron (Fe) concentration in the grain, flour, and bran of newly developed high-yielding wheat varieties (lines) in major wheat production regions of China. It investigates the impact of yield, yield components, and soil factors on Fe absorption and distribution within the wheat, and determine the effects of these variables on Fe concentrations in its different parts. The objective is to provide a basis for grain Fe nutritional fortification in wheat. 【Method】A study was conducted on 104 newly developed wheat varieties (lines) through multi-point trials across 17 provinces in major wheat production regions of China. The research analyzed Fe concentration in wheat grain, flour and bran, along with yield, yield components, Fe absorption and distribution, soil physicochemical properties, and fertilizer application rates during the 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 growing seasons, to study the Fe concentration in different parts of the grain of newly developed wheat varieties (lines) in China, as well as the absorption and distribution of Fe and environmental influencing factors. 【Result】Significant variations for Fe concentrations were observed in the wheat grain, flour and bran among new varieties (lines) in the major wheat production regions of China,with the range of 20.2-57.1, 2.1-37.5, and 31.2-144.5 mg·kg^-1, and the average of 34.6, 10.8, and 72.8 mg·kg^-1, respectively. Wheat varieties (lines) in the southern wheat regions exhibited higher Fe concentrations in grains and its different parts compared to that in the northern regions, and the Fe concentration in flour and bran showed a positive correlation with its in grain. For every 1.0 mg·kg^-1 increase in grain Fe, flour saw a 0.2 to 0.3 mg·kg^-1 rise, and bran experienced a 1.9 to 2.3 mg·kg^-1 increase. The Fe concentration in grains was negatively correlated with yield, biomass, and spike number. With each 1.0 t·hm^-2 increase in yield, there was a decrease of 1.2 mg·kg^-1 in grain Fe concentration. For every 100×10⁴/hm² increase in spike number, the grain Fe concentration decreased by 0.3 mg·kg^-1. The flour Fe concentration showed negative relationship with Fe absorption in grain, straw, glume and bran. The grain Fe concentration was negatively correlated with calcium, and positively with manganese, copper, and zinc. The grain Fe concentrations varied over locations, and different locations contributing 39% to 70% to the variation in grain Fe concentration. Soil pH, available phosphorus, Fe and manganese as major environmental factors affecting Fe nutrition in wheat grains. Grain Fe concentrations were negatively correlated with soil available phosphorus. Meanwhile, flour Fe concentrations were negatively correlated with soil pH, and positively correlated with soil available iron and manganese. 【Conclusion】High-Fe varieties (lines) were found among the newly developed high-yielding wheat varieties (lines) in China. Maintaining stable spike number, regulating soil pH, increasing grain Fe harvest index, soil available phosphorus, iron, manganese and appropriately applying N, P to enhance soil fertility were conducive to achieving a synergistic enhancement of both yield and Fe concentrations in wheat grain and flour.

Key words: wheat, varieties, flour, iron, yield, soil nutrients

LUO YiNuo, LI YanFei, LI WenHu, ZHANG SiQi, MU WenYan, HUANG Ning, SUN RuiQing, DING YuLan, SHE WenTing, SONG WenBin, LI XiaoHan, SHI Mei, WANG ZhaoHui. Iron Concentrations in Grain and Its Different Parts of Newly Developed Wheat Varieties (Lines) in China and Influencing Factors[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(3): 416-430.

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麦区 Region	pH	有机质SOM (g·kg^-1)	土壤全氮TN (g·kg^-1)	有效养分 Available nutrient (mg·kg^-1)							施肥量 Fertilizer rate (kg·hm^-2)
麦区 Region	pH	有机质SOM (g·kg^-1)	土壤全氮TN (g·kg^-1)	矿质氮 MN	速效磷 AP	速效钾 AK	有效铁 AFe	有效锰 AMn	有效铜 ACu	有效锌 AZn	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
黄淮北片 NHHP	8.4±0.3	23.9±10.3	1.3±0.3	39.3±15.6	34.0±7.0	164.3±15.5	9.2±6.3	11.9±4.3	1.2±0.3	1.9±0.9	288±82.1	158±46.4	71±28.6
黄淮南片 SHHP	8.2±1.4	24.7±12.7	1.4±0.4	27.5±12.6	47.5±16.8	217.6±91.6	33.1±23.5	20.2±16.2	1.3±0.4	0.7±0.8	251±59.2	128±34.8	75±26.6
长江中下游 MLYR	5.6±0.5	28.1±1.3	1.8±0.2	32.5±13.3	38.3±10.1	161.9±24.0	171.6±55.8	52.2±27.0	3.1±0.8	0.9±0.3	229±39.3	91±25.8	82±22.8
西南麦区 SWC	6.9±0.6	29.0±5.1	1.6±0.3	17.4±7.1	23.5±9.0	153.2±47.7	66.6±36.8	29.6±8.2	3.5±0.6	1.2±0.2	184±45.2	76±39.7	57±18.8
所有试验点 ALL	7.3±1.2	25.8±9.4	1.5±0.4	31.1±17.8	36.7±13.9	176.2±66.3	57.6±45.2	25.1±15.6	2.0±1.2	1.4±0.8	249±73.4	123±47.9	72±26.6

各器官和部位铁吸收分配 Fe uptake, harvest index and distribution index	黄淮北片 NHHP	黄淮南片 SHHP	长江中下游 MLYR	西南麦区 SWC	所有试验点 ALL
籽粒铁吸收量Grain Fe uptake (g·hm^-2)	289.7ab	295.7a	271.9c	191.1d	279.8bc
茎叶铁吸收量Straw Fe uptake (g·hm^-2)	2256.9a	1998.4ab	1752.6bc	1513.2c	2018.2ab
颖壳铁吸收量Glume Fe uptake (g·hm^-2)	294.6b	331.3a	291.5b	149.3c	290.3b
面粉铁吸收量Flour Fe uptake (g·hm^-2)	54.1a	55.5a	48.2b	34.4c	51.6ab
麸皮铁吸收量Bran Fe uptake (g·hm^-2)	235.8ab	240.4a	225.1b	156.7c	228.5ab
籽粒铁收获指数Grain Fe harvest index (%)	14.5ab	15.0ab	13.8b	15.8a	14.6ab
茎叶铁收获指数Straw Fe harvest index (%)	71.4ab	69.1b	71.8ab	74.1a	71.0b
颖壳铁收获指数Glume Fe harvest index (%)	14.1b	15.9a	14.3ab	10.1c	14.4ab
面粉铁分配指数Flour Fe distribution index (%)	19.6a	19.4a	18.6a	18.5a	19.2a
麸皮铁分配指数Bran Fe distribution index (%)	80.6a	80.6a	82.0a	81.7a	81.0a

部位 Part	分组 Group	铁含量 Fe concentration (mg·kg^-1)	土壤pH和有效养分Soil pH and available nutrients (mg·kg^-1）
部位 Part	分组 Group	铁含量 Fe concentration (mg·kg^-1)	pH	有效磷AP	有效铁AFe	有效锰AMn
籽粒 Grain	高铁HFe	38.7±1.2a	5.5±0.1b	42.1±7.0a	202.5±51.0a	41.2±7.1a
籽粒 Grain	低铁LFe	31.3±0.8b	8.5±0.5a	34.2±12.2a	7.4±2.5b	9.4±1.7b
面粉 Flour	高铁HFe	13.0±1.5a	5.9±1.1b	41.2±20.8a	116.7±79.2a	51.9±14.6a
面粉 Flour	低铁LFe	8.5±1.2b	8.4±0.5a	31.5±7.4a	6.8±2.1b	9.7±2.4b
麸皮 Bran	高铁HFe	80.4±2.1a	5.4±1.4b	65.3±14.7a	156.0±56.6a	44.2±27.2a
麸皮 Bran	低铁LFe	64.7±3.2b	8.6±0.9a	31.2±6.4b	6.8±1.2a	10.6±2.2a

Iron Concentrations in Grain and Its Different Parts of Newly Developed Wheat Varieties (Lines) in China and Influencing Factors

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