迟播对油菜产量、品质、光合源演替及载荷特征的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.23.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to explore the regulation mechanism of late sowing on succession of photosynthetic sources (leaf and silique shell), source loadability, yield and quality in rape. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in the Dafeng District, Yancheng city of Jiangsu Province, and Nanjing of Jiangsu Province in 2022-2023. The main factors sowing dates were set up at 6 levels, October 17th (SD1), October 23rd (SD2), October 29th (SD3), November 4th (SD4), November 10th (SD5), and November 16th (SD6), and the secondary factors were two conventional varieties: Nannongyou 4 (strong cold resistance) and Zheyou 51 (medium cold resistance). The effects of different sowing dates on dynamic change characteristics of leaf area index (LAI), pod area index (PAI) and source succession, source loadability and rape yield and quality were investigated. 【Result】 (1) The later the sowing dates, the younger the pre-winter seedling age, and the lower the overwintering survival rate. The latest safe date of late-sowing rapeseed in the lower reaches of Yangtze River was the end of October, and the pre-winter seedling age was more than 5 leaves. The sowing date was postponed to November, the leaf age of rape decreased to 1.2-3.6 leaves, and the average overwintering survival rate was less than 30%. The average overwintering rate of Nannongyou 4 in November was 30.9%, which was 14.5% higher than that of Zheyou 51. (2) During the latest safe sowing period, the yield of rapeseed decreased significantly with the delay of sowing dates, and the decrease of plant silique number and 1000-seed weight were the most direct factors causing the decrease of oilseed yield. With the delay of sowing date, compared with SD1, the yield of SD2 and SD3 decreased by 9.6% and 29.0%, the number of plant silique number decreased by 6.1% and 23.9%, and the 1000-seed weight decreased by 4.4% and 6.5%, respectively. The average content of fat and protein in Nannongyou 4 was 42.9% and 25%, which in Zheyou 51 was 47.9% and 22.7%, respectively. (3) With the delay of sowing dates, the maximum LAI and PAI of rape decreased significantly, the slow growth rate before LAI reaching the peak and the fast decline rate after LAI reaching the peak both decreased, and the rapid growth rate of PAI slowed down. The later the sowing dates, the earlier the LAI and PAI succession points (the lower the effective accumulated temperature), and the lower the LAI and PAI succession points (the lower the LAI and PAI succession point). The photosynthetic source and source succession dynamic characteristic values of Nannongyou 4 were generally better than those of Zheyou 51. (4) With the delay of sowing date, the leaf area decreased faster than the seeds yield and pod area, caused the leaf loadability gradually increased, while the silique loadability gradually decreased. Insufficient leaf source and seeds sink were the main reasons for the yield reduction of late sowing. The leaf and shell loadability of Nannongyou 4 was both higher than that of Zheyou 51.【Conclusion】 Within the latest safe sowing period of rapeseed in the lower reaches of Yangtze River, it was advisable to select cold-resistant, high-yield and high-oil varieties with suitable photosynthetic source succession point and high source load, to reduce yield loss caused by late sowing.

Key words: rape (Brassica napus L.), late sowing, leaf area index, pod area index, succession of photosynthetic sources, loadability, yield, quality

LI Fei, XIONG Cai, GU JiaJia, CAO Xin, WANG ShanShan, HU Wei, ZHOU ZhiGuo, CHEN BingLin. Effects of Late Sowing on Yield, Quality, Photosynthetic Source Succession and Loadability Characteristics of Rape[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(23): 4673-4685.

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地点 Place	品种 Variety	播期 Sowing date
地点 Place	品种 Variety	SD1	SD2	SD3	SD4	SD5	SD6
大丰 Dafeng	V1	7.4a	5.9b	4.7c	3.6d	1.9e	1.2f
大丰 Dafeng	V2	7.6a	5.5b	4.4c	3.6d	1.9e	1.3f
南京 Nanjing	V1	8.8a	7.2c	5.2d	3.3e	1.8f	1.3f
南京 Nanjing	V2	8.7a	7.8b	4.8d	3.3e	1.8f	1.3f

地点 Place	播期 Sowing date	品种 Variety	单株角果数 Plant silique number	每角果粒数 Number of seeds	千粒重 1000-seed weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	脂肪含量 Fat content (%)	蛋白质含量 Protein content (%)
大丰 Dafeng	SD1	V1	129.5a	22.3a	4.00a	3814.7a	43.0b	24.8a
	SD1	V2	99.5b	21.9a	3.77b	2693.3c	47.7a	22.5b
	SD2	V1	119.3a	22.9a	3.72bc	3352.8b	42.5b	24.0a
	SD2	V2	100.0b	22.6a	3.55cd	2646.2c	47.5a	21.9b
	SD3	V1	105.0b	21.8a	3.54cd	2694.8c	42.8b	24.7a
	SD3	V2	55.8c	22.7a	3.47d	1445.1d	47.5a	21.6b
南京 Nanjing	SD1	V1	119.5b	22.1a	4.03a	3506.5ab	43.0b	24.9ab
	SD1	V2	130.4a	22.4a	3.88b	3745.4a	48.0a	23.1b
	SD2	V1	117.8ab	21.7a	3.87b	3258.5bc	43.1b	25.6a
	SD2	V2	110.0bc	22.2a	3.84b	3089.3bcd	48.7a	23.1b
	SD3	V1	106.0bc	22.3a	3.81b	2971.2cd	42.9b	25.7a
	SD3	V2	102.5c	21.5a	3.86b	2810.9d	47.8a	23.3b
F值 F-value
地点 Place (P)			**	NS	**	**	**	**
播期 Sowing date (SD)			**	NS	**	**	NS	NS
品种Vairety (V)			**	NS	**	**	**	**
地点×播期 P×SD			*	NS	*	*	NS	NS
地点×品种 P×V			**	NS	*	**	*	NS
播期×品种 SD×V			*	NS	*	NS	NS	NS
地点×播期×品种 P×SD×V			**	NS	NS	*	NS	NS

地点 Place	播期 Sowing date	品种 Variety	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	LAI_M	EAT_LAIM （℃·d）	LAI上升期 LAI ascent stage			LAI下降期 LAI descent stage
地点 Place	播期 Sowing date	品种 Variety	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	LAI_M	EAT_LAIM （℃·d）	MR₁ (/(100 ℃·d))	EAT_M1 (℃·d)	R_avg₁ (/(100 ℃·d))	MR₂ (/(100 ℃·d))	EAT_M2 (℃·d)	R_avg₂ (/(100 ℃·d))
大丰 Dafeng	SD1	V1	LAI=1864.9/（1+e^{1.03×10-8EAT3-5.04×10-6EAT2-0.0082EAT+11.1}）	0.930 **	3.0	701.2	0.93	531.2	0.55	-1.16	872.6	-0.75
	SD1	V2	LAI=1843.3/（1+e^{6.24×10-9EAT3-3.07×10-6EAT2-0.0076EAT+11.4}）	0.969 **	2.7	820.6	0.71	622.6	0.43	-0.87	1020.7	-1.12
	SD2	V1	LAI=1607.1/（1+e^{1.03×10-8EAT3-5.08×10-6EAT2-0.0084EAT+11.3}）	0.801 **	2.4	711.2	0.76	542.5	0.45	-0.93	882.5	-0.60
	SD2	V2	LAI=1645.2/（1+e^{8.84×10-9EAT3-5.16×10-6EAT2-0.0076EAT+11.6}）	0.935 **	2.1	764.7	0.62	586.6	0.37	-0.77	945.6	-0.39
	SD3	V1	LAI=1094.2/（1+e^{1.35×10-8EAT3-6.90×10-6EAT2-0.0092EAT+11.6}）	0.761 **	1.8	677.1	0.63	524.6	0.38	-0.78	832.7	-1.00
	SD3	V2	LAI=1374.7/（1+e^{1.03×10-8EAT3-5.44×10-6EAT2-0.0081EAT+11.7}）	0.891 **	1.4	715.5	0.44	546.5	0.26	-0.55	887.2	-0.35
南京 Nanjing	SD1	V1	LAI=2175.3/（1+e^{4.03×10-9EAT3-1.04×10-6EAT2-0.0076EAT+10.9}）	0.901 **	4.6	885.3	1.11	660.0	0.67	-1.34	1111.3	-0.87
	SD1	V2	LAI=3741.4/（1+e^{2.81×10-9EAT3-1.38×10-6EAT2-0.0051EAT+10.4}）	0.936 **	4.4	957.2	0.91	689.9	0.54	-1.15	1227.0	-0.74
	SD2	V1	LAI=1169.3/（1+e^{4.96×10-9EAT3-8.13×10-7EAT2-0.0094EAT+11.3}）	0.915 **	3.8	852.4	1.02	649.2	0.63	-1.22	1056.4	-0.79
	SD2	V2	LAI=1303.8/（1+e^{3.91×10-9EAT3-1.59×10-6EAT2-0.0063EAT+10.6}）	0.904 **	3.4	882.4	0.77	647.4	0.46	-0.96	1120.7	-0.62
	SD3	V1	LAI=1149.0/（1+e^{5.69×10-9EAT3-1.57×10-6EAT2-0.0092EAT+11.4}）	0.933 **	3.1	832.2	0.85	635.6	0.52	-1.02	1030.8	-0.66
	SD3	V2	LAI=1592.8/（1+e^{4.93×10-9EAT3-2.00×10-6EAT2-0.0074EAT+11.2}）	0.935 **	2.3	854.4	0.58	641.4	0.35	-0.71	1069.7	-0.46

地点 Place	播期 Sowing date	品种 Variety	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	PAI_M	MR₃ (/(100℃·d))	EAT_M3 (℃·d)	EAT₁ (℃·d)	EAT₂ (℃·d)	∆EAT (℃·d)
大丰 Dafeng	SD1	V1	PAI=2.7/（1+e^{-0.023EAT+19.5}）	0.967**	2.7	1.57	841.8	784.9	898.6	113.7
	SD1	V2	PAI=2.4/（1+e^{-0.020EAT+16.9}）	0.971**	2.4	1.07	839.5	774.1	904.8	130.7
	SD2	V1	PAI=2.3/（1+e^{-0.019EAT+14.8}）	0.962**	2.3	0.78	798.6	727.6	869.6	141.9
	SD2	V2	PAI=2.2/（1+e^{-0.019EAT+15.1}）	0.995**	2.2	1.21	798.4	728.8	868.1	139.4
	SD3	V1	PAI=1.8/（1+e^{-0.018EAT+13.8}）	0.963**	1.8	1.01	778.4	704.3	852.5	148.1
	SD3	V2	PAI=1.8/（1+e^{-0.017EAT+12.4}）	0.984**	1.8	0.74	737.9	659.7	816.1	156.3
南京 Nanjing	SD1	V1	PAI=3.2/（1+e^{-0.012EAT+13.1}）	0.964**	3.2	0.99	1050.8	944.7	1156.8	212.1
	SD1	V2	PAI=3.4/（1+e^{-0.014EAT+14.3}）	0.981**	3.4	0.72	1017.8	923.8	1111.8	188.0
	SD2	V1	PAI=2.5/（1+e^{-0.011EAT+11.3}）	0.99**	2.5	0.48	988.2	872.9	1103.4	230.4
	SD2	V2	PAI=3.2/（1+e^{-0.014EAT+13.9}）	0.927**	3.2	1.18	1007.5	912.2	1102.8	190.6
	SD3	V1	PAI=2.4/（1+e^{-0.008EAT+7.8}）	0.966**	2.4	1.11	986.7	819.8	1153.6	333.8
	SD3	V2	PAI=2.8/（1+e^{-0.013EAT+12.0}）	0.988**	2.8	0.71	915.4	814.9	1015.9	200.9

Effects of Late Sowing on Yield, Quality, Photosynthetic Source Succession and Loadability Characteristics of Rape

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