Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (5): 909-918.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.05.007

• PLANT PROTECTION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

The Predation Behavior of Odontomachus monticola and Camponotus japonicus on Black Cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon)

GAO DongMei(), HUANGFU JiaYi, GUO Xiao()   

  1. Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329
  • Received:2023-10-25 Accepted:2023-11-21 Online:2024-03-01 Published:2024-03-06
  • Contact: GUO Xiao

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Abstract:

【Objective】Black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) is one of the important underground pests of food and cash crops. The objective of this study is to clarify the predation characteristics of Odontomachus monticola and Camponotus japonicus on A. ipsilon, enrich the biological control techniques of A. ipsilon, and to reduce the cost of A. ipsilon control and the amount of chemical pesticides.【Method】Predation selectivity, predation mode, predation lethality on different A. ipsilon stages by O. monticola and C. japonicus were observed and counted under two natural conditions, soil cover and bare prey, for 1, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. Sequence characteristics of predation behavior were carried out indoors using experimental populations of the two ant species. Statistical analyses were performed to clarify the differences in predation behavior and pest control characteristics of the two ant species.【Result】C. japonicus was less lethal to A. ipsilon eggs, and the cumulative 48 h lethality was only 12.67%. O. monticola did not feed on A. ipsilon eggs. The control effect of the two ant species on A. ipsilon larvae and pupae was over 49% and up to 98.67%, and the control effect decreased with the age of A. ipsilon. There were some differences in the sequence characteristics of predation behavior of O. monticola and C. japonicus: for A. ipsilon low instar larvae, both ants mainly carried directly; for the larger A. ipsilon elder instar larvae, C. japonicus had behaviors of probing, attacking, calling companions, cutting prey and carrying in groups, which showed obvious group behavior. On the other hand, the predation behavior of O. monticola on large prey was simple, and behaviors such as calling companions and group handling were not observed, the group predation behavior was not obvious. The differences in the predation behavior of the two ant species on A. ipsilon were also reflected in the mode of predation and lethality on A. ipsilon: Most of the low instar A. ipsilon larvae were carried directly by C. japonicus, the predation efficiency was very high, and C. japonicas usually preyed A. ipsilon elder instar larvae in groups. O. monticola had a higher proportion of discarded elder A. ipsilon larvae, but A. ipsilon larvae that escaped predation by biting and stinging had a higher mortality. In addition, soil cover strongly influenced the detection of A. ipsilon larvae by ants, the two ant species could only detect surface prey and not subterranean prey.【Conclusion】C. japonicus and O. monticola have better control effect on both A. ipsilon larvae and pupae, and the lower the age of A. ipsilon, the better the control effect. There are some differences in the predation behavior of the two ant species on the elder A. ipsilon larvae, but it does not affect the control effect on A. ipsilon.

Key words: ant, underground pest, black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon), lethality, sequence of predation behavior, predator insect

Fig. 1

Experimental setup diagram in the field"

Fig. 2

Lethality of C. japonicus and O. monticola to different insect stages of A. ipsilon"

Table 1

Lethality of C. japonicus and O. monticola to A. ipsilon under different times (%)"

虫态Stage 处理Treatment 1 h 6 h 12 h 24 h 48 h 累计Accumulation
卵
Egg		 日本弓背蚁C. japonicus 0a 0.67±0.67a 1.33±0.82a 3.33±1.50a 4.67±2.45a 12.67±4.52a
山大齿猛蚁O. monticola 0a 0a 0a 0a 0a 0b
对照CK 0a 0a 0a 0a 0a 0b
1—2龄幼虫
1st-2nd instar larva		 日本弓背蚁C. japonicus 1.33±0.82a 11.33±1.70a 15.28±2.08a 44.22±5.65a 13.22±4.07b 94.33±3.60a
山大齿猛蚁O. monticola 0a 8.67±2.71a 25.17±3.57a 33.11±2.48a 28.86±2.89a 98.67±1.33a
对照CK 0a 0b 2.00±0.82b 1.33±0.82b 0.66±0.66b 4.00±1.63b
3—4龄幼虫
3rd-4th instar larva		 日本弓背蚁C. japonicus 0.67±0.67a 9.33±2.21a 11.49±1.97a 20.80±2.01b 22.24±4.17a 73.50±3.52a
山大齿猛蚁O. monticola 0a 5.33±2.26a 16.78±2.69a 30.00±2.11a 27.71±0.83a 81.14±5.40a
对照CK 0a 0b 0.66±0.66b 0c 1.33±0.82b 2.00±1.33b
5—6龄幼虫
5th-6th instar larva		 日本弓背蚁C. japonicus 0a 4.67±2.00b 10.00±0b 14.76±1.34b 27.28±4.13a 69.84±2.70b
山大齿猛蚁O. monticola 0a 13.33±2.36a 20.00±1.83a 26.84±1.26a 26.67±3.33a 87.20±4.20a
对照CK 0a 0b 0c 0.67±0.67c 0b 0.67±0.67c
蛹
Pupa		 日本弓背蚁C. japonicus 0a 4.00±1.25b 13.33±0b 15.33±1.33a 18.67±4.00a 51.33±4.67a
山大齿猛蚁O. monticola 0a 12.67±2.45a 16.67±1.05a 11.33±2.91a 8.67±3.60a 49.33±1.25a
对照CK 0a 0b 0c 0b 0b 0b

Table 2

Predation patterns of C. japonicus and O. monticola on different insect stages of A. ipsilon (%)"

虫态
Stage		 处理
Treatment		 1 h 6 h 12 h 24 h 48 h
叮咬丢弃
<BOLD>D</BOLD>iscard after biting		 搬运
Transport		 叮咬丢弃
<BOLD>D</BOLD>iscard after biting		 搬运
Transport		 叮咬丢弃<BOLD>D</BOLD>iscard after biting 搬运
Transport		 叮咬丢弃
<BOLD>D</BOLD>iscard after biting		 搬运
Transport		 叮咬丢弃
<BOLD>D</BOLD>iscard after biting		 搬运
Transport
1—2
龄幼虫
1-2 instar larva		 日本弓背蚁
C. japonicus		 0.67±0.67 0.67±0.67 1.33±0.82 10.00±1.83 2.00±1.33 16.67±1.05* 5.33±5.33 40.00±3.33* 0.67±0.67 17.33±2.67*
山大齿猛蚁
O. monticola		 0 0 1.33±0.82 7.33±2.21 0.67±0.67 26.00±3.23* 0 34.00±2.45* 0 29.33±2.87*
3—4
龄幼虫
3-4 instar larva		 日本弓背蚁
C. japonicus		 0 0.67±0.67 1.33±0.82 8.00±2.26 3.33±1.05 9.33±1.25* 4.00±1.25 17.33±1.25* 4.00±1.25 26.00±2.45*
山大齿猛蚁
O. monticola		 0 0 0 5.33±2.26 0.67±0.67 16.67±2.36* 2.00±0.82 28.00±2.26*a 2.00±1.33 26.67±1.05*
5—6
龄幼虫
5-6 instar larva		 日本弓背蚁
C. japonicus		 0 0 2.67±1.63 2.00±1.33 6.00±1.25 5.33±1.70 13.33±2.79 7.33±1.25a 18.00±3.27 15.33±4.03a
山大齿猛蚁
O. monticola		 0 0 11.33±2.49* 2.00±0.82 20.00±1.83*a 0 27.33±1.25*a 0 26.67±3.33*a 0
蛹
Pupa		 日本弓背蚁
C. japonicus		 0 0 4.00±1.25 0 8.00±1.70* 0 10.00±1.05* 5.33±0.82a 14.00±2.87 10.00±2.79a
山大齿猛蚁
O. monticola		 0 0 12.67±2.45* 0 16.67±1.05*a 0 11.33±2.91* 0 8.67±3.59 0

Fig. 3

Effects of soil cover on C. japonicus and O. monticola preying on A. ipsilon The data in the figure are mean±SE (n=5), and the data were analyzed by independent sample t-test. * indicates highly significant differences of A. ipsilon mortality between exposed and soil cover groups at the same time point with the same stage of A. ipsilon (P<0.01)"

Fig. 4

Sequence of predation behaviors of C. japonicus and O. monticola The percentages are calculated from the total number of tested insects (30 A. ipsilon)"

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