机插杂交稻制种异交结实特性研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.20.004

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this research is to clarify the panicle seeding characteristics of sterile lines in machine- transplanted seed production and explore the reasons for the lower seed yield of hybrid rice in mechanized seed production mode. 【Method】Two combinations of Chenghui 727×Shu 21A and Yahui 2115×Yixiang 1A were selected as the materials, and the field experiment was conducted in Chongzhou from 2020 to 2021. Two methods of machine and hand-transplanted were utilized. During the heading to flowering stage, the state of flower synchronization was judged by the heading condition of restorer line and sterile line, and panicle seeding condition of sterile line was investigated at maturity stage. Statistical analysis of seeding characteristics of sterile line in different rows, panicle positions and different branches under two transplanting methods. 【Result】 (1) Under the condition of flower synchronization, the hand-transplanted restorer line and sterile line had a complete coincidence of flowering period with a flower synchronization index of 100%. On the other hand, the machine-transplanted restorer lines and sterile line had a flowering deviation of 3-4 days and 6-8 days, respectively, resulting in poor flower synchronization with a flower synchronization index of 33.33%-55.56%. (2) The overall setting rate was lower in the machine-transplanted group compared to the hand-transplanted group, with a 33.45% reduction in the setting rate of machine-transplanted. (3) The setting rate of panicles in rows 1-6 of sterile line showed a gradual decrease trend, and a higher setting rate was observed in the flower synchronization treatment in the same line. (4) The upper part panicles of the sterile line had a good pollination posture with a small shielding effect on the pollen. Under normal pollination conditions, the panicle setting rate of sterile line was significantly shown as upper> middle > lower part, while the empty grain rate was lower> middle > upper part. (5) The setting rate of primary branches of sterile line was significantly higher than that of secondary branches under different transplanting methods. The machine-transplanted treatment further reduced the setting rate of primary and secondary branches of sterile line. The primary and secondary branch ustilagomaydis grains of sterile line showed no significant difference under the machine-transplanted treatment, whereas the secondary branch ustilagomaydis grains were significantly higher than the primary branches under the hand-transplanted treatment. (6) The flower synchronization of the restorer line and sterile line was poor under the machine-transplanted treatment, resulting in lower actual seed production yield than the hand-transplanted group. The seed production yield decreased by 39.34% and 41.48% in two years. 【Conclusion】The flowering deviation of the sterile line was found to be 3-4 days longer than that of the restorer line, which resulted in poor flower synchronization. This is the primary reason for the lower setting rate of machine-transplanted compared to hand-transplanted. Additionally, the low setting rate of sterile line in the middle and lower parts of the panicle, as well as those further away from the restorer line, further contributes to the low overall setting rate in machine-transplanted. However, the effects of blighted and infected grains on the setting rate and yield were found to be relatively small. To improve the setting rate of hybrid rice in machine-transplanted seed production mode, we suggest the following measures. Arrange the sowing of machine-transplanted parents at different intervals during the full flowering stage to improve the degree of flower synchronization. Standardize the pollination operation to improve the effectiveness of pollination. Strengthen field management to reduce the occurrence of blighted and infected grains. By implementing these measures, we can improve the yield of hybrid rice in machine-transplanted seed production mode.

Key words: hybrid rice, mechanized seed production, sterile line, flowering, seed setting rate, yield

HUANG BangChao, TAO YouFeng, QIN Qin, LI Hui, ZHOU ZhongLin, GUO JinYue, DENG TianTian, LEI XiaoLong, SUN BoTeng, ZHOU GaoZi, JIA YuanLi, REN WanJun. Investigation on Outcrossing Seed-Setting Characteristics of Machine- Transplanted Hybrid Rice Seed Production[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(20): 3960-3974.

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品种 Variety	株高 Plant height (cm)	主茎叶数 Leaf number of main stems	播始历期 DSH (d)	穗粒数 No. of grains per ear	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
成恢727 Chenghui 727	110.0	16—17	110.0	130	29.5
蜀21A Shu 21A	90.0	14—15	85.0	120—150	27.0
雅恢2115 Yahui 2115	114.0	15—16	115.0	169	29.3
宜香1A Yixiang 1A	85.8	14—15	90.5	120	30.5

品种 Variety	播种时间Sowing date (M/D)		播种量 Seeding rate (G/T)	移栽时间 Transplanting date (M/D)	移栽叶龄 Transplanting leaf age	行距 Row space (cm)	穴距 Colum space (cm)	穴苗数 Seedling number per hole
品种 Variety	播期Ⅰ Seeding age Ⅰ	播期Ⅱ Seeding age Ⅱ	播种量 Seeding rate (G/T)	移栽时间 Transplanting date (M/D)	移栽叶龄 Transplanting leaf age	行距 Row space (cm)	穴距 Colum space (cm)	穴苗数 Seedling number per hole
成恢727 Chenghui 727	3/21	3/28	3000	4/30	3.7	30	20	4
蜀21A Shu 21A	4/28		3700	5/28	3.1	30	12	5
雅恢2115 Yahui 2115	3/26	4/2	3000	5/5	3.6	30	20	4
宜香1A Yixiang 1A	4/21		3700	5/21	2.9	30	12	5

年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	始穗日期 Initial heading date (M/D)	齐穗日期 Full heading date (M/D)	完穗日期 End heading date (M/D)	播始历期 DSH (d)	播种-盛穗历期 DSFH (d)	盛穗历期 DFH (d)	抽穗历期 Duration of heading (d)
2020	成恢727 Chenghui 727	AT	7/17	7/22	7/26	118	123	5	9
	成恢727 Chenghui 727	MT	7/21	7/27	7/30	122	128	6	9
	蜀21A Shu 21A	AT	7/19	7/23	7/24	82	121	4	5
	蜀21A Shu 21A	MT	7/27	7/31	8/1	90	126	4	5
	雅恢2115 Yahui 2115	AT	7/21	7/27	7/28	117	88	6	7
	雅恢2115 Yahui 2115	MT	7/25	7/29	8/1	121	94	4	7
	宜香1A Yixiang 1A	AT	7/20	7/23	7/25	90	94	3	5
	宜香1A Yixiang 1A	MT	7/28	8/1	8/2	98	102	4	5
2021	成恢727 Chenghui 727	AT	7/19	7/23	7/25	116	120	4	6
	成恢727 Chenghui 727	MT	7/22	7/25	7/28	119	122	3	6
	蜀21A Shu 21A	AT	7/18	7/22	7/24	79	83	4	6
	蜀21A Shu 21A	MT	7/26	7/31	8/1	87	92	5	6
	雅恢2115 Yahui 2115	AT	7/21	7/25	7/27	118	122	4	6
	雅恢2115 Yahui 2115	MT	7/24	7/28	7/30	121	125	4	6
	宜香1A Yixiang 1A	AT	7/20	7/24	7/26	88	92	4	6
	宜香1A Yixiang 1A	MT	7/26	7/30	8/1	94	98	4	6

年份 Year	组合 Combination	处理 Treatment	花遇指数 Flower synchronization index (%)	结实率 Grain filling rate (%)	空粒率 Grain empty rate (%)	秕粒率 Grain blighted rate (%)	病粒率 Grain infected rate (%)
2020	成恢727×蜀21A Chenghui 727×Shu 21A	AT	100.00a	31.43a	55.71c	0.83a	12.04a
	成恢727×蜀21A Chenghui 727×Shu 21A	MT	43.75c	19.58b	69.81b	1.68a	8.93a
	雅恢2115×宜香1A Yahui 2115×Yixiang 1A	AT	100.00a	22.23b	74.62ab	0.36a	2.79b
	雅恢2115×宜香1A Yahui 2115×Yixiang 1A	MT	55.56b	19.80b	77.65a	0.49a	2.05b
2021	成恢727×蜀21A Chenghui 727×Shu 21A	AT	100.00a	27.25a	57.51d	1.30b	13.93a
	成恢727×蜀21A Chenghui 727×Shu 21A	MT	33.33b	17.15c	63.82c	3.20a	15.83a
	雅恢2115×宜香1A Yahui 2115×Yixiang 1A	AT	100.00a	23.09b	69.44b	0.98b	6.49b
	雅恢2115×宜香1A Yahui 2115×Yixiang 1A	MT	36.36b	12.68d	79.07a	1.14b	7.11b

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	穗位 Ear	结实率 Grain filling rate (%)		空粒率 Grain empty rate (%)		秕粒率 Grain blighted rate (%)		病粒率 Grain infected rate (%)
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	穗位 Ear	S	Y	S	Y	S	Y	S	Y
2020	AT	上部Upper	34.40a	28.04a	54.00d	69.17d	0.68a	0.22b	10.91a	2.57ab
		中部Middle	33.16a	23.53abc	54.47d	73.36bcd	0.86a	0.51ab	11.51a	2.60ab
		下部Lower	24.56b	17.37de	60.22cd	79.36ab	1.00a	0.23b	14.22a	3.04a
	MT	上部Upper	23.91b	24.15ab	64.73bc	72.98cd	1.48a	0.33ab	9.88a	2.54ab
		中部Middle	18.93c	19.07cd	70.40ab	78.52abc	1.78a	0.40ab	8.89a	2.00b
		下部Lower	12.38d	13.61ef	77.23a	83.76a	1.82a	0.82a	8.57a	1.81b
2021	AT	上部Upper	34.21a	25.84a	53.11d	66.64c	0.88c	1.16a	11.80b	6.36a
		中部Middle	24.79b	22.78a	58.79c	68.17c	1.42c	0.94a	15.00a	8.12a
		下部Lower	20.89b	17.48b	61.58bc	75.36b	1.85bc	0.86a	15.69a	6.30a
	MT	上部Upper	21.35b	14.90bc	61.39bc	77.90b	2.25bc	0.81a	15.00a	6.38a
		中部Middle	16.63c	11.44cd	63.67b	79.38ab	3.30ab	1.06a	16.40a	8.12a
		下部Lower	9.96d	8.19d	68.77a	83.19a	4.85a	1.66a	16.42a	6.95a

Investigation on Outcrossing Seed-Setting Characteristics of Machine- Transplanted Hybrid Rice Seed Production

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组合 Combination	年份 Year	处理 Treatment	单穴有效穗 Effective panicles per hole	单穗颖花数 Spikelets per panicle	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	实际产量 Actual yield (kg·hm^-2)
成恢727×蜀21A Chenghui 727×Shu 21A	2020	AT	9.83b	177.48a	26.61a	1510.62b
	2020	MT	10.78ab	146.24c	22.23c	804.25d
	2021	AT	10.41ab	168.98b	26.00a	1814.48a
	2021	MT	11.06a	136.05d	25.03b	1153.25c
雅恢2115×宜香1A Yahui 2115×Yixiang 1A	2020	AT	10.17a	138.29a	28.53a	1129.51b
	2020	MT	10.89a	113.03c	26.66b	797.16d
	2021	AT	10.71a	141.77a	28.63a	1969.49a
	2021	MT	10.73a	124.93b	26.36b	1060.95c

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