不同磷肥对砂姜黑土和红壤磷库转化及冬小麦磷素吸收利用的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.06.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Effects of different phosphorus (P) fertilizers application on soil P transformation as well as P uptake and utilization in wheat were investigated, so as to provide a theoretical basis for precise matching and efficient utilization of P fertilizer in soil - P fertilizer - crop system. 【Method】 The pot experiment was conducted in lime concretion black soil and red soil including six treatments: no P fertilizer (CK); application of calcium superphosphate (SSP), calcium magnesium phosphate (FMP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), calcium superphosphate (TSP) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP). The relationship between the P transformation in rhizosphere as well as non-rhizosphere soils with P accumulation in wheat at the jointing and anthesis stages was analyzed. 【Result】 Soil Olsen-P concentration increased by 194%-662% after application of P fertilizer in lime concretion black soil. Soil Olsen-P concentration in wheat rhizosphere soil followed the order: APP, TSP, DAP, FMP, SSP, and CK. The H₂O-P and NaHCO₃-Pi concentration was significantly increased, whereas the Residual-P concentration was significantly reduced after phosphate fertilizer application. Both H₂O-P and NaHCO₃-Pi concentration was positively correlated with soil Olsen-P. At the jointing stage, in comparison to that of the control, TSP and APP application increased NaHCO₃-Pi concentration by 41.0 and 36.0 mg·kg^-1, respectively. For the red soil, soil Olsen-P concentration in rhizosphere soil increased by 84%-791% as P fertilizer was applied. And soil Olsen-P concentration under DAP and TSP treatments was significantly higher than that under other P fertilizer treatments. The NaHCO₃-Pi and NaOH-Pi concentration increased by 275.2%-848.3% and 26.9%-58.3%, respectively, which was positively correlated with rhizosphere soil Olsen-P concentration. After P fertilizer application, the most significant effects were found under DAP and TSP treatments. At the jointing stage, there was a significant positive correlation between shoot P accumulation and soil Olsen-P concentration in lime concretion black soil and red soil. When soil Olsen-P concentration increased by 1 mg·kg^-1, shoot P accumulation increased by 0.87 and 0.37 mg/pot respectively in lime concretion black soil and red soil. In lime concretion black soil, shoot P accumulation significantly increased by 15.44%-50.9% compared with the control as different P fertilizers addition, and the APP and TSP significantly increased shoot P accumulation and utilization efficiency in shoot than other P fertilizers. After P fertilizer application in red soil, shoot P accumulation and grain yield of wheat increased by 123.7%-643.9% and 75.5%-337.2%, respectively. The grain yield, shoot P accumulation and P utilization efficiency under TSP treatments were significantly higher than that under other P fertilizer treatments. 【Conclusion】 In lime concretion black soil, the concentration of H₂O-P and NaHCO₃-Pi was significantly increased after application of APP and TSP. In red soil, the NaHCO₃-Pi and NaOH-Pi concentration was significantly increased after the application of DAP and TSP. Therefore, in order to increase wheat P efficiency, APP or DAP was recommended as a proper fertilizer in lime concretion black soil, while DAP or TSP was recommended as a proper P fertilizer in red soil.

Key words: lime concretion black soil, red soil, different phosphate fertilizer varieties, soil P pool transformation characteristics, phosphorus utilization efficiency, winter wheat

WANG XiaoXuan, ZHANG Min, ZHANG XinYao, WEI Peng, CHAI RuShan, ZHANG ChaoChun, ZHANG LiangLiang, LUO LaiChao, GAO HongJian. Effects of Different Varieties of Phosphate Fertilizer Application on Soil Phosphorus Transformation and Phosphorus Uptake and Utilization of Winter Wheat[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(6): 1113-1126.

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	GAO Y J, KANG L F, CHU G X. Polymerization degree and rate of polyphosphate fertilizer affected the availability of phosphorus, Fe, Mn and Zn in calcareous soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(5): 1294-1302. (in Chinese)

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土壤类型 Soil types	有机质 OM (g·kg^-1)	全氮 TN (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 AN (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 Olsen-P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 AK (mg·kg^-1)	pH
砂姜黑土 Lime concretion black soils	25.43	1.41	74.46	5.57	140.67	7.83
红壤 Red soils	4.58	0.47	25.20	1.10	78.33	5.88

土壤类型 Soil types	处理 Treatments	拔节期 Jointing		开花期 Anthesis		成熟期 Maturity
土壤类型 Soil types	处理 Treatments	根际 Rhizosphere	非根际 Non-rhizosphere	根际 Rhizosphere	非根际 Non-rhizosphere	成熟期 Maturity
砂姜黑土 Lime concretion black soil	CK	4.23±0.79e	4.38±0.34b	4.43±0.18d	4.39±0.66c	4.91±0.46d
	SSP	13.04±1.21d	12.78±2.09b	16.73±1.29bc	15.56±1.02b	14.44±0.54c
	TSP	22.58±1.54b	13.26±1.98ab	18.15±2.28b	14.99±1.82b	18.74±1.54b
	FMP	13.01±1.45d	15.18±2.01ab	14.24±0.92c	15.48±1.96b	15.78±0.78c
	DAP	16.42±0.60c	12.66±0.47b	18.87±2.79ab	14.09±1.91b	18.27±0.52b
	APP	32.24±1.16a	15.92±0.54a	22.16±2.32a	19.55±2.67a	21.81±2.37a
红壤 Red soil	CK	3.85±1.12d	1.49±0.49c	2.18±0.60c	3.82±0.62bc	3.25±0.13c
	SSP	9.55±1.47c	3.93±0.37b	7.75±0.74b	4.94±0.66a	7.45±0.47a
	TSP	12.39±0.61b	3.13±0.78b	19.22±3.11a	3.02±0.47c	7.09±0.94ab
	FMP	7.99±0.56c	3.14±0.77b	6.2±1.13b	4.83±0.75ab	6.42±1.20ab
	DAP	16.24±0.26a	5.73±0.67a	19.42±1.48a	5.54±0.62a	5.99±0.71b
	APP	13.77±1.17b	6.83±0.65a	8.06±1.46b	5.82±0.17a	6.82±0.08ab
变异来源 Sources of variation	土壤Soil	**	**	**	**	**
	磷肥品种P	**	**	**	**	**
	土壤×磷肥品种 Soil×P	**	ns	**	**	**

土壤类型 Soil types	磷形态 P fractions	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	间接通径系数 Indirect path coefficient
土壤类型 Soil types	磷形态 P fractions	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	H₂O-P	NaHCO₃-Pi	NaHCO₃-Po	NaOH-Pi	NaOH-Po	HCl-P	Residual-P
砂姜黑土 Lime concretion black soils	H₂O-P	0.66**	0.52**	—	0.55	0	-0.19	0	-0.12	-0.09
	NaHCO₃-Pi	0.65**	0.98**	0.29	—	0	-0.54	-0.12	-0.1	0.03
	NaHCO₃-Po	0.29	-0.02	0.1	0.17	—	0.16	0.01	0.02	-0.16
	NaOH-Pi	0.26	-0.69**	0.14	0.77	0.01	—	-0.03	-0.05	0.12
	NaOH-Po	-0.13	-0.12	0.02	0.16	0	-0.21	—	-0.01	0.04
	HCl-P	0.33*	-0.24*	0.27	0.37	0	-0.15	-0.01	—	0.08
	Residual-P	0	0.14	-0.14	0.1	0.01	-0.24	-0.01	-0.06	0.01
红壤 Red soils	H₂O-P	0.27	0.2	—	0.36	-0.1	-0.11	-0.05	-0.05	0.01
	NaHCO₃-Pi	0.85**	0.89**	0.08	—	-0.02	-0.18	0.09	-0.03	0.01
	NaHCO₃-P_O	0.24	0.2	-0.11	-0.08	—	0	0.19	0.06	-0.01
	NaOH-Pi	0.77**	-0.21	0.10	0.75	0	—	0.15	-0.03	0.01
	NaOH-P_O	0.58**	0.30*	-0.03	0.26	0.12	-0.1	—	0.03	-0.01
	HCl-P	-0.01	-0.09	0.11	0.26	-0.13	-0.06	-0.11	—	0.01
	Residual-P	0.16	0.02	0.07	0.3	-0.08	-0.05	-0.07	-0.03	—

土壤类型 Soil types	处理 Treatments	植株磷素累积量 Plant P accumulation (mg/pot)	产量 Grain yield (g/pot)	磷肥利用效率 PUE (%)	磷肥偏生产力 PFPP (kg·kg^-1)
砂姜黑土 Lime concretion black soil	CK	33.66±1.31 d	11.13±0.20 a	-	-
	SSP	38.86±1.46 c	11.09±1.31 a	2.67±0.75 c	17.93±0.48 c
	TSP	47.19±1.23 b	11.39±0.64 a	6.96±0.63 b	22.04±1.08 ab
	FMP	40.01±0.84 c	12.75±1.07 a	3.26±0.43 c	24.78±1.80 a
	DAP	39.82±0.93 c	10.36±0.88 a	3.17±0.48 c	19.99±1.73 bc
	APP	50.79±1.45 a	9.86±0.36 a	8.81±0.75 a	18.94±0.82 bc
红壤 Red soil	CK	1.73±0.07 d	0.94±0.04 d	-	-
	SSP	3.87±0.21 c	1.65±0.13 cd	1.01±0.11 c	3.35±0.13 c
	TSP	12.87±0.51 a	4.11±0.33 a	5.73±0.26 a	6.56±0.13 a
	FMP	7.49±0.78 b	1.78±0.16 c	2.97±0.40 b	3.27±0.15 c
	DAP	8.12±0.75 b	3.73±0.15 a	3.29±0.39 b	5.33±0.59 b
	APP	7.22±0.17 b	2.67±0.07 b	2.83±0.09 b	4.77±0.04 b

Effects of Different Varieties of Phosphate Fertilizer Application on Soil Phosphorus Transformation and Phosphorus Uptake and Utilization of Winter Wheat

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