不同颜色育果袋对‘瑞雪’苹果果实品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.04.011

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to explore the effects of different color of fruit bags on the fruit quality of Ruixue apple (Malus × domestica Ruixue), so as to provide the theoretical guidance and technical support for the production of high-quality Ruixue apples. 【Method】The experimental materials were five-year-old trees of Ruixue using M26 as rootstock, bagged with red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and purple single-layer fruit bags at 70 days after full bloom, with white bags as control. The fruits were harvested at 190 days after full bloom. The transmitted light spectrum of bags was measured by spectrometer. The indicators of fruit quality were determined, such as peel chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, soluble sugar and aroma compounds contents. To explore the effects of different light qualities on fruit quality, the relationship between light and fruit quality was analyzed by correlation analysis. 【Result】The difference in the color of the fruit bags changed the composition of the light quality and had a positive correlations between light quality and fruit bags. Compared with white bag control, the transmittances of purple in purple bag were the highest, which were 1.15 times than that in white bag; meanwhile, the transmittances of red in red bag were the highest (1.13 times). The external quality of fruits was significantly improved after the treatment of different color fruit bags. Among the indicators, the L^* and b^* values of the peel were higher than white bag control, while the a^* value, fruit point index and coloration index were lower. Compared with other color fruit bags, some indicators of purple fruit bags were significantly improved (P < 0.05), such as chlorophyll (0.0548 mg·g^-1), total phenolic (1.325 mg·g^-1), and total flavonoid content of fruits (1.361 mg·g^-1). Under different light quality environments, there were significant differences in fruit firmness, and the fruit firmness of the red fruit bag was significantly lower, which was 16.1% lower than white bag control. In addition, other internal quality measurements showed that the indigo fruit bags significantly improved the flavor of the fruits, which improved mainly soluble solids, sugar components and sweetness value. The detection of aroma compounds showed that the blue fruit bag significantly increased the total amount of fruit aroma compounds, which was significantly increased by 2.89 times compared with white bag control. Based on the above indicators, a correlation analysis between light quality and various quality indicators was conducted, and found that there was a close correlation between fruit external quality and light quality. The correlation coefficients between the purple/indigo, orange, and purple/blue values and the L^*, a^*, and b^* values of the peel were 0.901, 0.810, and 0.854, respectively. The internal quality of fruit, such as chlorophyll, total flavonoid, total phenolic and total aroma compounds, were most closely related to blue light, and the correlation coefficients of them with blue light were 0.947, 0.822, 0.851 and 0.757, respectively. 【Conclusion】 According to the comprehensive analysis, purple and blue light were beneficial to improve the external and internal quality of Ruixue apple. Therefore, the transmission amount of purple and blue light could be appropriately increased in the fruit bag during Ruixue bagging cultivation to further improve fruit quality.

Key words: apple, Ruixue, light quality, fruit bags, fruit quality

WANG ZiDun, WANG Hui, FENG YuChen, ZHANG XueLiang, YAN LeiYu, LIU XiaoJie, ZHAO ZhengYang. Effects of Different Color Fruit Bags on Quality of Ruixue Apple Fruits[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(4): 729-740.

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果袋颜色 Fruit bag color	L^*	a^*	b^*	叶绿素 Chlorophyll content (mg·g^-1)	果点指数 Fruit spot index (%)	光洁指数 Peel smooth index (%)	着色指数 Peel coloration index (%)
红Red	68.64±1.26a	-9.90±0.55ab	31.27±0.81ab	0.0533±0.0002bc	9.76	20.33	13.01
橙Orange	68.22±0.47a	-10.48±1.21ab	31.52±0.56a	0.0508±0.0002de	20.63	17.46	12.63
黄Yellow	68.93±0.15a	-10.22±0.75ab	32.24±0.79a	0.0505±0.0003e	14.29	17.14	14.48
绿Green	68.09±0.83a	-11.77±0.94b	31.14±0.67ab	0.0522±0.0005cd	13.73	16.67	13.71
靛Indigo	67.14±1.12a	-11.37±0.20b	31.25±0.60ab	0.0537±0.0006abc	25.00	22.92	12.58
蓝Blue	67.43±1.24a	-11.36±0.60b	31.14±1.21ab	0.0538±0.0009abc	18.89	25.56	11.11
紫Purple	68.54±1.66a	-10.95±0.98b	31.07±0.42ab	0.0548±0.0022ab	26.32	21.05	10.05
白White	65.45±1.12b	-8.82±2.71a	30.03±1.45b	0.0554±0.0003a	35.56	20.00	63.33

果袋颜色 Fruit bag color	硬度 Hardness (kg·cm^-2)	可溶性固形物 Soluble solid Content (%)	可滴定酸 Tiratable acidity content (%)	固酸比 Ratio of total soluble solid to titratable acidity	Vc Content (mg/100 g)
红Red	6.85±0.57d	14.56±0.44b	0.235±0.016ab	62.30±5.86bc	8.45±0.16a
橙Orange	7.09±0.23cd	14.36±1.09b	0.204±0.039b	72.02±11.03ab	8.35±0.08ab
黄Yellow	7.01±0.32d	14.96±0.45b	0.228±0.036ab	66.78±9.47abc	7.47±0.33cd
绿Green	7.80±0.53ab	15.08±0.53b	0.202±0.021b	76.09±7.83a	7.26±0.32d
靛Indigo	7.51±0.29bc	16.18±0.79a	0.266±0.038a	61.49±6.89c	7.85±0.54bc
蓝Blue	7.28±0.38cd	15.26±1.04b	0.258±0.016a	59.09±1.63c	7.97±0.22abc
紫Purple	7.07±0.38cd	14.66±0.54b	0.242±0.034ab	61.31±6.63c	7.74±0.20cd
白White	8.16±0.84a	15.05±0.71b	0.258±0.038a	58.78±9.07c	7.95±0.36abc

果袋颜色 Fruit bag color	果糖 Fructose content (mg·g^-1)	蔗糖 Sucrose content (mg·g^-1)	葡萄糖 Glucose content (mg·g^-1)	山梨醇 Sorbitol content (mg·g^-1)	总糖 Soluble sugar content (mg·g^-1)	甜度值 Sweetness value
红Red	54.79±0.42bc	46.12±1.64bc	18.10±0.98cde	4.22±0.31f	123.23	156.36
橙Orange	57.63±0.90a	43.29±0.34d	21.97±1.21a	4.54±0.27ef	127.43	161.34
黄Yellow	55.47±1.06bc	49.55±1.84a	16.34±1.37e	4.79±0.19def	126.15	159.98
绿Green	53.22±0.60cd	46.14±0.83bc	19.48±1.65bcd	5.16±0.47de	124.00	154.98
靛Indigo	58.39±2.11a	48.59±2.37ab	17.46±0.83de	7.60±0.34a	132.04	166.03
蓝Blue	55.13±1.08bc	44.55±1.73cd	19.88±1.56abc	6.22±0.54b	125.78	157.43
紫Purple	52.47±1.29d	47.80±0.84ab	16.33±0.98e	5.30±0.27cd	121.90	153.17
白White	58.16±0.84a	43.92±0.61cd	21.01±1.32ab	5.82±0.34bc	128.90	162.73

Effects of Different Color Fruit Bags on Quality of Ruixue Apple Fruits

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