Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (23): 4769-4780.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.23.016

• ANIMAL SCIENCE·VETERINARY SCIENCE • Previous Articles    

Screening of Wnt3a SNPs and Its Association Analysis with Skin Feather Follicle Density Traits in Chicken

TU YunJie1(),JI GaiGe1,ZHANG Ming1,LIU YiFan1,JU XiaoJun1,SHAN YanJu1,ZOU JianMin1,LI Hua2,CHEN ZhiWu3,SHU JingTing1,*()   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, Jiangsu
    2Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong
    3Guangxi Jinling Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Group Co., Ltd., Nanning 530000
  • Received:2021-09-13 Accepted:2022-05-27 Online:2022-12-01 Published:2022-12-06
  • Contact: JingTing SHU E-mail:tyj3030@126.com;shujingting@163.com

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Abstract:

【Objective】 The Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in the development of animal skin feather follicles. The results of previous studies indicated that the Wnt3a might be an important candidate gene that had effects on the chicken feather follicle density. In order to further verify the role of Wnt3a in the growth and development of skin feather follicle density, Wnt3a SNPs were screened and their association with feather follicle density would be analyzed in Jinling Hua chicken. The study could provide a reference for “breeding by molecular writing” of slaughter-type broilers with beautiful carcasses.【Method】 The SNPs of Wnt3a gene were screened by PCR amplification and direct sequencing, and the correlation between a single SNP marker and skin feather follicle density traits was analyzed. Haploview software was used to analyze the degree of linkage disequilibrium (LD) of these SNP loci, and the correlation between different haplotype combinations and feather follicle density traits was also analyzed..【Result】 A total of 14 SNP sites were found, and one SNP site (SNP1) was found in the second exon, which was a synonymous mutation. Four mutation sites (SNP2-SNP5) were found in the second intron, and 9 SNP sites (SNP6-SNP14) were found in the third intron. The chi-square test showed that one mutation site (SNP1) in the second exon and three mutation sites (SNP3-SNP5) in the second intron were all in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05), 9 mutation sites (SNP6-SNP14) of the third intron deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.05). The expected heterozygosity (He) of SNP1-SNP5 was less than 0.50, and the polymorphic information content (PIC) was less than 0.25. The genetic polymorphisms of these 5 SNP loci were low. The third intron had 9 mutation sites, PIC of SNP6, SNP7, SNP9 sites was less than 0.25, and the other 6 mutation sites were 0.25<PIC<0.5, which were moderately polymorphic. Single-marker association analysis showed that the number of skin feather follicle with SNP2 locus of AG genotype in males and females was significantly higher than that of GG genotype (P<0.05). The number of skin feather follicles with SNP8 locus of AA and GG genotypes in females was significantly higher than that of the AG genotype (P<0.05). The skin feather follicles density in the three genotypes in males was not significantly different. The linkage disequilibrium analysis of 14 SNPs showed that SNP6-SNP13 and SNP3-SNP5 had a strong linkage disequilibrium, respectively. SNP3, SNP4, and SNP5 produced three haplotype combinations after the combination of the two haplotypes linked by SNP3- SNP5. Association analysis found that the skin feather follicle density of the three haplotype combinations in males and females were not significantly different. After the combination of 5 main haplotypes at SNP6-SNP13 locus, the males had 7 haplotype combinations, and the skin feather follicles density was not significant. Females had 8 haplotype combinations, of which H1H1 (AACCAATTTTAATTCC) had the highest skin feather follicles density. SNP2 and SNP8 were significantly correlated with skin feather follicle density, and the haplotype combination H1H1(AGAA) and H1H2 (AGAG) were the dominant haplotypes in hens.【Conclusion】 Fourteen SNPs of Wnt3a were screened. Among them, individuals with different genotypes at rs2587721 G>A (SNP2) and rs2555967G>A (SNP8) locus had significant differences in feather follicle density. Eight SNPs (SNP6-SNP13) loci were in strong linkage disequilibrium, and the combination of H1H1 had the highest feather follicles density in females. The haplotype combination of SNP2 and SNP8 of Wnt3a H1H (AGAA), H1H2 (AGAG) and SNP6-SNP13 linked to produce the H1H1 (AACCAATTTTAATTCC) haplotype combination were significantly correlated with feather follicle density in females, which provided important genetic information for “breeding by molecular writing” on chicken skin feather follicle density.

Key words: chicken, Wnt3a, skin feather follicle, SNP sites, linkage disequilibrium

Fig. 1

The method of measuring the back feather follicles density of males and females"

Table 1

Comparison of skin feather follicles density between male and female Jinling Hua Chickens"

性别
Sex		 数量（只）
Number (individuals)		 4 cm2中毛囊个数
Number of feather follicle in 4 cm2
公Male 162 14.25b
母 Female 220 15.71a

Fig. 2

Sequencing peak map of different genotypes at 14 mutation sites of Wnt3a"

Table 2

The genetic diversity of 14 loci of Wnt3a and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test"

SNP位点
SNP locus		 基因型
Gene type		 基因型频率
Frequency of gene type		 等位基因
Allele		 等位基因频率
Frequency
of alle		 期望杂合度（He）
Expected
heterozygosity		 观察杂合度（Ho）
Observe
heterozygosity		 多态信息含量（PIC）
Polymorphic information content		 哈温平衡
(P值)
HWE (P-value)
SNP1
rs2587569		 GG 0.80 G 0.90 0.19 0.19 0.17 1.0
AA 0.01 A 0.10
AG 0.19
SNP2
rs2587721		 GG 0.79 G 0.89 0.19 0.21 0.17 0.0173
AG 0.21 A 0.11
SNP3
rs2587832		 GG 0.78 G 0.88 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.5168
TT 0.02 T 0.12
TG 0.20
SNP4
rs2587845		 AA 0.78 A 0.88 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.5168
CC 0.02 C 0.12
CA 0.20
SNP5
rs2587849		 TT 0.78 T 0.88 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.5168
CC 0.02 C 0.12
CT 0.20
SNP6
rs2555891		 GG 0.07 G 0.11 0.20 0.09 0.18 1.9837E-16
AA 0.84 A 0.89
GA 0.09
SNP7
rs2555961		 TT 0.07 T 0.11 0.20 0.09 0.18 1.9837E-16
CC 0.84 C 0.89
TC 0.09
SNP8
rs2555967		 GG 0.42 G 0.53 0.50 0.23 0.37 8.9336E-28
AA 0.36 A 0.47
AG 0.23
SNP9
rs2556041		 CC 0.07 C 0.11 0.20 0.09 0.18 1.9837E-16
TT 0.84 T 0.89
CT 0.09
SNP10
rs2556078		 TT 0.62 C 0.29 0.41 0.18 0.33 4.1697E-26
CC 0.20 T 0.71
CT 0.18
SNP11
rs2556088		 AA 0.49 A 0.59 0.49 0.19 0.37 1.3379E-33
CC 0.32 C 0.41
AC 0.19
ASNP12
rs2556093		 TT 0.49 C 0.41 0.49 0.19 0.37 1.3379E-33
CC 0.32 T 0.59
TC 0.19
SNP13
rs2556109		 AA 0.42 A 0.52 0.50 0.20 0.37 3.0303E-34
CC 0.38 C 0.48
AC 0.20
SNP14
rs2556178		 GG 0.19 G 0.24 0.37 0.11 0.30 8.4255E-39
TT 0.70 T 0.76
TG 0.11

Fig. 3

The linkage disequilibrium analysis among 14 SNP loci of Wnt3a A: Linkage disequilibrium plot. The color of the square ranges from light to deep indicates that the degree of linkage from low to high. The value represents the strength of the linkage disequilibrium between the sites (numerical value = D'value × 100); B: Haplotype analysis. The thicker the line, the more likely it is to combine adjacent haplotypes"

Table 3

Association analysis of Wnt3a locus and skin feather follicle density traits (Mean±SE)"

位点
Locus		 性别
Sex		 基因型
Gene type		 毛囊密度（个/4 cm2）
Skin feather follicle density(individual/4 cm2）		 数量
Number
SNP2（rs2587721）
A>G		 公 A G 14.93±0.35a 40
G G 14.03±0.20b 122
母 A G 18.44±0.56a 41
G G 15.09±0.274b 179
SNP8（rs2555967） 公 A A 14.20±0.30 55
A G 14.30±0.39 33
G G 14.27±0.26 74
母 A A 16.57±0.42a 81
A G 14.79±0.52b 53
G G 15.48±0.41ab 86

Table 4

Association analysis between Wnt3a SNP3-SNP5 locus haplotype combination and skin feather follicle density traits (Mean±SE)"

性别
Sex		 单倍型组合
Haplotype combination		 基因型
Gene type		 毛囊密度
Skin feather follicle density (individual/4 cm2)		 数量
Number
公 Male H1H1 GGAATT 14.23±0.20 122
H1H2 TGCACT 14.37±0.38 35
H2H2 TTCCCC 14.00±1.00 5
母 Female H1H1 GGAATT 15.69±0.29 177
H1H2 TGCACT 15.81±0.60 41

Table 5

Association analysis between Wnt3a SNP6-SNP13 locus haplotype combination and skin feather follicle density traits (Mean±SE)"

性别
Sex		 单倍型组合
Haplotype combination		 基因型
Gene type		 毛囊密度（个/4cm2）
Skin feather follicle density (individual/4 cm2)		 数量
Number
公 Male H1H1 AACCAATTTTAATTCC 14.20±0.30 55
H1H2 AACCAGTTCTCACTCA 14.50±0.47 22
H2H2 AACCGGTTCCCCCCAA 14.28±0.37 36
H3H3 AACCGGTTTTCCCCAA 14.47±0.51 19
H1H4 AGCTAGCTTTAATTCA 14.00±0.74 6
H3H4 AGCTGGCTCTCACTAA 13.17±0.91 5
H4H4 GGTTGGCCTTAATTAA 14.00±0.74 9
母Female H1H1 AACCAATTTTAATTCC 16.57±0.42a 81
H1H2 AACCAGTTCTCACTCA 15.83±0.77ab 24
H1H5 AACCAGTTCTCACTCC 12.45±1.14c 11
H2H2 AACCGGTTCCCCCCAA 15.08±0.60b 40
H3H3 AACCGGTTTTCCCCAA 16.25±0.77ab 24
H1H4 AGCTAGCTTTAATTCA 14.71±0.91bc 17
H3H4 AGCTGGCTCTCACTAA 15.75±1.88abc 4
H4H4 GGTTGGCCTTAATTAA 14.81±0.94bc 16

Table 6

Association analysis between Wnt3a SNP2, SNP8 locus haplotype combination and skin feather follicle density traits (Mean±SE)"

性别
Sex		 SNP2，SNP8单倍型组合
Haplotype combination of SNP2 and SNP8 locus		 基因型
Gene type		 毛囊密度（个/4 cm2）
Skin feather follicle density (individual/4 cm2)		 数量
Number
公 Male H1H1 AGAA 14.40±0.70 10
H1H2 AGAG 15.00±0.78 8
H1H3 AGGG 15.14±0.47 22
H2H1 GGAA 14.16±0.33 45
H2H2 GGAG 14.08±0.44 25
H2H3 GGGG 13.90±0.31 52
母 Female H1H1 AGAA 18.57± 0.78a 21
H1H2 AGAG 19.00±1.27a 8
H1H3 AGGG 17.83± 1.04ab 12
H2H1 GGAA 15.87± 0.46b 60
H2H2 GGAG 14.04± 0.53c 45
H2H3 GGGG 15.10± 0.42bc 74
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