基于AquaCrop模型的大豆灌溉制度优化研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.17.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of AquaCrop model in the Guanzhong Plain and to explore the optimal irrigation schedule for summer soybean under various precipitation year types. 【Method】 AquaCrop model was calibrated by using field experiment data and then used to simulate soybean yield and water use efficiency under 14 irrigation systems with three different precipitation years from 1961 to 2019.【Result】 The determination coefficient (R²), root mean square error (RMSE), standard root mean square error (NRMSE) and Nash efficiency coefficient (EF) of simulated and measured soybean yield under the highest yield treatment by AquaCrop model were 0.96, 7.15%, 11.03% and 0.94, respectively, which of simulated and measured biomass values were 0.99, 526.04 kg·hm^-2, 14.45% and 0.97, respectively. A good agreement was observed for final yield simulation with the R², RMSE, NRMSE, and EF were 0.97, 49.98 kg·hm^-2, 1.74% and 0.82, respectively. The R² values of the measured and simulated canopy coverage and biomass of each treatment were greater than 0.95, indicating that the AquaCrop model could better simulate the growth and development dynamics and yield of soybean in Guanzhong Plain. Combined with the simulation results of the model, the water requirements of the whole growth period of soybean were 398.2 mm. The water requirements of each growth period were significantly different for three precipitation years. The water requirements in the soybean branch stage were 127.8 mm, the water requirements of flowering and podding stage were 212.6 mm, and those of grain filling stage were 57.7 mm. Combined with the simulation of different irrigation systems for three different precipitation years, it was found that the flowering and podding period stage was the key period of water demand, and the water supply in this growth period affected the final yield of soybean. Simulation resulted showed that no irrigation was needed in wet years. In the normal and dry years, it was recommended to irrigate only 45 mm and 70 mm at flowering and podding stage to achieve the maximum yield of 2 699 kg·hm^-2 and 2 486 kg·hm^-2, and the maximum water use efficiency of 0.74 kg·m^-3 and 0.7 kg·m^-3, respectively. 【Conclusion】 To ensure higher soybean yield and water use efficiency, the soybean irrigation schedule in this region should be determined based on the distribution of different precipitation years, which could be used as a reference for the soybean irrigation system in the Guanzhong Plain region.

Key words: soybean, AquaCrop model, production, irrigation schedule, Guanzhong plain

WANG QiaoJuan,HE Hong,LI Liang,ZHANG Chao,CAI HuanJie. Research on Soybean Irrigation Schedule Based on AquaCrop Model[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(17): 3365-3379.

Figures/Tables 11

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References 49

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土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	黏粒 Clay (%)	粉粒 Silt (%)	砂粒 Sand (%)	凋萎含水量 Wilting point (cm³·cm^-3)	饱和含水量 Saturation (cm³·cm^-3)	田间持水量 Field capacity (cm³·cm^-3)	土壤容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)
0-20	26.12	40.00	33.88	11.00	32.00	31.00	1.30
20-40	27.33	41.25	31.42	11.00	38.20	31.10	1.41
40-60	28.20	42.40	29.40	11.00	38.60	31.20	1.45
60-80	26.10	41.83	32.07	13.00	39.00	31.00	1.52
80-100	26.12	41.85	32.03	13.00	39.00	33.00	1.55

符号Symbol	定义 Definition	取值 Value	单位 Unit
Tbase	基底温度 Base temperature	5	℃
Tupper	上限温度 Upper temperature	40	℃
CGC	冠层增长系数 Canopy growth coefficient	0.11000	℃·d^-1
CCx	最大冠层覆盖度 Maximum canopy cover	96	%
CDC	冠层衰减系数 Canopy decline coefficient	0.015	℃·d^-1
Zmin	最小有效生根深度 Minimum effective rooting depth	0.3	m
Zx	最大有效生根深度 Maxmum effective rooting depth	1.2	m
Rexshp	根区膨胀的形状因子 Shape factor for root zone expansion	1.5	m
Kcb	作物系数 Crop coefficient
KcTrx	作物蒸腾系数 Crop coefficient for transpiration	1.05	-
WP^*	标准水分生产力 Water productivity normalized for ET₀ and CO₂	12	g·m^-2
HI₀	参考收获参数 Reference harvest index	38	%
Pexp,upper	限制冠层伸展的土壤水分消耗上限阈值 Soil water depletion threshold for canopy expansion-Upper threshold	0.15	-
Pexp,lower	限制冠层伸展的土壤水分消耗下限阈值 Soil water depletion threshold for canopy expansion-Lower threshold	0.65	-
Pexp,shp	限制冠层伸展的水分胁迫系数曲线的形状因子 Shape factor for coefficient for canopy expansion	2.5	-
Psto,upper	气孔控制土壤水分耗竭阈值上限阈值 Soil water depletion for stomata control-Upper threshold	0.6	-
Psen,upper	冠层衰老的土壤水分耗竭因子上限阈值Soil water depletion factor for canopy senescence-Upper threshold	0.7	-
Ppol,upper	授粉土壤水分耗竭因子上限阈值Soil water depletion factor for pollination-Upper threshold	0.8	-

		产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)
	处理 Treatment		模拟值 Simulated value	实测值 Measured value	相对误差 Relative error (%)
校正 Calibration	I60BS	1	3026	2988	1.26
	I60BS	2	3021	2978	1.42
	I0	1	2832	2785	1.66
	I0	2	2784	2717	2.41
验证 Validation	I60B	1	2924	2901	0.79
	I60B	2	2984	2974	0.34
	I60S	1	2890	2852	1.31
	I60S	2	2861	2783	2.73

灌溉方案 Irrigation schedule	灌溉定额 Irrigation amount (mm)	产量Yield (kg·hm^-2)			水分利用效率WUE (kg·m^-3)
灌溉方案 Irrigation schedule	灌溉定额 Irrigation amount (mm)	干旱年 Dry year	平水年 Normal year	湿润年 Wet year	干旱年 Dry year	平水年 Normal year	湿润年 Wet year
P1	0	1700	2455	2780	0.51	0.69	0.79
P2	45	1874	2548	2857	0.52	0.69	0.78
P3	45	2279	2699	2867	0.63	0.74	0.81
P4	45	2117	2571	2791	0.61	0.71	0.79
P5	70	1879	2554	2865	0.52	0.69	0.78
P6	70	2486	2758	2873	0.70	0.75	0.81
P7	70	2185	2581	2791	0.62	0.72	0.79
P8	90	2470	2787	2941	0.64	0.73	0.79
P9	90	2328	2667	2870	0.62	0.71	0.78
P10	90	2505	2743	2869	0.68	0.74	0.81
P11	140	2661	2843	2951	0.68	0.74	0.79
P12	140	2644	2773	2871	0.69	0.75	0.81
P13	140	2398	2679	2875	0.63	0.71	0.78
P14	210	2827	2861	2950	0.70	0.74	0.79

Research on Soybean Irrigation Schedule Based on AquaCrop Model

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灌溉方案 Irrigation schedule	生育期阶段灌溉量Growth stage (mm)			灌溉定额 Irrigation amount (mm)
灌溉方案 Irrigation schedule	分枝期（30 d） Branching stage	开花-结荚期（70 d） Flowering and podding stage	鼓粒期（90 d） Seed filling stage	灌溉定额 Irrigation amount (mm)
P1	0	0	0	0
P2	45	0	0	45
P3	0	45	0	45
P4	0	0	45	45
P5	70	0	0	70
P6	0	70	0	70
P7	0	0	70	70
P8	45	45	0	90
P9	45	0	45	90
P10	0	45	45	90
P11	70	70	0	140
P12	0	70	70	140
P13	70	0	70	140
P14	70	70	70	210

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