单季麦秸还田促进小麦-玉米周年碳效率和经济效益协同提高

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.02.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to optimize straw returning method in wheat-maize double cropping system and to realize the coordinated improvement of system carbon efficiency and economic benefits, so as to promote the sustainable production of wheat-maize double cropping system. 【Method】Based on the long-term field experiment with 8 years of straw returning, this study analyzed the effects of wheat-maize straw returning (D) and single season wheat straw returning (S) on crop straw production and farmland carbon input, and identified the effects of different carbon inputs on wheat, maize, and annual yields, as well as yield stability and sustainability. The response characteristics of carbon efficiency and economic benefits to different carbon inputs in wheat-maize planting system were systematically analyzed. 【Result】 (1)The average annual straw returning quantity of D and S was 13.54 and 5.43 t·hm^-2, respectively. The biomass of roots and stubble putting into farmland soil under D were about 3.04 and 2.14 t·hm^-2, respectively, with no significant difference compared with S (P>0.05). The carbon input of root, root stubble and root exudates under S was 1.34, 0.97 and 1.35 t·hm^-2, respectively, which showed no significant difference compared with D (P>0.05). (2) The input of agricultural resources and management carbon under S was 1.73 t C·hm^-2, which was 51.29 kg C·hm^-2 less than that under D. The total carbon input under S and D were 9.00 and 12.30 t C·hm^-2, respectively, with a significant decrease of 26.82% (P<0.05). The difference of straw input was the main factor that caused the significant difference of farmland carbon input. The annual average straw carbon input under S was 2.31t C·hm^-2, which was 60.85% less than that under D. (3) The annual average maize yield under S was 7.29 t·hm^-2, which was 5.48% lower than that under D. The wheat yield under D (7.76 t·hm^-2) was 5.67% and 0.26% lower than that under S, respectively. However, the sum of wheat and maize yields under S was not significantly different from that under D. The annual yield stability and sustainability indexes under S were 0.19 and 0.63, respectively, which showed no significant difference compared with D (P>0.05). (4) The annual grain carbon production of S and D were 6.27 and 6.25 t C·hm^-2, respectively, and the plant carbon production were 15.96 and 15.74 t C·hm^-2, respectively. The carbon production efficiency and carbon ecological efficiency under S were 0.69 kg·kg^-1 and 1.77 kg·kg^-1, respectively, significantly increased by 60.47% and 39.37% compared with D (P<0.05). (5) In wheat season, the inter-annual average output value and inter-annual average net income under S were ¥18 900 and ¥7 200 per hectare, respectively, which showed no significant difference compared with D (P>0.05). In the maize season, the annual average output value and the annual average net income of S were ¥19 100 and ¥8 010 per hectare, respectively, which were increased by ¥3 880 and ¥3 990 compared with D, respectively. The annual interannual average output value and interannual average net income under S were ¥38 600 and ¥15 600 per hectare, with 14.81% and 51.54% higher than those under D, respectively. 【Conclusion】Under the premise of not significantly affecting the annual wheat - maize grain yield, stability and sustainability of crop production, the only wheat straw returning reduced the maize straw returning, and synergistic improved the carbon efficiency and economic benefit of wheat-maize double cropping system.

Key words: straw returning, crop production, carbon efficiency, economic benefit

WANG Liang,LIU YuanYuan,QIAN Xin,ZHANG Hui,DAI HongCui,LIU KaiChang,GAO YingBo,FANG ZhiJun,LIU ShuTang,LI ZongXin. The Single Season Wheat Straw Returning to Promote the Synergistic Improvement of Carbon Efficiency and Economic Benefit in Wheat- Maize Double Cropping System[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(2): 350-364.

Figures/Tables 10

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生产物资 Resource input	小麦 Wheat		玉米 Maize		碳排放系数 C index
生产物资 Resource input	D	S	D	S	碳排放系数 C index
种子 Seed (kg·hm^-2)	172.5	172.5	22.5	22.5	小麦 Wheat:0.11 kg C·kg^-1
种子 Seed (kg·hm^-2)	172.5	172.5	22.5	22.5	玉米 Maize:1.05 kg C·kg^-1
复合肥 Fertilizer (kg·hm^-2)	600	600	600	600	0.90 kg C·kg^-1
尿素 Urea (kg·hm^-2)	225	225	225	225	1.74 kg C·kg^-1
杀虫剂 Pesticide (kg·hm^-2)	7.85	7.85	7.85	7.85	3.90 kg C·kg^-1
杀菌剂 Fungicide (kg·hm^-2)	4.85	4.85	4.85	4.85	5.10 kg C·kg^-1
灌溉 Irrigation (kW·h)	250.2	250.2	83.4	83.4	0.92 kg C·kW^-1·h^-1
机械 Machinery (L·hm^-2)	145	145	104.5	85	2.63 kg C·L^-1
人工 Labor (d·hm^-2)	55.2	55.2	55.2	55.2	0.92 kg C·d^-1

生产物资 Resource input	小麦季 Wheat		玉米季 Maize		单价 Price
生产物资 Resource input	D	S	D	S	单价 Price
种子 Seed (yuan/hm²)	1086.75	1086.75	848.25	848.25	小麦 Wheat 6.3 yuan/kg
种子 Seed (yuan/hm²)	1086.75	1086.75	848.25	848.25	玉米 Maize 37.7 yuan/kg
复合肥 Fertilizer (yuan/hm²)	3588	3588	3588	3588	5.98 yuan/kg
尿素 Urea (yuan/hm²)	787.5	787.5	787.5	787.5	3.5 yuan/kg
杀虫剂 Pesticide (yuan/hm²)	549.5	549.5	549.5	549.5	70.0 yuan/kg
杀菌剂 Fungicide (yuan/hm²)	315.25	315.25	315.25	315.25	65.0 yuan/kg
灌溉 Irrigation (yuan/hm²)	200.16	200.16	66.72	66.72	0.8 yuan/(kW·h)
机械 Machinery (yuan/hm²)	739.5	739.5	532.95	433.5	5.1 yuan/L
人工 Labor (yuan/hm²)	4416	4416	4416	4416	80.0 yuan/d
总投入 Total inputs (yuan/hm²)	11682.66	11682.66	11104.17	11004.72	—

The Single Season Wheat Straw Returning to Promote the Synergistic Improvement of Carbon Efficiency and Economic Benefit in Wheat- Maize Double Cropping System

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