黄绿叶突变体冀麦5265yg的光合生理特性分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.21.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Leaf color mutants are ideal materials for studying chlorophyll synthesis, chloroplast development and photosynthesis. In order to clarify the regulation mechanism of photosynthesis and lay a foundation for the further utilization of wheat yellow-green leaf mutants, the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of wheat were studied.【Method】The wild type Jimai5265 and the mutant Jimai5265yg were used as test materials. The phenotype of leaf color was observed, the chlorophyll content and enzyme activity were measured by spectrophotometer and kit, respectively. The photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were determined by the Li-6400 portable photosynthetic apparatus and PAM100 modulated chlorophyll fluorometer.【Result】The results of phenotypic observation and pigment content showed that the leaves of the mutant were yellow-green at seedling stage, and gradually changed to light green after heading stage. Leaf color of the mutant was partly recovered by shading treatment, but it was slightly lighter than the wild type, which indicated that it belonged to the mutants of light induced to promote greening. The content of chlorophyll a and b in the mutant leaves was significantly reduced, and the ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b was increased, indicating that Jimai5265yg was a typical chlorophyll deficient mutant. The light response curves and CO₂ response curve displayed that surface sight-seeing quantum efficiency (AQY), light saturation point (LSP), maximum net photosynthetic rate (P_n-max), light compensation point (LCP), dark respiration rate (Rd), spindle efficiency (CE) and saturated CO₂ concentration (I_-_sat) of the mutant was significantly higher than the wild type, indicating that the mutant had quite stable the photosynthetic mechanism and higher photosynthetic rate under the strong light; The photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic parameters indicated that the net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r), stomatal conductance (G_s), photochemical quantum efficiency (F_v/F_m), the actual photochemical efficiency (Φ PSII) and light chemical quenching coefficient (qP) of the mutant were significantly higher compared with the wild type, which showed that Jimai5265yg had the ability of strong light energy conversion and CO₂ fixation; The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in mutant was decreased significantly, while the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein, were significantly increased. The results indicated that the antioxidant enzyme system could reduce oxidative damage by scavenging oxygen free radicals. The damage degree of cell membrane in the mutant leaf was reduced and its stress resistance was enhanced. The activity of ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) in mutant was significantly lower, while the activity of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) was significantly higher than that of the wild type. It was speculated that the increased activity of the C₄ pathway photozyme PEPC might be the key factor for the higher net photosynthetic rate of the mutant. Post-flowering shading and exogenous spraying of Ascorbic acid and dithiothreitol DTT showed that the mutants were more sensitive to change of light intensity, and the content of AsA in leaves and the efficiency of xanthophyl cycle were higher.【Conclusion】Improvement of stomatal conductance, decrease of heat dissipation and increase of C₄ pathway photozyme activity in yellow green leaf mutant Jimai5265yg were the main reasons for the increase of photosynthetic rate. These results laid the foundation for the molecular regulation of high photosynthesis properties of wheat leaf mutants.

Key words: wheat, yellow-green leaf mutant, photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameter, enzyme activity

ZHENG Wei, SHI Zheng, LONG Mei, LIAO YunCheng. Photosynthetic and Physiological Characteristics Analysis of Yellow- Green Leaf Mutant in Wheat of Jimai5265yg[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(21): 4539-4551.

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材料 Material	叶绿素 a Chl a	叶绿素 b Chl b	类胡萝卜素 Car	叶绿素a/b Chl (a/b)	总叶绿素 Total Chl	胡萝卜素/叶绿素 Car/Chl ratio
冀麦5265 Jimai5265	1.06±0.20a	0.31±0.05a	0.23±0.03a	3.44±0.08b	1.36±0.25a	0.17±0.01b
冀麦5265yg Jimai5265yg	0.65±0.07b	0.13±0.01b	0.20±0.02a	5.05±0.36a	0.78±0.09b	0.25±0.06a

特征参数值 Parameter	材料 Material
特征参数值 Parameter	冀麦5265 Jimai5265	冀麦5265yg Jimai5265yg
表观量子效率 AQY (µmol·µmol^-1)	0.0669±0.009b	0.0719±0.006a
光饱和点 LSP (µmol·m^-2·s^-1)	1619±35.69b	1873±56.32a
光补偿点 LCP (µmol·m^-2·s^-1)	37.65±4.19b	56.84±5.63a
最大净光合速率 P_n-max (µmol·m^-2·s^-1)	29.47±1.34b	45.96±2.28a
暗呼吸速率 Rd (µmol·m^-2·s^-1)	2.44±0.74b	3.82±0.59a
羧化效率 CE (mol·m^-2·s^-1)	0.17±0.03b	0.25±0.04a
光合能力 A_n-max(µmol·m^-2·s^-1)	41.16±3.12b	50.85±6.24a
饱和CO₂浓度 I_-sat (µmol·mol^-1)	610.93±53b	890.14±74a
CO₂补偿点 Γ (µmol·mol^-1)	56.51±3.18a	51.66±2.12b
光呼吸速率 Rp (mol·m^-2·s^-1)	8.74±0.09a	11.40±0.24b

生育时期 Growth stage	材料 Material	净光合速率 Pn (µmol·m^-2·s^-1)	气孔导度 Gs (mmol·m^-2·s^-1)	胞间CO₂浓度 Ci (µmolmol^-1)	蒸腾速率 Tr (mmol·m^-2·s^-1)
拔节期 Jointing stage	冀麦5265 Jimai5265	10.67±0.99	0.13±0.02	245.07±43.51	3.65±0.68
拔节期 Jointing stage	冀麦5265yg Jimai5265yg	13.82±1.81*	0.14±0.06	249.93±38.02	4.00±1.18
开花期 Flowering stage	冀麦5265 Jimai5265	20.95±1.37	0.38±0.06	286.92±17.33	7.59±0.62
开花期 Flowering stage	冀麦5265yg Jimai5265yg	25.63±1.02*	0.66±0.13*	306.59±14.86*	8.54±0.43*
灌浆期 Filling stage	冀麦5265 Jimai5265	15.89±0.77	0.27±0.05	98.25±12.67	6.12±0.69
灌浆期 Filling stage	冀麦5265yg Jimai5265yg	16.93±1.05*	0.32±0.05	109.40±6.88	7.34±0.92*

参数 Parameter	拔节期 Jointing stage		开花期Flowering stage		灌浆期Filling stage
参数 Parameter	冀麦5265 Jimai5265	冀麦5265yg Jimai5265yg	冀麦5265 Jimai5265	冀麦5265yg Jimai5265yg	冀麦5265 Jimai5265	冀麦5265yg Jimai5265yg
F₀	0.331±0.009	0.201±0.014**	0.350±0.015	0.315±0.016*	0.394±0.010	0.335±0.013*
F_0'	0.233±0.005	0.186±0.005**	0.318±0.012	0.291±0.017	0.380±0.011	0.347±0.016
F_m'	0.477±0.012	0.633±0.039**	1.305±0.056	1.293±0.141	1.514±0.065	1.362±0.132
F_v/F_m	0.729±0.009	0.758±0.014*	0.831±0.007	0.841±0.010*	0.817±0.008	0.817±0.006
Φ_qP	0.306±0.030	0.681±0.040**	0.756±0.010	0.775±0.015*	0.748±0.011	0.744±0.014
Φ_PSII	0.322±0.030	0.486±0.039**	0.572±0.041	0.611±0.029	0.578±0.027	0.616±0.008*
qP	0.630±0.073	0.690±0.054	0.773±0.054	0.789±0.040	0.772±0.028	0.827±0.019
NPQ	1.566±0.128	0.323±0.206**	0.601±0.089	0.533±0.088	0.151±0.066	0.070±0.033**
qL	0.456±0.083	0.400±0.067	0.459±0.075	0.462±0.064	0.461±0.034	0.550±0.043

材料 Material	果糖 Fructose	葡萄糖 Glucose	蔗糖 Sucrose	松三糖 Melezitose
冀麦5265 Jimai5265	12.942±3.564a	24.073±4.644a	15.737±9.366b	0.032±0.022b
冀麦5265yg Jimai5265yg	17.442±5.497a	28.749±7.785a	60.67±15.500a	0.091±0.045a

Photosynthetic and Physiological Characteristics Analysis of Yellow- Green Leaf Mutant in Wheat of Jimai5265yg

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