玉米-大豆间套作下田间小气候对大豆花形态建成进程的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.13.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of field microclimate change on the process of soybean flower bud differentiation under maize-soybean intercropping system, so as to provide a morphological basis for clarifying the response mechanism of soybean to the change of growth environment. 【Method】 The field experiment was carried out from 2018 to 2019. The two-factor split zone experiment was set. The primary factors were different soybean varieties: Nandou 25 (ND), Guixia 3 (GX), and Gongqiudou 8 (GQ), and the secondary factors were soybean monoculture (SS), maize-soybean relay intercropping system (RI), and maize-soybean strip intercropping system (SI). In 2018, the continuous morphological anatomy of the flower buds at the top of the main stem of soybean was observed at 40, 47, 54 and 61 days (d) after emergence, respectively. On this basis, the flower buds at the top, middle and bottom of the main stem of soybean were further observed at 54 d after emergence in 2019. At the same time, in 2019, the effects of microclimate changes such as light transmittance, field temperature, relative humidity and CO₂ concentration on flower bud differentiation in different parts of soybean under different planting patterns were statistically analyzed.【Result】In 2018, the flower bud differentiation of three soybean varieties showed that GQ was faster than ND and GX. At 47 and 61 d after emergence, soybean was in the late stage of vegetative growth and early stage of reproductive growth, and the biggest difference among different planting patterns was that the process of flower bud differentiation under intercropping system was slightly faster than that under monoculture. In 2019, the flower bud differentiation process of soybean in the critical period from vegetative growth to reproductive growth (54 d after emergence) was observed. It was found that the three soybean varieties all showed canopy > middle > bottom, but the performance was different in different planting systems. The flower bud differentiation process of SS in ND and GX was slower than that of RI and SI. The flower bud differentiation processes of GQ were no significant difference among the three planting systems. The light transmittance of ND, GX and GQ was an inflection point at 60 d after emergence, and the canopy light transmittance of RI and SI was not significantly different from that of SS. Although the light transmittance of the central and bottom showed a downward trend, it was significantly higher than that of SS. At 70 d after emergence, the canopy light transmittance of ND, GX and GQ of SI was the lowest, which was 82.1%, 88.2% and 86.8%, respectively, while the canopy transmittance of SS and RI was close to 100%. In the later stage of reproductive growth, the daily average temperature of ND, GX and GQ in RI and SI was higher than that of SS, and which of RI was higher than that of SI. The relative humidity of ND, GX and GQ under different planting systems all had a significant downward trend at 70 d after emergence, among which the relative humidity of RI was the lowest, which was 73.5%, 75.4% and 78.2%, respectively. The CO₂ concentration of ND, GX and GQ under RI and SI was lower than that of SS, and the CO₂ concentration of RI was the lowest, especially at 70 d after emergence, which was 10.3%, 10.2% and 10.9% lower than that of SS, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system could promote the transformation of soybean flower buds from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. In the late growth stage of soybean, especially after relay intercropped maize harvested, the light transmittance of central and bottom of intercropped soybean was significantly higher than that of monoculture, while the interrow temperature, relative humidity and CO₂concentration of relay intercropping system were lower than those of monoculture. Therefore, the interrow microenvironment of this intercropping system was better than that of monoculture, which was beneficial to pod development in the later stage of soybean reproductive growth and provided a morphological basis for yield formation mechanism.

Key words: intercropping, soybean, field microclimate, flower bud differentiation

DU Qing,CHEN Ping,LIU ShanShan,LUO Kai,ZHENG BenChuan,YANG Huan,HE Shun,YANG WenYu,YONG TaiWen. Effect of Field Microclimate on the Difference of Soybean Flower Morphology Under Maize-Soybean Relay Strip Intercropping System[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(13): 2746-2758.

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Effect of Field Microclimate on the Difference of Soybean Flower Morphology Under Maize-Soybean Relay Strip Intercropping System

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