马铃薯健株与黄萎病株根际土壤真菌群落结构及其对碳源利用特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.02.006

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to research the differences of the structure and functional diversity of fungal community in the rhizosphere soil of healthy and diseased potato plants, and to clarify the relationship between the structure of soil fungal community and the occurrence of verticillium wilt, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the final explanation of the causes of potato verticillium wilt and ecological control from the perspective of microbial ecology.【Method】The rhizosphere soil of healthy and diseased plants of verticillium wilt of potato was collected from Bashang area in Hebei Province. The number of ITS gene copies of Verticillium dahliae was determined by real-time quantitative PCR, and the structure of soil fungal communities was measured by high-throughput sequencing (Illumina MiSeq). The quantity of V. dahliae and the community of soil fungi were analyzed. The redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to determine the correlation between fungal community structure and soil nutrient. Meanwhile, the utilization capacity of rhizosphere soil microorganisms of healthy and diseased plants to carbon source was compared by Biolog-Eco plate method.【Result】The occurrence of verticillium wilt of potato was related to the ITS gene copy number of V. dahliae in soil. The ITS gene copy number of pathogens was high in rhizosphere soil of diseased plants, but not detected in healthy plants. Illumina MiSeq analysis showed that the diversity index of fungi in rhizosphere soil of diseased plants was lower than that of healthy plants, but the diversity difference was not significant. Compared with the rhizosphere soil of healthy plants, at phylum level, the relative abundance of Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota was increased by 20.68% and 16.16%, respectively, while that of Basidiomycota was decreased by 51.43%. At genus level, the average relative abundance of Verticillium, Penicillium, Vishniacozyma, Rhodotorula and Cladosporium in rhizosphere soil of diseased plants was increased by 71.96, 3.62, 6.11, 15.38 and 6.24 times, respectively, while that of Plectosaphaerella, Guehomyces, Stachybotrys, Gibberella, Aspergillus was decreased by 45.10%, 61.41%, 96.87%, 45.85% and 44.39%, respectively. RDA of fungal community composition and soil nutrient showed that the relative abundance of dominant communities in rhizosphere soil of healthy plants (such as Plectosaphaerella, Guehomyces, Grapevine, Gibberella and Aspergillus) was positively correlated with nitrate nitrogen (NO₃ ^--N), organic matter (OM) and pH, while the relative abundance of dominant communities in rhizosphere soil of diseased plants (such as Verticillium, Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Mortierella, Humicola, Penicillium, Vishniacozyma, Rhodotorula and Cladosporium) was positively correlated with inorganic phosphorus (IP) and available phosphorus (AP). The AWCD values of rhizosphere soil of healthy and diseased plants indicated that the utilization ability of microorganisms to carbon source in rhizosphere soil of diseased plants was higher than that of healthy plants. Further analysis showed that, compared with the healthy plants, the utilization ability of rhizosphere soil microorganisms to carboxylic acids carbon source was significantly improved, while the utilization ability to amino acids, amines, carbohydrates, polymers and miscellaneous was not significantly different.【Conclusion】The decrease of fungal diversity and the change of community structure in rhizosphere soil of healthy and diseased plants are the important characteristics of potato verticillium wilt. The significant increase of relative abundance of Verticillium is the most important characteristic, and the structure of fungal community is affected by soil nutrient. At the same time, the utilization of carboxylic acids carbon source is significantly increased by rhizosphere soil microorganisms of diseased plants.

Key words: potato verticillium wilt, Verticillium dahliae, rhizosphere soil, fungal community structure, Illumina MiSeq, soil nutrient, Biolog technique

ZHAO WeiSong,GUO QingGang,SU ZhenHe,WANG PeiPei,DONG LiHong,HU Qing,LU XiuYun,ZHANG XiaoYun,LI SheZeng,MA Ping. Characterization of Fungal Community Structure in the Rhizosphere Soil of Healthy and Diseased-Verticillium Wilt Potato Plants and Carbon Source Utilization[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(2): 296-309.

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指标 Index	健株Healthy plant	病株Diseased plant
硝态氮NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)	13.38±4.48a	10.03±7.69b
pH	6.89±0.02a	6.83±0.03a
速效磷AP (mg·kg^-1)	373.51±60.03b	897.00±20.08a
无机磷IP (μg·g^-1)	99.40±11.71b	189.84±18.26a
有机质OM (%)	0.77±0.01a	0.64±0.01b
数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著（P<0.05）。下同 Different lowercases after the data indicate significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below

处理 Treatment	Sobs 指数 Sobs index	香浓指数 Shannon index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	ACE 指数 ACE index	Chao I 指数 Chao I index
健株Healthy plant	236.50±21.42a	2.5066±0.2077a	0.1753±0.0364a	291.44±17.11a	292.95±20.21a
病株Diseased plant	222.00±15.10a	2.4829±0.2238a	0.1730±0.0504a	280.17±25.83a	278.20±27.49a

Characterization of Fungal Community Structure in the Rhizosphere Soil of Healthy and Diseased-Verticillium Wilt Potato Plants and Carbon Source Utilization

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[3]	WANG Feng, CHANG YunNi, WU ZhiDan, SUN Jun, JIANG FuYing, CHEN YuZhen, YU WenQuan. Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Application on Soil Fungal Diversity, Functional Groups and Assembly Processes in Tea Gardens [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(2): 368-385.
[4]	LUO YiNuo, LI YanFei, LI WenHu, ZHANG SiQi, MU WenYan, HUANG Ning, SUN RuiQing, DING YuLan, SHE WenTing, SONG WenBin, LI XiaoHan, SHI Mei, WANG ZhaoHui. Iron Concentrations in Grain and Its Different Parts of Newly Developed Wheat Varieties (Lines) in China and Influencing Factors [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(3): 416-430.
[5]	ZHANG Feng, XU JunFeng, GAO ZhiYuan, DANG HaiYan, GUO RongBo, SHE WenTing, LI WenHu, LIU JinShan, WANG ZhaoHui. Optimizing Wheat Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates Based on Apparent Nitrogen and Phosphorus Balance in a Long-Term Location Fixed Field Experiment [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(22): 4688-4702.
[6]	ZHANG SiJia, YANG Jie, ZHAO Shuai, LI LiWei, WANG GuiYan. The Impact of Diversified Crops and Wheat-Maize Rotations on Soil Quality in the North China Plain [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(2): 238-251.
[7]	ZHAO Jian, REN Tao, FANG YaTing, YANG Xin, SHENG QianNan, LI XiaoKun, ZHU Jun, LU JianWei. Effect of Nitrogen Application on Organic Nitrogen Mineralization Functional Genes in Rapeseed and Wheat Rhizosphere Soils Under Different Rotation Patterns [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(19): 3919-3931.
[8]	WU Yong, WEN Xue, WANG TianShu, HUANG YanYan, MENG YiLi, JIANG HongYu, BI LiDong, WU HuiJun, YAO ShuiHong. The Influence of Topographic Factors and Ridge Tillage Methods on Soil Nutrients and Fertility Index of Sloping Arable Land in the Black Soil Region [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(18): 3676-3689.
[9]	GUO Lei, ZHANG BinBin, SHEN ZhiJun, YAN Juan, XU JianLan, CAI ZhiXiang, YU MingLiang, WANG FaLin, SONG HongFeng. The Release Characteristics of Medium and Trace Elements and Their Effects on Soil Available Nutrients after the Continuous Return of Green Manure in Peach Orchards [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(12): 2411-2426.
[10]	LU Peng, FENG Jia, LI Li, YANG Li, YANG Lei, LÜ DeZhi, XUE YanFei. Phosphorus Fractions in Rhizosphere and Bulk Soil of Wheat and Their Availability Under Long-Term Fertilization [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(12): 2382-2396.
[11]	LUO YuHong, HUANG YuShu, ZHU Na, LI Le, CHENG YanBin, LIU JiaHui, ZHANG JingMin, BAO YuFan, XU Nuo, YAN YuChun. Effects of Cultivation and Cropland Afforestation on Soil Particle- Size Distribution and Soil Nutrients in the Typical Steppe of Xilingol League [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(24): 4919-4932.
[12]	LI HaiPeng, DU WuYan, WU HanQian, ZHANG Jie, MENG HuiSheng, HONG JianPing, XU MingGang, HAO XianJun, GAO WenJun. Different Manures Affect Soil Nutrients and Bacterial Community Structure in Mining Reclamation Area [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(16): 3207-3219.
[13]	SU HaiLan, ZHU YanMing, CHEN Hong, NIU YuQing, ZHENG MeiXia, ZHU YuJing. Effects of Different Intercropping Methods on Mesona Chinesis Quality and Its Rhizosphere Soil Characteristic [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(14): 2755-2770.
[14]	WANG QingYang, CAO DianYun, WANG Di, ZHAN ZengYi, HE WanYing, SUN Qiang, CHEN WenFu, LAN Yu. Effects of Long-Term Application of Biochar on Nutrients, Fractions of Humic in Brown Soil [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(13): 2612-2622.
[15]	ZHAO WeiSong, GUO QingGang, CUI NaQi, LU XiuYun, LI SheZeng, MA Ping. Effects of Exogenous Addition of L-Proline on the Occurrence of Cotton Verticillium Wilt and Its Soil Microbial Community in Rhizosphere [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(11): 2143-2160.