小麦种质资源耐热性评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.23.001

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 High-throughput evaluation of winter and spring wheat accessions for heat tolerance via heat susceptibility index (HSI) could provide the potentially superior accessions for heat-tolerant breeding programs. 【Method】 In order to expose plants to high temperatures during grain filling period, winter wheat accessions were sown in normal and late seasons, and spring wheat accessions were sown in different geographical environments with contrasting temperatures. The thousand grain weight (TGW) of winter and spring wheat accessions were measured under normal and heat stress environments, respectively. HSI was calculated from the TGW data of two different conditions. Using heat susceptibility index, 1 325 wheat germplasms from different wheat ecological zones of China, and international areas and organizations, including 688 winter wheat accessions and 637 spring wheat accessions, were evaluated for heat tolerance. Genotypes were classified into four tolerant grades, i.e. highly heat-tolerant (HSI<0.50), medium heat-tolerant (0.5≤HSI<1), medium heat-susceptible (1≤HSI<1.5) and highly heat-susceptible (HSI>1.5). 【Result】 The average maximum temperature at grain filling stage under heat stress condition was higher than that of the controls by 1.91℃ for winter wheat and 7.09℃ for spring wheat, respectively. TGW under heat stress condition was significantly lower than that of the corresponding control. According to the grading evaluation results of HSI, thirty-one and 48 highly heat-tolerant winter and spring wheat accessions accounted for 4.51% and 7.54% of the test materials, 19 and 58 highly heat-susceptible winter and spring wheat accessions accounted for 2.76% and 9.11% of the tested materials, and the rest were medium germplasms (medium heat-tolerant and medium heat-susceptible). According to the geographical distribution of wheat ecological regions, winter wheat from the southern wheat region (Southwestern Winter Wheat Zone, Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Spring and Winter Wheat Zone, and Middle and Lower Yangtze Valley Winter Wheat Zone) were more tolerant than that from northern wheat region (Northern Winter Wheat Zone, and Yellow and Huai River Winter Wheat Zone). For spring wheat, the average HSI of accessions from Xinjiang Spring and Winter Wheat Zone was 0.70, which was the most heat-tolerant, and 88.00% of the accessions belong to heat-tolerant (highly heat-tolerant or medium heat-tolerant) germplasms. In addition, the average HSI of spring wheat from the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) with 0.88 showed heat-tolerant. The synthetic hexaploid wheats from CIMMYT had the weakest heat tolerance, with an average HSI of 1.18, of which 69.58% were heat-susceptible germplasms (medium heat-susceptible and highly heat-susceptible). 【Conclusion】 Delayed sowing or planting in environment with high temperatures can make wheat encounter high temperature stress at grain filling stage. High-throughput method based on the HSI of TGW was performed to evaluate heat tolerance of 1 325 winter and spring wheat germplasms. Overall, one hundred and three heat-tolerant germplasms with high yield potential were identified, which could be used as parents developing heat-tolerant wheat varieties.

Key words: wheat, germplasm, heat-tolerance, heat susceptible index, ecological zone

WANG XiaoBo,GUAN PanFeng,XIN MingMing,WANG YongFa,CHEN XiYong,ZHAO AiJu,LIU ManShuang,LI HongXia,ZHANG MingYi,LU LaHu,WEI YiQin,LIU WangQing,ZHANG JinBo,NI ZhongFu,YAO YingYin,HU ZhaoRong,PENG HuiRu,SUN QiXin. Evaluation of Heat Tolerance in Wheat Germplasm Resources[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(23): 4191-4200.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Table 2

Fig. 1

Table 3

Fig. 2

Table 4

Table 5

Selected wheat germplasm with high yield potential and heat resistance"

材料类型 Material type	材料来源 Material source	材料名称 Material name
冬小麦 Winter wheat	北部冬麦区 NCPWWZ	农大189 Nongda 189,农大3634 Nongda 3634,晋麦47 Jinmai 47,晋50 Jin 50,农大413 Nongda 413,京冬8号 Jingdong 8,农大212 Nongda 212,农大3659 Nongda 3659,农大3677 Nongda 3677,京冬6号 Jingdong 6,农大3097 Nongda 3097
	黄淮冬麦区 YHRVWWZ	济南8号 Jinan 8,04洛7671 04 luo 7671,中原麦 Zhongyuanmai,04洛7427 04 luo 7427,武农6 Wunong 6,泰山4606 Taishan 4606,洛麦23 Luomai 23,新麦208 Xinmai 208,新麦20 Xinmai 20,项麦969 Xiangmai 969,跃进5号 Yuejin 5,豫农9901 Yunong 9901,藳优1533-1 Gaoyou 1533-1,偃展4110 Yanzhan 4110,郑农17号 Zhengnong 17,中育8号 Zhongyu 8,新麦19 Xinmai 19,郑麦9962 Zhengmai 9962,新麦21 Xinmai 21,石麦12 Shimai 12,石麦22 Shimai 22,藳优9618 Gaoyou 9618,博农6号 Bonong 6,新麦2111 Xinmai 2111,中育5号 Zhongyu 5,04中36 04zhong 36,山农矮2号 Shannongai 2,新麦11 Xinmai 11,衡6632 Heng 6632,泰山24 Taishan 24,济麦19 Jimai 19,济麦23 Jimai 23,兰考926 Lankao 926,山农辐63 Shannongfu 63,新原9558 Xinyuan 9558,洛麦24 Luomai 24,烟农19 Yannong 19,衡观216 Hengguan 216,邯6628 Han 6628
	西南冬麦区 SCWWZ	安麦1号 Anmai 1,安麦7号 Anmai 7
	国外引进品种 ERA	Haruminori,VICTO,TAM107
春小麦 Spring wheat	CIMMYT	HC-18,HC-23,HC-100,HC-106,HC-107,HC-108,HC-114,HC-117,HC-126,HC-133,HC-136,HC-151,HC-176,
	ICARDA	ICARDA244,ICARDA251,ICARDA263,ICARDA277,ICARDA283,ICARDA301,ICARDA302,ICARDA320,ICARDA330,ICARDA340,ICARDA345,ICARDA350,ICARDA376,ICARDA419
	长江中下游冬麦区 MLYVWWZ	鄂恩4号 Een 4,皖麦54 Wanmai 54,华麦8 Huamai 8,荆麦66 Jingmai 66,襄专27 Xiangzhuan 27,扬麦15 Yangmai 15,鄂麦504060 Emai 504060
	青藏春冬麦区QTPSWWZ	川麦45 Chuanmai 45,川育19 Chuanyu 19,西科麦1号 Xikemai 1,良麦2号 Liangmai 2,川麦55 Chuanmai 55
	西北春麦区 NSEZ	宁春53号 Ningchun 53,宁2038 Ning 2038
	新疆春冬麦区 XSWWZ	新春7号 Xinchun 7,新春8号 Xinchun 8,新春11号 Xinchun 11,新春16号 Xinchun 16,新春20号 Xinchun 20,新春24号 Xinchun 24,新春29号 Xinchun 29

Table 5

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材料类型 Material type	材料来源 Material source	材料数 Number of genotype	热感系数HSI		极耐热所占比率 Percent of extreme heat resistant (%)	中等耐热所占比率 Percent of medium heat resistant (%)	中等热敏感所占比率 Percent of medium heat sensitive (%)	极热敏感所占比率 Percent of extreme heat sensitive (%)
材料类型 Material type	材料来源 Material source	材料数 Number of genotype	平均BLUP Mean BLUP	标准差 SD	极耐热所占比率 Percent of extreme heat resistant (%)	中等耐热所占比率 Percent of medium heat resistant (%)	中等热敏感所占比率 Percent of medium heat sensitive (%)	极热敏感所占比率 Percent of extreme heat sensitive (%)
冬小麦	北部冬麦区 NWWZ	218	1.05	0.26	1.38	44.95	49.54	4.13
Winter	黄淮冬麦区 YHRVWWZ	363	0.95	0.25	4.13	51.79	43.80	0.28
wheat	青藏春冬麦区 QTPSWWZ	4	0.56	0.37	25.00	75.00	0	0
	西南冬麦区 SCWWZ	16	0.59	0.27	31.25	68.75	0	0
	国外引进品种 GRA	59	1.18	0.33	1.69	25.42	57.63	15.25
	长江中下游冬麦区 MLYVWWZ	28	0.74	0.30	21.43	64.29	14.29	0
春小麦	CIMMYT	194	1.18	0.42	5.15	25.26	48.45	21.13
Spring	ICARDA	237	0.88	0.27	8.86	54.85	35.86	0.42
wheat	长江中下游冬麦区 MLYVWWZ	60	1.07	0.39	5.00	25.00	51.67	18.33
	东北春麦区 NSWZ	7	0.83	0.50	28.57	28.57	42.86	0
	青藏春冬麦区 QTPSWWZ	103	1.00	0.29	4.85	41.75	49.51	3.88
	西北春麦区 NSEZ	11	1.16	0.27	0	36.36	54.55	9.09
	新疆春冬麦区 XSWWZ	25	0.70	0.26	28.00	60.00	12.00	0

材料类型 Material type	变异来源 Source of variation		自由度 Degree of freedom	平方和SS Sum of squares	均方和MS Mean squares	F值 F value	变异所占百分数 Total variation (%)
冬小麦 Winter wheat	基因型Genotype(G)	基因型Genotype(G)	687	762885	1110	102.753***	31.76
	环境Environment(E)	地点Local(L)	2	137384	68692	6356.252***	5.72
		年份Year(Y)	2	21980	10990	1016.95***	0.92
		处理Treatment(T)	1	1023122	1023122	94672.04***	42.60
	交互作用Interaction(G×E)	基因型×地点(G×L)	1374	47536	35	3.201***	1.98
		基因型×年份(G×Y)	1374	39622	29	2.668***	1.65
		基因型×处理(G×T)	687	118705	173	15.988***	4.94
		剩余方差 Residual	23188	250593	11		10.43
春小麦 Spring wheat	基因型Genotype(G)	基因型Genotype(G)	636	111558	175	19.58***	45.63
	环境Environment(E)	地点Local(L)	1	53702	53702	5994.457***	21.97
		年份Year(Y)	2	294	147	16.433***	0.12
	交互作用Interaction(G×E)	基因型×地点(G×L)	636	14966	24	2.627***	6.12
	交互作用Interaction(G×E)	基因型×年份(G×Y)	845	17975	21	2.375***	7.35
		剩余方差 Residual	5131	45966	9		18.80

材料类型 Material type	试验处理 Test measures	千粒重 Thousand grain weight (g)
材料类型 Material type	试验处理 Test measures	最高值Maximum	最低值Minimum	平均值Mean
冬小麦 Winter wheat	对照Control group	57.37	23.93	44.89
冬小麦 Winter wheat	热胁迫Heat stress group	43.99	17.12	32.47
春小麦 Spring wheat	宁夏Ningxia	55.65	31.61	44.88
春小麦 Spring wheat	新疆Xinjiang	48.47	28.41	38.95

评价 Evaluation	热感指数 Heat susceptibility index	材料数Number of genotype		比率Percent (%)
评价 Evaluation	热感指数 Heat susceptibility index	冬小麦Winter wheat	春小麦Spring wheat	冬小麦Winter wheat	春小麦Spring wheat
极耐热Extreme heat resistant	HSI<0.5	38	48	4.51	7.54
中等耐热Medium heat resistant	0.5≤HSI<1	323	258	48.40	40.50
中等热敏感Medium heat sensitive	1≤HSI<1.5	303	273	44.33	42.86
极敏感Extreme heat sensitive	HSI≥1.5	24	58	2.76	9.11

Evaluation of Heat Tolerance in Wheat Germplasm Resources

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