代谢组学在农产品营养品质检测分析中的应用

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.18.009

Abstract

Abstract:

Scientific evaluation of the nutrition and quality of agricultural products is essential for improving the nutrition level of agro-products. Because of the complex composition of nutrients in agro-products, the existing analytical methods can only analyze the concentration and function of known nutrients but cannot analyze and identify a large number of unknown functional substances. On the basis of high-throughput chemical analyses, metabolomics can qualitatively and quantitatively analyze endogenous and exogenous metabolites of biological samples. Therefore, metabolomics has outstanding advantages in the analysis of small molecular substances with special nutritional functions in agricultural products; it has advantages like providing new methods for the characterization and differential analysis of nutrient components, traceability and authenticity of identification, variation analysis of functional substances during growth and storage, and the effect mechanisms of functional components. It also provides new strategies for structural optimization of dietary requirements. In this paper, the recent advances in metabolomics research, including sample preparation, metabolite analysis, data processing, differential metabolite identification, and metabolic pathway analysis were reviewed. This work summed up the application of metabolomics in the characterization and difference analysis of metabolites, traceability and authenticity identification of origin, metabolite variation in the process of storage, and the evaluation of nutritional functions to provide theoretical bases and practical references for high-quality agricultural development in China. In the field of sample preparation, the activity of metabolism-related enzymes is first terminated by rapidly changing the environmental conditions, such as adding strong acid (alkali) or freezing in liquid nitrogen. Different extraction solvents are selected based on the polarities of the metabolites to obtain a higher extraction rate. In the field of sample analysis methods, technologies, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, chromatography mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry, have been widely used. Among them, the combination of chromatography and mass spectrometry has become the most commonly used analytical technique in metabolomics. In the field of data processing and analysis, principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis are the most common data analysis techniques. Through enrichment and topological analysis, the metabolic pathway with the highest correlation to differential metabolites can be identified, and the reason of differential metabolites can be explained and analyzed. In the field of evaluation of nutrition and quality of agricultural products, through the comprehensive characterization of primary metabolites and secondary metabolites in agricultural products, unique fingerprints of agricultural products are established and used for differential analysis, whereas through non-specific target analysis and unsupervised analysis methods, differences between groups and relating metabolites can be identified. Via concentration analysis of key components in the growth process of agricultural products, the best harvest periods can be provided. Interaction studies between functional components and metabolism of organisms based on the detection of humoral metabolism and biomarkers can provide valuable information for dietary guidance.

Key words: metabolomics, agro-product, nutrition, quality

XU YanYang,YAO GuiXiao,LIU PingXiang,ZHAO Jie,WANG XinLu,SUN JunMao,QIAN YongZhong. Review on the Application of Metabolomic Approaches to Investigate and Analysis the Nutrition and Quality of Agro-Products[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(18): 3163-3176.

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Figures/Tables 2

Table 1

Applications of Metabolomics to investigate and analysis nutrition and quality of agro-products"

应用 Application	农产品种类 Agro-product	检测技术 Detection technology	数据处理方法 Data analysis	生物标志物 Biomarker	参考文献 Reference
营养成分表征及差异性分析 Characterization and difference analysis of nutritional components	番茄 Tomato	LC-MS/MS	PCA	氨基酸(Amino acid)、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮(6- Methyl-5-hepten-2-one)、香叶基丙酮(Geranyl acetone)等	[67]
	洋葱 Onion	LC/ ESI-QTOF-MS	ANOVA, HC, PCA	低聚果糖(Fructooligosaccharides)、氨基酸(Proteinogenic amino acids)、多肽(Peptides)、S-半胱氨酸(S-substituted cysteine conjugates)、黄酮(Flavonoids)及皂苷类(Flavonoids)	[68]
	葡萄 Grapevine berry	UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS	PCA, OPLS-DA	花色苷(Anthocyanins)、芪类化合物(Stilbenoids)、原花青素(Procyanidin)等	[69]
	蟹 Crab	¹H-NMR	PCA	谷氨酸(Glutamate)、丙氨酸(Alanine)、甘氨酸(Glycine)、龙虾碱(Lobsterine)、乳酸(Lactic acid)、甜菜碱(Betaine)和牛磺酸(Taurine)	[70]
	番茄 Tomato	HS/SPME/GC-MS	ANOVA, MCA, PCA, HCA	邻甲基苯乙酮(O-methylacetophenone)、苯甲酮(Benzophenone)等	[71]
	芜菁 Brassica crops	GC-MS	PCA, PLS regression analysis, ANOVA	L-谷氨酰胺(L-glutamine)、L-天冬酰胺(L- asparagine)、棉子糖(Raffinose)、麦芽糖(Maltose)、苹果酸(Malic acid)和异硫氰酸烯丙酯(Allyl isothiocyanate)	[72]
	蔓越莓 Cranberry	UPLC-TOF-MS	PCA, PLS-DA	花青素(Procyanidin)	[73]
	树莓 Raspberries	UPLC-TOF-MS	Pattern analysis	花青素(Procyanidin)	[74]
	马铃薯 Potatoes	HPLC,GC-TOF-MS	ANOVA, PCA	花青素(Procyanidin)	[75]
	番茄 Tomato	¹H-NMR,LC-FID, GC-FID	PCA, SOM	甘露糖(Mannose)、胆碱(Choline)、油酸(Oleic)、硬脂酸(Stearic)、亚油酸(Linoleic)、亚麻酸(Linolenic)、棕榈酸(Palmitic)、淀粉(Amylum)	[76]
	玉米 Maize	UPLC-MS/MS,GC-MS	PCA, PLS-DA	二氢山萘酚(Dihydrokaempferol)和柚皮素(Naringenin)	[78]
	番茄 Tomato	¹H-NMR	PCA, PLS, ANOVA	谷氨酸(Glutamic acid)、果糖(Fructose)、缬氨酸(Valine)、山奈酚(Kaempferol)、桂皮素苷(Cinnamrin)、γ-氨基丁酸(Gamma-aminobutyric acid)、柠檬酸(Citric acid)、蔗糖(Sucrose)、苯丙氨酸(Phenylalanine)和葫芦巴碱(Trigonelline)	[79]
产地溯源及真伪鉴别 Origin traceability and authenticity identification	大白菜 Cabbage	¹H-NMR	PCA	氨基丁酸(Aminobutyric acid)、天冬酰胺(Asparagine)、亮氨酸(Leucine)、异亮氨酸(Isoleucine)、O-磷酸胆碱(O-phosphocholine)、乙酸苯酯(Phenylacetate)、苯丙氨酸(Phenylalanine)、琥珀酸盐(Succinate)、蔗糖(Sucrose)、酪氨酸(Tyrosine)、缬氨酸(Valine)	[81]
	枸杞 Lycium barbarum	LC-QTOF-MS	PLS-DA, HCA	槲皮素(Quercetin)、山奈酚糖苷(Kaempferol glycosides)、二咖啡酰奎宁酸(Dicaffeoylquinic acid)和酚酸(Phenolic acids)	[82]
	大蒜 Garlic	DART-HRMS, HPLC-ESI-HRMS, DI-ESI-HRMS	OPLS-DA	蒜氨酸(Alliin)、PC (16:0/18:2) (Phosphatidylcholine)和精氨酸(Arginine)	[83]
	大蒜 Garlic	HRMAS-NMR	PLS-DA	烯丙基含硫化合物(Allyl-organosulphurs)、大蒜素(Allicin)	[84]
	榛子 Hazelnut	UPLC-QTOF-MS	PCA-LDA	磷脂酰胆碱(Phosphatidylcholines)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(Phosphatidylethanolamines)、甘油二酯(Diacylglycerols)、三酰基甘油(Triacylglycerols)和γ-生育酚(γ-tocopherol)	[90]

Table 1

Table 1

Applications of Metabolomics to investigate and analysis nutrition and quality of agro-products（Continued）"

应用 Application	农产品种类 Agro-product	检测技术 Detection technology	数据处理方法 Data analysis	生物标志物 Biomarker	参考文献 Reference
	榛子 Hazelnut	LC-ESI-QqQ-MS	PCA-LDA, ANOVA	PE(18:2/18:2) (1,2-dilinoleoyl-sn glycero-3- phosphoethanolamine)、PC(18:2/18:2) (1,2- dilinoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine)、DG (18:2/18:2) (1,3-100 dilinoleoyl-rac-glycerol)	[91]
生长储藏过程中营养成分变化规律 Changes of nutritional components during growth and storage	草莓 Strawberry	GC-MS,HPLC-MS	PCA, PLS-DA	游离氨基酸(Free amino acids)	[92]
	葡萄 Grapevine berry	GC-MS	HCA, PCA, PLS-DA, ANOVA	糖类(Sugars)和氨基酸(Amino acids)	[93]
	番茄 Tomato	GC-MS	PLS-DA, ANOVA	甘露糖(Mannose)、柠檬酸(Citramalic)、葡萄糖酸(Gluconic)和酮-1-古洛糖酸(Keto-l-gulonic acids)等	[94]
	鸡蛋 Chicken eggs	HPLC-QTOF-MS	PCA	胆碱(Choline)	[48]
	大豆 Soybean	¹H-NMR	PCA, PLS-DA	脯氨酸(Proline)、赖氨酸(Lysine)和硫(Sulfur)	[96]
营养功能成分作用机制及对代谢的影响 Functional mechanism of nutritional components and their effects on metabolism	生姜 Ginger	HPLC-QTOF-MS	ANOVA	D-葡糖醛酸-6 (D-glucurono-6)、3-内酯(3- lactone)、甘油-3-磷酸(Glycerol-3-phosphate)、丙酮酸(Pyruvic acid)、石胆酸(Lithocholic acid)、2-吡啶甲酸(2-pyrocatechuic acid)和前列腺素E1 (Prostaglandin El)等	[100]
	枸杞 Lycium barbarum	GC-TOF-MS	PCA, OPLS-DA	丙氨酸(Alanine)、胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷酸(Thymidine deoxynucleotide)	[101]
	绿茶 Green tea	LC-MS	PCA, OPLS-DA, PLS regression analysis	多酚(Polyphenol)	[102]
	苦瓜 Bitter gourd	NMR	PCA, PLS-DA	柠檬酸(Citramalic)、琥珀酸(Succinate)、肌氨酸(Sarcosine)、丙酮酸(Pyruvic acid)等	[107]
	白茶 Origanum dictamnus tea	¹H-NMR	PCA, OPLS-DA	马尿酸(Hippurate)和肌酐(Creatinine)	[108]
	饮食模式 Dietary modulation	¹H-NMR	OPLS-DA	肉碱(Carnitine)、乙酰肉碱(Acetylcarnitine)、三甲胺-N-氧化物(Trimethylamine-N-oxid)、对-羟基苯乙酸酯(p-hydroxyphenylacetate)	[109]

Table 1

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Review on the Application of Metabolomic Approaches to Investigate and Analysis the Nutrition and Quality of Agro-Products

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