土壤肥力对红壤性水稻土水稻产量和氮肥利用效率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.18.017

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Soil fertility is the basis for high rice yield in the red paddy soil. It is critical to clarify the effects of different fertility levels on crop yield and nitrogen (N) use efficiency, thereby providing scientific evidence for soil fertility improvement and appropriate fertilizer management in red paddy soil. 【Method】 A pot experiment was carried out on red paddy soils with similar texture and different fertility levels (The level of soil organic matter represented the level of soil fertility) with the ¹⁵N isotopic tracer technique. The effects of soil fertility (F_L, F_M, and F_H represent low, medium, and high fertility soils with a soil organic matter 19.9, 29.6, 38.9 g·kg^-1, respectively) and N fertilizer rate (N₀, N₁₅₀, and N₂₂₅ represent the N application rate at 0, 150, and 225 kg·hm^-2, respectively), with 9 treatments (F_LN₀, F_LN₁₅₀, F_LN₂₂₅, F_MN₀, F_MN₁₅₀, F_MN₂₂₅, F_HN₀, F_HN₁₅₀, and F_HN₂₂₅) on rice yield and its composition, N uptake and its fate were investigated. 【Result】 Increasing soil fertility and N fertilization significantly increased the number of effective panicles, yield, and total N uptake of rice. Compared with N₀, F_L, F_M, and F_H increased rice yield by 63%, 40% and 17% under N₁₅₀ treatment, respectively, with 89%, 55% and 23% under N₂₂₅ treatment, respectively. In medium and low fertility soils, increasing the N rate significantly increased rice yield, whereas no significant difference was found between the F_HN₁₅₀ and F_HN₂₂₅ treatments. Using the ¹⁵N tracing technique, we found that the uptake of fertilizer N and soil N by rice plants increased with the increasing soil fertility under the same N application rate. However, the proportion of N derived from soil (Ndfs) increased with the increasing soil fertility, while the proportion of N derived from fertilizer (Ndff) showed the opposite trend. Increasing N fertilization rate led to an increase in Ndff, while reducing Ndfs. The average N recovery efficiency (NRE) of F_L, F_M, and F_H was 42%, 48% and 52%, respectively; with the average N fertilizer residue rate of 20%, 23% and 28%, and the average N fertilizer loss rate of 38%, 29% and 20%, respectively. The NRE of F_LN₂₂₅ was significantly higher than F_LN₁₅₀ with no significant difference with F_M soils, while the NRE of F_HN₂₂₅ was significantly lower than F_HN₁₅₀. Increasing soil fertility significantly increased the contents of soil microbial biomass N, ammonium N, and fixed ammonium. 【Conclusion】 These results indicated that the higher of the soil fertility, the higher of the rice yield, the NRE and the N residual rate in the red paddy soil were, and the lower of the N loss rate was. Therefore, increasing N application rate was effective to increase both rice yield and NRE in low fertility soils. In contrast, an appropriate reduction in N application rate might benefit rice NRE and reduce fertilizer N losses without compromising rice yield.

Key words: soil fertility, ¹⁵N isotopic tracing, red paddy soil, nitrogen use efficiency, fertilizer N fate

WeiFu PENG, WeiSheng LÜ, Shan HUANG, YongJun ZENG, XiaoHua PAN, QingHua SHI. Effects of Soil Fertility on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in a Red Paddy Soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(18): 3614-3624.

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土壤肥力 Soil fertility	pH	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	总氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkaline N (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Olsen P (mg·kg^-1)	砂粒 Sand (2-0.02 mm, %)	粉粒 Silt (0.02-0.002 mm, %）	黏粒 Clay (<0.002 mm, %)
低肥力Low fertility	5.48	19.9	1.2	137.2	174.7	17.9	22	56	22
中肥力Medium fertility	5.39	29.6	1.8	191.5	170.5	21.2	23	55	22
高肥力High fertility	5.31	38.9	2.3	241.4	239.6	22.4	22	54	24

处理 Treatments	产量 Grain yield (g/pot)	有效穗数 Effective panicles/pot	每穗实粒数 Spikelets per panicle	结实率 Filled grain percentage (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
F_LN₀	23.6f	9.3f	108.6ab	89.4bc	26.5d
F_LN₁₅₀	38.5e	15.3de	101.9b	88.7bc	26.3d
F_LN₂₂₅	44.5d	17.0d	109.0ab	89.0bc	26.4d
F_MN₀	40.0e	14.7e	116.5a	88.9bc	26.7bcd
F_MN₁₅₀	55.9c	19.3c	114.5ab	88.3c	26.6cd
F_MN₂₂₅	62.1b	22.0ab	113.6ab	88.3c	26.5d
F_HN₀	55.3c	21.7b	115.5ab	89.6b	27.1a
F_HN₁₅₀	65.0ab	22.3ab	114.5ab	91.5a	27.0ab
F_HN₂₂₅	68.0a	24.0a	117.4a	91.1a	26.9abc
ANOVA（P）
肥力（F）	0.0001	0.0001	0.0525	0.0001	0.0001
施氮量（N）	0.0001	0.0001	0.6595	0.8117	0.3175
肥力×施氮量（F×N）	0.0010	0.0033	0.9165	0.0366	0.9305

处理 Treatments	总吸氮量 N uptake (mg/pot)	肥料氮吸收量 Fertilizer N uptake (mg/pot)	来自肥料氮的比例 Ndff (%)	土壤氮吸收量 Soil N uptake (mg/pot)	来自土壤氮的比例 Ndfs (%)
F_LN₀	443.0g	-	-	-	-
F_LN₁₅₀	723.5f	163.5f	22.6b	560.0e	77.4e
F_LN₂₂₅	854.1e	260.9c	30.5a	593.2d	69.5f
F_MN₀	904.9e	-	-	-	-
F_MN₁₅₀	1165.8d	192.7e	16.8e	973.1c	83.2b
F_MN₂₂₅	1352.3c	291.0b	21.5c	1061.3b	78.5d
F_HN₀	1184.5d	-	-	-	-
F_HN₁₅₀	1440.4b	217.4d	14.9f	1223.1a	85.1a
F_HN₂₂₅	1546.1a	302.1a	19.5d	1244.0a	80.5c
ANOVA（P）
肥力（F）	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001
施氮量（N）	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001
肥力×施氮量（F×N）	0.2961	0.0404	0.0001	0.0101	0.0001

Effects of Soil Fertility on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in a Red Paddy Soil

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