Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2016, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (14): 2725-2736.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.14.007

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Bioavailability and Fate of Nitrogen from 15N-labeled Corn Straw as Affected by Nitrogen Management and Straw Microbial Inoculants

DING Wen-cheng1, LI Shu-tian1, 2, HUANG Shao-min3   

  1. 1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Ministry of Agriculture  Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization, Beijing 100081
    2 International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI) China Program, Beijing 100081
    3 Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource Environment, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences    , Zhengzhou 450002
  • Received:2015-12-03 Online:2016-07-16 Published:2016-07-16

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Abstract: 【Objective】The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effect of rate of nitrogen fertilization, fertilizer N combined with manure N and straw microbial inoculants on the transformation and bioavailability of nitrogen (N) from crop straw for providing scientific information and guidelines on N management under straw returning conditions. 【Method】Pot experiments were carried out using 15N isotope techniques by continuously planting one season of winter wheat and two seasons of corn to study N availability from 15N labeled corn straw (15N-straw) and its contribution to plant and soil. The recommended N rate was 210 kg N·hm-2, equivalent to 0.1 g N·kg-1 soil. The crushed straw was incorporated into each pot at the rate of 3.0 g·kg-1 soil. There were four N levels: control without N (CK), 100% fertilizer N, 80% fertilizer N and 80% fertilizer N plus 20% manure N. Each above treatment had two levels of microbial inoculants: 0 and 0.1 g·kg-1 soil. A total of eight treatments with four replications for each were designed. 【Result】The percentage of N derived from 15N-straw (%Ndfs) in winter wheat plant was 6.30% to 14.25%, reduced by N application compared with CK. Combination of fertilizer N and manure N resulted in higher winter wheat %Ndfs than fertilizer N alone. Addition of microbial inoculants did not significantly influence winter wheat %Ndfs compared with treatments without microbial inoculants. The %Ndfs in the following 1st and 2nd corn plant was, respectively, 1.13% to 3.73% and 1.67% to 5.97%, reduced by N application but no difference existed between N treatments. Addition of microbial inoculants reduced corn plant %Ndfs from residual 15N-straw. Recovery of 15N (REN) from 15N-straw by winter wheat was 7.14% to 10.32%, while the residual REN from 15N-straw by the 1st and 2nd following corn was 3.75% to 5.51% and 2.28% to 3.18%, respectively. Total of 13.13% to 18.60% of 15N-straw N was recovered, 55.63% to 69.16% remained in soil and 17.26% to 26.09% lost after three times of cropping. N application increased REN compared with CK. N management did not influence REN from 15N-straw by winter wheat and the 2nd corn, but 80% recommended fertilizer N decreased REN by the 1st corn and three crops, while increased when applied with manure. Addition of microbial inoculants significantly improved REN from 15N-straw by winter wheat and the 1st season corn and total of three cropping, reduced residual and loss of N from 15N-straw. The content of mineral N (Nmin) and microbial biomass N (MBN) after crop harvests varied greatly, but the %Ndfs in Nmin and MBN was all less than 3% which was not greatly influenced by N fertilizer management. While, addition of microbial inoculants increased %Ndfs in soil Nmin as well as decreased %Ndfs in soil MBN after winter wheat and 1st corn，but no effect after 2nd corn. The percentage of remained 15N-straw in Nmin and MBN after three crops was less than 3%, suggesting that the remained 15N-straw N in soil after three cropping was in organic form. 【Conclusion】Combination of chemical fertilizer N with manure N and addition of microbial inoculants is the recommended practice to increase N availability of straw under the conditions of straw returning to field.

Key words: corn straw, straw microbial inoculants, N management, N availability, 15N-labeled

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