不同装烟方式对烤烟烘烤烟叶品质和安全性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.17.015

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】In order to discuss the formation mechanism of flue-cured tobacco quality and further improve tobacco quality and tobacco safety, the curing effect under different loading methods (T1: natural ventilation type curing; T2: hanging-pole bulk curing; T3: sticking leave bulk curing which is a kind of loose leaves bulk curing while tobacco leaves are stuck by skewer) was studied.【Method】Changes of moisture, carotenoids and cuticular components content of tobacco leaves during flue-curing, and the difference of the main chemical composition, neutral aroma components, smoke harmful ingredients content and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves under different loading methods were studied.【Result】The results showed that T3 had a higher moisture content than T2 at 48-72 h (P＜0.05). In terms of plastid pigment, T3 decreasing range of β-carotene and lutein content were 62.91% and 69.45%, higher than T1 (57.59% and 65.19%) and T2 (57.59% and 60.31%). T3 had a lower pigments content than T1 and T2 at the end of curing. In terms of cuticular components, T1 and T3 had a higher trichome exudates content than T2, and T1-T3 loss rate of trichome exudates were 8.82%, 54.05% and 10.52%, respectively. T3 had the highest alkanes content and its loss rate was 13.80% while T2 had the lowest alkanes content and its loss rate was 58.91%. Compared with T1 and T2, T3 had the highest neutral aroma components content (1 186.65 μg•g-1), a more coordinated chemical composition and higher score value (60.75 points) of sensory quality. In terms of smoke harmful ingredients content, the total carbonyl compound content of different treatments showed that T3 (1 034.08 μg•cig-1)＜T1 (1 144.76 μg•cig-1)＜T2 (1 251.19 μg•cig-1), and there was a significant difference between T1 and T2 (P＜0.05). The total smoke phenols content of tobacco leaves under different loading methods showed that T3 (149.93 μg•cig-1) ＜T2 (157.71 μg•cig-1)＜T1 (175.60 μg•cig-1). At the same time, T3 had the lowest content of crotonaldehyde, CO, and benzo[a]pyrene. Compared with T1, T2 and T3 had a lower content of HCN (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】Compared with T1 and T2, T3 had a slower dehydration speed of tobacco leaves during flue-curing, a lower carotenoid and smoke harmful ingredients content, and a higher cuticular components and neutral aroma components content, a more coordinated chemical composition and a higher score value of sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves. Comprehensive evaluation of the flue-cured tobacco quality under different loading methods, T3 was the best.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco , bulk flue-curing , loading methods , quality , safety

WU Sheng-Jiang-1, PAN Wen-Jie-1, GONG Chang-Rong-2, GENG Zhao-Liang-1, SUN Fu-Shan-3, LEI Bo-1, ZHAO Hui-Na-1, XIE Yi-Shu-1. Effect of Different Loading Methods on the Tobacco Quality and Safety During Flue-Curing[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(17): 3659-3668.

References

[1]谢已书, 邹焱, 李国彬, 姜均, 卢贤仁. 密集烤房不同装烟方式的烘烤效果. 中国烟草科学, 2010, 31(3): 67-69.

Xie Y S, Zou Y, Li G B, Jiang J, Lu X R. Effects of tobacco leaf loading method on curing in bulk curing barn. Chinese Tobacco Science, 2010, 31(3): 67-69. (in Chinese)

[2]徐秀红, 王林立, 王传义, 翟明泉, 王桂荣, 孙福山, 周建, 张本强. 密集烤房不同装烟方式对烟叶质量及效益的影响. 中国烟草科学, 2010, 31(6): 72-74.

Xu X H, Wang L L, Wang C Y, Zhai M Q, Wang G R, Sun F S, Zhou J, Zhang B Q. Effects of loading modes on leaf quality and benefits of bulk cured tobacco. Chinese Tobacco Science, 2010, 31(6): 72-74. (in Chinese)

[3]卢贤仁, 谢已书, 李国彬, 姜均. 密集型烤房不同装烟方式对烤后烟叶品质的影响. 贵州农业科学, 2011, 39(9): 47-50.

Lu X R, Xie Y S, Li G B, Jiang J. Effect of different loading pattern on tobacco quality in intensive curing barn. Guizhou Agricultural Sciences, 2011, 39(9): 47-50. (in Chinese)

[4]梦可爱. 密集烤房装烟方式对烟叶生理生化特性及品质的影响[D]. 长沙: 湖南农业大学, 2006.

Meng K A. Effects of loading ways of bulk curing barn on physiological biochemistry characteristics and the quality of tobacco leaves[D]. Changsha: Hu’nan Agricultural University, 2006. (in Chinese)

[5]谢已书, 姜均, 李国彬, 王玉兵. 散叶密集烘烤烟叶外观与主要化学成分变化规律初探. 中国烟草科学, 2009, 30(3): 45-48.

Xie Y S, Jiang J, Li G B, Wang Y B. Study on the change in appearance characteristics and chemical components of tobacco leaves by loose-leaf bulk curing. Chinese Tobacco Science, 2009, 30(3): 45-48. (in Chinese)

[6]潘文杰, 谢已书, 李章海, 赵会纳, 朱晓兰, 高芸, 杨俊, 朱显灵. 不同烘烤方式烘烤过程中烟叶表面烷烃类物质变化的研究. 安徽农业大学学报, 2011, 38(3): 469-473.

Pan W J, Xie Y S, Li Z H, Zhao H N, Zhu X L, Gao Y, Yang J, Zhu X L. Changes of tobacco leaf surface alkane during curing under different curing measures. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University, 2011, 38(3): 469-473. (in Chinese)

[7]王文超, 谭方利, 段史江, 石盼盼, 王梅, 史龙飞, 成庆, 宫长荣. 不同烟夹装烟方式对密集烤房烘烤效果的影响. 河南农业大学学报, 2012, 46(6): 609-613.

Wang W C, Tan F L, Duan S J, Shi P P, Wang M, Shi L F, Cheng Q, Gong C R. Effect of different loading method of tobacco clips on curing in bulk curing barn. Journal of Henan Agricultural University, 2012, 46(6): 609-613. (in Chinese)

[8]李章海, 潘文杰, 朱晓兰, 赵会纳, 高芸, 谢已书, 杨俊, 朱显灵. 不同烘烤方式烘烤过程中烟叶表面腺毛分泌物变化的研究. 中国烟草学报, 2011, 17(6): 81-85.

Li Z H, Pan W J, Zhu X L, Zhao H N, Gao Y, Xie Y S, Yang J, Zhu X L. Changes of tobacco leaf trichome exudates during curing under different curing regimes. Acta Tabacaria Sinica, 2011, 17(6): 81-85. (in Chinese)

[9]Burton H R, Childs G H, Andersen R A, Fleming P D. Changes in chemical composition of burley tobacco during senescence and curing. 3. Tobacco specific nitrosamines. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1989, 37(2): 426-430.

[10]Morin A, Porter A, Ratavicius A, Joly J. Evolution of tobacco-specific nitrosamines and microbial populations during flue-curing of tobacco under direct and indirect heating. Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International, 2004, 21(1): 40-46.

[11]Staaf M, Back S, Wiernik A, Wahlberg I, Long R C, Young J H. Formation of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) during air-curing: conditions and control. Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International, 2005, 21(6): 321-330.

[12]Hayes J R, Meckley D R, Stavanja M S, Nelson P R, Van Kampen K R, Swauger J E. Effect of a flue-curing process that reduces tobacco specific nitrosamines on the tumor promotion in SENCAR mice by cigarette smoke condensate. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2007, 45(3): 419-430.

[13]王勇, 周冀衡, 肖志新, 杨虹琦, 毛建, 郭紫明. 不同成熟度对烤烟烟叶品质和安全性指标的影响. 中国烟草科学, 2007, 28(3): 26-29.

Wang Y, Zhou J H, Xiao Z X, Yang H Q, Mao J, Guo Z M. Influence of the different maturity on indexes of quality and security for flue-cured tobacco leaves. Chinese Tobacco Science, 2007, 28(3): 26-29. (in Chinese)

[14]蒋笃忠. 烤烟散叶堆积式密集烤房及配套烘烤技术研究[D]. 长沙: 湖南农业大学, 2010.

Jiang D Z. The flue-cured tobacco disperses the leaf stack type bulk curing-barn and supporting curing technology reseach[D]. Changsha: Hu’nan Agricultural University, 2010. (in Chinese)

[15]王瑞新. 烟草化学. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2003: 246-285.

Wang R X. Tobacco Chemistry. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2003: 246-285. (in Chinese)

[16]宋朝鹏, 武圣江, 高远, 许自成, 张卫建, 宫长荣. 烤烟密集烘烤变黄期类胡萝卜素及其降解香气成分的变化. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(20): 4246-4254.

Song Z P, Wu S J, Gao Y, Xu Z C, Zhang W J, Gong C R. The degradation mechanism of carotenoids in flue-cured tobacco and the changes of the related aroma components in the yellowing stage during the bulk curing process. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(20): 4246-4254. (in Chinese)

[17]中华人民共和国烟草行业标准. 卷烟主流烟气中主要酚类化合物的测定高效液相色谱法. YC/T 255-2008.

The People’s Republic of China Tobacco Industry Standard. 2008, Cigarettes-Determination of major phenolic compounds in mainstream cigarette smoke-High performance liquid chromatographic method, YC/T 255-2008. (in Chinese)

[18]中华人民共和国烟草行业标准. 卷烟烟气气相中一氧化碳的测定非散射红外法. GB/T 23356-2009.

The People’s Republic of China Tobacco Industry Standard. 2009, Cigarettes-Determination of carbon monoxide in the vapour phase of cigarette smoke-NDIR method, GB/T 23356-2009. (in Chinese)

[19]中华人民共和国烟草行业标准. 卷烟主流烟气中氰化氢的测定连续流动法. YC/T 253-2008.

The People’s Republic of China Tobacco Industry Standard. 2008, Cigarettes-Determination of hydrogen cyanide in cigarette mainstream smoke-Continuous flow method, YC/T 253-2008. (in Chinese)

[20]武圣江, 宋朝鹏, 贺帆, 孙建峰, 宫长荣. 密集烘烤过程中烟叶生理指标和物理特性及细胞超微结构变化. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(1): 125-132.

Wu S J, Song Z P, He F, Sun J F, Gong C R. Changes of cell ultrastructure and some physiological indexes and physical properties of tobacco leaves during bulk flue-curing. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(1): 125-132. (in Chinese)

[21]宋朝鹏, 高远, 武圣江, 许自成, 宫长荣, 张卫建. 密集烘烤定色期烟叶类胡萝卜素降解及相关酶活性变化. 中国农业科学, 2009, 42(8): 2875-2881.

Song Z P, Gao Y, Wu S J, Xu Z C, Gong C R, Zhang W J. The degradation mechanism of carotenoids in flue-cured tobacco and the changes of the related enzymes activities at leaf-drying stage during the bulk curing process. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2009, 42(8): 2875-2881. (in Chinese)

[22]陈伟, 蒋卫, 邱雪柏, 蒋光华, 潘文杰. 光质对烟叶光合特性、类胡萝卜素和表面提取物含量的影响. 生态学报, 2011, 31(22): 6877-6885.

Chen W, Jiang W, Qiu X B, Jiang G H, Pan W J. Effects of light quality on photosynthetic characteristics and on the carotenoid and cuticular extract content in tobacco leaves. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2011, 31(22): 6877-6885. (in Chinese)

[23]王彦亭, 谢剑平, 李志宏. 中国烟草种植区划. 北京: 科学出版社, 2010: 82-100.

Wang Y T, Xie J P, Li Z H. China Tobacco Planting Division. Beijing: Science Press, 2010: 82-100. (in Chinese)

[24]史宏志, 刘国顺, 杨惠娟, 姬小明. 烟草香味学. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2011: 19-20.

Shi H Z, Liu G S, Yang H J, Ji X M. Tobacco Flavor Science. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2011: 19-20. (in Chinese)

[25]邓小华, 谢鹏飞, 彭新辉, 易建华, 周冀衡, 周清明, 蒲文宣, 代远刚. 土壤和气候及其互作对湖南烤烟部分中性挥发性香气物质含量的影响. 应用生态学报, 2010, 21(8): 2063-2071.

Deng X H, Xie P F, Peng X H, Yi J H, Zhou J H, Zhou Q M, Pu W X, Dai Y G. Effects of soil, climate, and the irinteraction on some neutral volatile aroma components in flue-cured tobacco leaves from high quality tobacco planting regions of Hunan Province. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2010, 21(8): 2063-2071. (in Chinese)

[26]Sun J G, He J W, Wu F G, Tu S X, Yan T J, Si H, Xie H. Comparative analysis on chemical components and sensory quality of aging flue-cured tobacco from four main tobacco areas of China. Agricultural Sciences in China, 2011, 10(8): 1222-1231. (in Chinese)

[27]黄晓因, 周平. 烤烟房空气相对湿度计算方法研究. 农业工程学报, 2006, 22(1): 164-166.

Huang X Y, Zhou P. Method for calculating relative humidity in flue-cured tobacco chamber. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2006, 22(1): 164-166. (in Chinese)

[28]Xiao B P, Alastair C L. Carbonyl compounds in gas and particle phases of mainstream cigarette smoke. Science of The Total Environment, 2011, 409: 5000-5009.

[29]Richard R B. Carbonyl compounds in cigarette smoke. Environmental Toxicology, 2006, 21(6): 621-622.

[30]Riveles K, Roza R, Talbot P. Phenols, quinolines, indoles, benzene, and 2-cyclopenten-1-ones are oviductal toxicants in cigarette smoke. Toxicological Sciences, 2005, 86(1): 141-151.

[31]Smith C J, Perfetti T A, Morton M J, Rodgman A, Garg R, Selassie C D, Hansch C. The relative toxicity of substituted phenols reported in cigarette mainstream smoke. Toxicological Sciences, 2002, 69(1): 265-278.

Related Articles 15

[1]	YUE LiXin, WANG QingHua, WANG ZhenBao, NIMAQIONGJI, LIU ZeZhou, KONG SuPing, ZHANG LiFeng, GAO LiMin. Widely Targeted Metabolomics-Based Analysis of the Differences in Tibetan Bunching Onion and Chive on Nutritional Quality and Flavonoid Metabolites [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(5): 1070-1086.
[2]	ZHANG LiDong, GUO YiCong, HUANG HongYu, NIE Jing, WANG Bing, LI MengYu, LI JiaWang, SUI XiaoLei, LI YuHe. Correlation Analysis of Cucumber Fruit Quality Integrating Sensory Evaluation with Nutritional Traits and Flavor Compound Characteristics [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(5): 1087-1100.
[3]	WANG ShaoHua, FAN QiuLi, YANG JinChang, SUN YuJie, YU Niu, JIANG ShouQun. Effects of Different Levels of Mytilaria laosensis Leaves Feeding on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, Carcass Quality and Meat Quality of Yellow-Feathered Chickens [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(5): 1111-1127.
[4]	DONG JinLong, ZHAO Ying, YU HaiBing, LÜ JianYe, QIN JiaQi, LIANG Chen, MING Bo, LI ShaoKun. Multi-Model Elucidating of Nutritional Quality Contributions to Maize Kernel Test Weight and Regional Heterogeneity [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(5): 985-995.
[5]	HAO Kun, CHEN HongDe, ZHANG Wei, ZHONG Yun, DANG MeiRong, ZHU ShiJiang, HUANG ZhiKun, JIN Ying. Comprehensive Evaluation of Water-Nitrogen Management Under Surge-Root Irrigation Based on Citrus Yield, Quality, and Water- Nitrogen Use Efficiency [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(4): 862-873.
[6]	YAN TingLin, DU YaDan, HU XiaoTao, WANG He, LI XiaoYan, WANG YuMing, NIU WenQuan, GU XiaoBo. The Impacts of Nitrogen Fertilizer Organic Alternatives Under Aerated Drip Irrigation on Cotton Yield and Water Use Efficiency Under Deficit Irrigation Conditions [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(3): 602-618.
[7]	ZHANG MengBo, TAN HongBing, SHEN Tian, XU MeiLong, ZHOU XinMing, FANG YuLin, JU YanLun. Effects of Different Irrigation Amounts and Anti-transpirant Treatments on Wine Quality [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(2): 413-426.
[8]	LU Hao, ZHANG MingLong, HAN Mei, YAN QingBiao, LI ZhengPeng, YIN Wen, FAN ZhiLong, HU FaLong, CHAI Qiang. Green Manure Returning via Sheep Digest with Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction are Beneficial to Improve Wheat Yield and Soil Quality at Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(1): 147-160.
[9]	JI ShengYang, LU BaiYi, LI PeiWu. Some Reflections on Modern Science of Agricultural Product Quality [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(9): 1830-1844.
[10]	LIU JinSong, WU LongMei, BAO XiaoZhe, LIU ZhiXia, ZHANG Bin, YANG TaoTao. Effects of a Short-Term Reduction in Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates on the Grain Yield and Rice Quality of Early and Late-Season Dual-Use Rice in South China [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(8): 1508-1520.
[11]	WEI WenHua, LI Pan, SHAO GuanGui, FAN ZhiLong, HU FaLong, FAN Hong, HE Wei, CHAI Qiang, YIN Wen, ZHAO LianHao. Response of Silage Maize Yield and Quality to Reduced Irrigation and Combined Organic-Inorganic Fertilizer in Northwest Irrigation Areas [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(8): 1521-1534.
[12]	XUE YuQi, ZHAO JiYu, SUN WangSheng, REN BaiZhao, ZHAO Bin, LIU Peng, ZHANG JiWang. Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms on Yield and Quality of Summer Maize [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(8): 1535-1549.
[13]	ZHANG YaFeng, DONG WeiJin, LI QiYun, LU Yang, ZHANG ZhengKun, SUI Li. Effect of Interaction Between Beauveria bassiana and Potassium on Tomato Fruit Quality [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(6): 1131-1144.
[14]	YANG YongQing, HU PengJu, SONG YaHui, JIN XinXin, SU Qiao, WANG Jin. QTL Mapping of Quality Traits for A Peanut Germplasm SW9721-3 with Ultra-High Oil Content [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(4): 635-646.
[15]	WU LiDong, LIN ShuTing, QIU YinHui, LIU YaTing, ZHANG Rui, LI YongQing, SHANG Wei, ZHONG LiuQing. Variation of Different Drying Methods on the Quality of Capsicum annuum L. [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(3): 582-599.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

Comments

Recommended 0

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Effect of Different Loading Methods on the Tobacco Quality and Safety During Flue-Curing

PDF

Cited