基于柑橘产量、品质及水氮利用的涌泉根灌水氮综合评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.04.012

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The objectives of this study are to explore the response mechanism of citrus yield, quality and water-nitrogen use efficiency to water and nitrogen under surge-root irrigation in western Hubei, and to propose a water-nitrogen management mode for high-quality and high-yield of citrus, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific management of water and nitrogen in citrus industry.【Method】6a-old Newhall navel orange was used as the test material, and the surge-root irrigation technology was adopted, and two factors of irrigation and nitrogen application were established. The two irrigation levels were full irrigation (FI: 70%-85%θ_f, θ_f is the field water holding capacity) and deficit irrigation (DI, 70%FI), and the three nitrogen application levels were high nitrogen (NH: 300 kg·hm^-2), medium nitrogen (NM: 225 kg·hm^-2) and low nitrogen (NL: 150 kg·hm^-2), respectively. The effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on the yield, fruit quality and water-nitrogen use efficiency of citrus in western Hubei were analyzed, and the yield, quality and water-nitrogen use efficiency of citrus were comprehensively evaluated based on the game theory combination weighted TOPSIS method.【Result】Irrigation and nitrogen application under surge-root irrigation had significant effects on yield, single fruit weight, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP), fruit diameter and fruit quality of western Hubei citrus (P<0.05). Moderate deficit irrigation and reduced nitrogen application were beneficial for improving the yield, quality and water-nitrogen utilization efficiency of citrus fruits. Among the treatments, the yield, single fruit weight, IWUE, fruit transverse and longitudinal diameter of DINM treatment were the largest, which were 24 458.38 kg·hm^-2, 311.45 g, 40.48 kg·m^-3, 89.02 mm and 87.18 mm, respectively. This represented an increase of 2.26%-25.66%, 1.92%-16.04%, 2.82%-78.46%, 8.85%-20.74%, and 3.33%-17.76% compared to other treatments. However, the DINL treatment exhibited the highest NPFP at 143.80 kg·kg^-1. Under deficit irrigation conditions, the fruit moisture content was lower than that under full irrigation; however, the fruit hardness, soluble solid content, soluble reducing sugars, titratable acidity, vitamin C content, edible rate, and sugar-acid ratio were higher than those under full irrigation. Under full irrigation, the soluble solid content, soluble reducing sugars, vitamin C content, and sugar-acid ratio decreased with the reduction of nitrogen application. Compared with the FINH treatment, the FINM treatment decreased by 8.01%, 12.06%, 7.70%, and 14.55%, respectively, while the FINL treatment decreased by 14.97%, 18.19%, 10.54%, and 16.25%. Under deficit irrigation, the fruit moisture content, soluble solid content, soluble reducing sugars, titratable acidity, vitamin C content, edible rate, and sugar-acid ratio showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the reduction of nitrogen application. Compared with DINM treatment, the DINH treatment decreased by 1.63%, 6.75%, 13.65%, 6.35%, 8.04%, 4.11%, and 9.18%, respectively, and the DINL treatment decreased by 3.30%, 14.55%, 20.55%, 4.76%, 10.98%, 7.50%, and 10.25%, respectively. The comprehensive weights of indexes were determined based on the game theory combination weighted TOPSIS method. The comprehensive weights of citrus yield, NPFP, IWUE and fruit quality were 0.399, 0.153, 0.104 and 0.344, respectively. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the comprehensive score of DINM treatment was the highest, followed by DINH treatment, and the score of FINL treatment was the lowest.【Conclusion】The optimal water-nitrogen coupling mode of citrus in western Hubei under surge-root irrigation is 70%FI (FI: 70%-85%θ_f) and NM (225 kg·hm^-2).

Key words: citrus, surge-root irrigation, water-nitrogen coupling, yield, quality, water-nitrogen use efficiency, comprehensive evaluation

HAO Kun, CHEN HongDe, ZHANG Wei, ZHONG Yun, DANG MeiRong, ZHU ShiJiang, HUANG ZhiKun, JIN Ying. Comprehensive Evaluation of Water-Nitrogen Management Under Surge-Root Irrigation Based on Citrus Yield, Quality, and Water- Nitrogen Use Efficiency[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(4): 862-873.

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处理Treatment	硬度 Fruit hardness (kg·cm^-2)	含水率 Moisture content (%)	可溶性固形物 Total soluble solid (%)	可溶性还原糖 Soluble reducing sugar (%)	可滴定酸 Titratable acid (%)	VC (mg·100g^-1)	可食率 Fruit edibility (%)	糖酸比 Sugar acid ratio
FINH	9.06±0.48e	86.10±0.22b	11.49±0.21d	9.62±0.35d	0.54±0.02d	45.72±1.35d	72.81±0.37cd	17.66±0.49bc
FINM	9.55±0.07d	87.39±0.30a	10.57±0.20e	8.46±0.18e	0.52±0.01e	42.20±1.01e	76.56±0.55b	15.09±0.56c
FINL	9.71±0.15d	85.16±0.09c	9.77±0.31f	7.87±0.32f	0.57±0.01c	40.90±0.85e	72.10±1.03d	14.79±0.53d
DINH	11.11±0.31ab	84.54±0.06d	13.39±0.24b	11.01±0.38b	0.59±0.01b	50.08±0.27b	76.10±0.46b	18.48±0.60b
DINM	10.67±0.22c	85.94±0.04b	14.36±0.28a	12.75±0.16a	0.63±0.01a	54.46±0.85a	79.36±0.87a	20.35±0.24a
DINL	11.46±0.03a	83.10±0.11e	12.27±0.16c	10.13±0.14c	0.60±0.01b	48.48±0.57c	73.41±0.45c	18.26±1.92b
显著性检验（F值）Test of significance (F value)
I	180.266**	466.605**	590.632**	424.607**	169.835**	376.185**	61.554**	54.256**
N	7.085**	351.784**	72.130**	59.115**	4.172*	30.456**	95.311**	11.462**
I×N	5.010*	5.769*	24.867**	44.684**	23.546**	30.386**	3.602	7.504**

指标 Index	主观权重 Subjective weight	客观权重 Objective weight	组合权重 Portfolio weight	正理想解 Positive ideal solution	负理想解 Negative ideal solution
产量Yield	0.446	0.087	0.399	0.130	0.012
氮肥偏生产力NPFP	0.164	0.085	0.153	0.050	0.005
灌溉水分利用效率IWUE	0.100	0.129	0.104	0.034	0.003
硬度Hardness	0.021	0.081	0.029	0.009	0.001
含水率Moisture content	0.030	0.058	0.034	0.010	0.001
可溶性固形物Total soluble solid	0.053	0.076	0.056	0.018	0.002
可溶性还原糖Soluble reducing sugar	0.058	0.081	0.061	0.021	0.002
可滴定酸Titratable acid	0.018	0.057	0.024	0.007	0.001
VC	0.051	0.084	0.055	0.018	0.002
可食率Fruit edibility	0.018	0.096	0.028	0.010	0.001
糖酸比Sugar acid ratio	0.032	0.086	0.039	0.011	0.001
单果重Single fruit weight	0.009	0.079	0.018	0.005	0.001

处理 Treatment	正理想解距离D⁺ Positive ideal solution D⁺	负理想解距离D^- Negative ideal solution D^-	相对接近度C Relative proximity C	排序 Sort
FINH	0.106	0.033	0.237	4
FINM	0.127	0.037	0.227	5
FINL	0.107	0.031	0.224	6
DINH	0.043	0.112	0.724	2
DINM	0.023	0.129	0.851	1
DINL	0.072	0.074	0.507	3

Comprehensive Evaluation of Water-Nitrogen Management Under Surge-Root Irrigation Based on Citrus Yield, Quality, and Water- Nitrogen Use Efficiency

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