Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (15): 3440-3451.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.15.015

• ANIMAL SCIENCE·VETERINARY SCIENCE • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Grazing Intensities on Root Functional Traits in Plant Communities of Inner Mongolia Meadow Steppe

KONG MengQiao1,2(), LI Hui2,3, LI ZiHao2,3, PING XiaoYan1, JIANG CuiXia2,3, GUO HaoNan2,3, YANG YiJing2,4, XIN XiaoPing2()   

  1. 1 School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083
    2 State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China / National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station / Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
    3 College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000
    4 College of Prataculture and Grassland， Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University， Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
  • Received:2025-04-02 Accepted:2026-06-04 Online:2026-08-01 Published:2026-08-03
  • Contact: XIN XiaoPing

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Abstract:

【Objective】Roots are the most critical underground organs of plants. This study investigates the dynamic effects of grazing disturbance on the root functional traits of meadow steppe communities, aiming to clarify the mechanisms by which grazing affects the structure and function of grassland community roots. It provides insights into the regulatory mechanisms and survival strategies of grassland plants under grazing disturbance.【Method】The root functional traits including total root length, number of root tips, number of root forks, root average diameter, root surface area, and total root volume were measured using minirhizotron technology under six grazing intensity treatments: no grazing (G0), light grazing (G1), light moderate grazing (G2), moderate grazing (G3), heavy grazing (G4), and extreme grazing (G5). Each grazing intensity treatment was replicated with nine minirhizotron tubes.【Result】(1) Both below-ground biomass and root-soil ratio exhibited significant decreasing trends with increasing soil depth (P<0.05). The maximum below-ground biomass and root-soil ratio were observed in the 0-10 cm soil layer under G4 grazing treatment, but there were no significant differences in below-ground biomass among grazing treatments. (2) The root morphological characteristics of meadow steppe communities vary significantly with the progression of the growing season and are affected by grazing intensity, with total root length and number of root forks showing an increasing trend over the growing season, whereas both root average diameter and total root volume reached their maxima in July before subsequent declines. Under varying grazing intensity gradients, root traits exhibit distinct patterns: moderate grazing (G1-G3) promotes root growth in the early growing season, whereas heavy or extreme grazing increases total root length and number of root forks in the late growing season but still reduces root average diameter and total root volume. (3) Specific root length (SRL) and specific root area (SRA) showed an increasing trend as the growing season progressed, peaking in September, while root tissue density (RTD) fluctuated. From June to July, SRL and SRA were highest under G3 grazing intensity, while from August to September, SRL increased with grazing intensity, and SRA decreased. RTD was generally higher under G3-G5 intensities compared to G0-G2. (4) Over time, plant height and coverage increased seasonally and peaked in September, while root-shoot ratio (R:S) decreased. With increasing grazing intensity, both height and coverage significantly decreased significantly in each month, while R:S significantly increased. (5) SRL and SRA were significantly correlated with plant community characteristics, and total root length and RTD were strongly correlated with R:S. However, average root diameter and number of root tips showed no significant correlation with soil factors or plant community characteristics.【Conclusion】The response of root morphological traits to grazing intensity exhibited dynamic differences, reflecting trade-offs in resource acquisition and structural strength at different periods. The functional composition of plant communities was strongly correlated with root traits, warranting further research. This study provides valuable insights into the response mechanisms and adaptability of meadow steppe plant roots to grazing intensity and seasonal dynamics.

Key words: root functional traits, minirhizotron, meadow steppe, grazing intensity

Fig. 1

Experimental plan of different grazing intensities"

Fig. 2

Vertical distribution of below-ground biomass and root-soil ratio in meadow steppe communities under different grazing intensities Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among grazing intensities at the same soil depth（P<0.05）, while different uppercase letters denote significant differences among soil depths under the same grazing intensity（P<0.05）"

Fig. 3

Dynamic effects of grazing intensity on root morphological traits in meadow steppe communities Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences among months within the same grazing intensity (P<0.05), while different lowercase letters denote significant differences among grazing intensities within the same month (P<0.05). The same as below"

Fig. 4

Seasonal variations in root morphological traits under different grazing intensities"

Fig. 5

Effects of grazing intensity on root functional traits of meadow steppe communities"

Fig. 6

Variations in plant community characteristics of meadow steppe under grazing intensities"

Fig. 7

Correlation between root functional traits and soil factors and plant community characteristics Pearson’s r represents the correlation coefficient between soil factors and plant community characteristics in the matrix, with blue indicating positive correlation and red indicating negative correlation; the color depth reflects the strength of the correlation. Mantel’s P represents the significance level of the Mantel test, and the line color indicates significance. Mantel’s r represents the correlation coefficient of the Mantel test, and the line thickness indicates the strength of the correlation.SWC: soil moisture content, BD: soil bulk density, ST: soil temperature, STN: soil total nitrogen, R:S: root-shoot ratio, ABP: Annual/Biennial plant, LEGU: Legumes, LILY: Liliaceae plants, PSF: Perennial short forbs, PSG: Perennial short grass, PTF: Perennial tall forbs, PTG: Perennial tall grass, SHR: Shrubs"

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