Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (13): 2573-2583.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.13.006

• PROCESS AND MECHANISM OF TEMPERATE MEADOW STEPPE DEGRADATION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Mowing Disturbance on Grassland Plant Functional Groups and Diversity in Leymus chinensis Meadow Steppe

YAN RuiRui1,ZHANG Yu1,XIN XiaoPing1(),WEI ZhiJun2,Wuren qiqige3,GUO MeiLan4   

  1. 1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, Beijing 100081
    2 College of Grassland and Resources Environmental, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019
    3Hulunber College/Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Meadow Grassland Ecosystem and Global Change, Hailar 021008, Inner Mongolia
    4School of Life Sciences, Jining Teachers College, Wulanchabu 012000, Inner Mongolia
  • Received:2019-09-07 Accepted:2019-12-20 Online:2020-07-01 Published:2020-07-16
  • Contact: XiaoPing XIN E-mail:xinxiaoping@caas.cn

RichHTML

14

PDF

212

Abstract:

【Objective】 Mowing is one of the main utilization methods of grassland, and plant functional groups and community species diversity are important ecological indicators for evaluating the degradation of grassland ecosystem under interference conditions. The plant functional groups and diversity in Leymus chinensis meadow grassland under different mowing were studied to understand the change process and mechanism of grassland functional groups and diversity, so as to provide a theoretical basis for ecological restoration of degraded mowing grassland. 【Method】 Taking the Hulunber Leymus chinensis meadow steppe as the experimental platform, the community vegetation was investigated by the sample method in the season with the most vigorous plant growth from 2014 to 2018 (early August of every year). The changes of community function groups and species diversity, as well as the interaction between different cutting time and cutting treatments, were analyzed under the conditions of annual cutting (G1), biennial cutting (G2), missed cutting 10 m (G3), missed cutting 10 m (G4) and control (CK), and the correlation between plant function groups and community species diversity was discussed. 【Result】 It was found that Leymus chinensis was the dominant species under different cutting systems, but with the increase of cutting frequency, the important value of Leymus chinensis decreased gradually, and the important value of the degraded indicator species such as Potentilla acaulis and Thermopsis lanceolate increased. The important values of leymus chinensis, Cleistogenes squarrosa, Adenophora stenanthina, Bupleurum scorzonerifolium and Poa ratensis were higher than those of other treatments. The proportion of important values of gramineae and leguminous plants decreased under annual and perennial mowing treatment, and the proportion of compositae and sedge plants increased, which were mostly degraded plants. After mowing treatment for 5 years, the species diversity index of plant communities under different mowing systems increased, among which shannon-wiener diversity index and Simpson dominance index increased significantly under the treatment of 10 m of mowed zone. The change trend of evenness index of 5 mowed treatments was different, among which, the evenness of community of G3 and G4 treated grassland showed an increasing trend, increasing by 16% and 5.8%, respectively. The evenness index under G1, G2 and CK grassland decreased, among which G1 decreased the most (by 1.8%), followed by CK (by 1.6%), and G2 grassland decreased the least. According to the change analysis of plant community species diversity index, it was found that the plant community species diversity was improved after 5 years of different mowing treatments and 10 m of missed mowing treatments. There was a significant negative correlation between community species diversity index and important values of plant functional group of Gramineae, and a significant positive correlation between community species diversity index and important values of Ranunculaceae and Compositae. 【Conclusion】 Long-term and high-frequency mowing would lead to grassland degradation, and long-term non-utilization of grassland would also lead to retrograde succession of grassland. Mowing every two years and a missed cut zone of 10 m could alleviate the decrease of the proportion of dominant plants such as Gramineae in the community and promote the increase of the proportion of Ranunculaceae. After five years of different mowing treatment, the community diversity of mowing treatment with 10 m mowing zone was improved, that is, moderate mowing disturbance to the grassland (two-year mowing and missed cut 10m) was conducive to the sustainable development of the grassland.

Key words: mowing, mowing system, Leymus chinensis meadow steppe, plant functional groups, community species biodiversity

Fig. 1

Monthly precipitation and temperature in 2014-2018 for the experiment plot"

Fig. 2

Test processing specific arrangement"

Table 1

Change of important value of plants in Leymus chinensis meadow steppe under different mowing disturbance"

种名 Species G1 G2 G3 G4 CK
羊草 Leymus chinensis 30.71 36.43 30.98 31.63 30.56
裂叶蒿 Artemisia laciniata 18.14 0.00 7.98 2.90 1.77
蓬子菜 Galium verum 4.86 1.09 5.69 6.22 3.62
长柱沙参 Adenophora stenanthina 4.03 4.76 4.20 5.91 3.13
寸草苔Carex duriuscula 3.70 6.37 3.14 6.33 3.13
披针叶黄华Thermopsis lanceolata 3.40 1.85 6.68 4.37 2.13
展枝唐松草Thalictrum squarrosum 3.16 1.36 6.95 6.81 6.02
羽茅Achnatherum sibiricum 3.12 0.00 2.05 1.33 3.75
洽草Koeleria cristata 2.80 1.16 5.59 0.68 0.45
柴胡Bupleurum scorzonerifolium 2.60 7.59 4.13 6.26 4.83
山葱Veratrum nigrum 2.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.37
山韭Allium thunbergii 2.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.65
广布野豌豆Vicia cracca 2.37 1.17 0.48 0.79 1.00
无芒雀麦Bromus inermis 1.79 0.81 1.47 0.00 0.00
贝加尔针茅Stipa baicalensis 1.63 1.37 1.53 0.00 2.19
线叶菊Filifolium sibiricum 1.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
山野豌豆Vicia amoena 1.32 0.92 3.49 1.32 0.58
扁蓿豆Medicago falcata 1.13 0.00 0.87 3.02 0.77
狗舌草Tephroseris kirilowii 1.10 0.39 0.00 1.15 0.00
石竹Dianthus chinensis 1.09 0.00 1.24 0.00 7.55
细叶白头翁Pulsatilla turczaninovii 1.03 8.70 0.00 0.00 0.79
二裂委陵菜Potentilla bifurca 1.01 6.28 1.32 3.47 3.59
苦荬菜Ixeris polycephala 0.92 0.62 0.00 0.00 1.14
防风Saposhnikovia divaricata 0.86 0.00 0.33 0.40 1.11
地榆Sanguisorba officinalis 0.75 0.00 1.82 0.37 4.54
早熟禾Poa sphondylodes 0.70 2.51 2.70 2.92 1.54
双齿葱Allium bidentatum 0.55 2.05 0.47 0.73 0.21
野韭Allium ramosum 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.66
飞蓬Erigeron acer 0.42 1.25 0.00 1.99 0.60
糙隐子草Cleistogenes squarrosa 0.00 2.82 0.88 1.56 0.52
细叶韭Allium tenuissimum 0.00 2.23 0.40 1.11 0.63
鸦葱Scorzonera austriaca 0.00 1.99 0.00 0.88 0.78
多裂叶荆芥Schizonepeta multifida 0.00 1.31 0.00 0.00 0.26
细叶百合Lilium pumilum 0.00 1.13 0.00 0.00 0.00
黄蒿Artemisia scoparia 0.00 1.00 3.18 0.00 1.17
柳穿榆Linaria vulgaris 0.00 0.79 0.39 0.00 1.14
驴蹄草Caltha palustris 0.00 0.24 0.00 0.98 0.00
狭叶青蒿Artemisia dracunculus 0.00 0.00 1.68 3.01 0.98
星毛委陵菜Potentilla acaulis 0.00 0.00 0.36 1.65 0.00
红茎委陵菜Potentilla nudicaulis 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.42 0.00
囊花鸢尾Iris ventricosa 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.03
东北大戟Euphorbia manschurica 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.52
山柳菊Hieracium krameri 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Table 2

Interactive analysis of important values of plant functional groups in Leymus chinensis meadow steppe under mowing disturbance"

功能群Function 影响因素 Factor F 显著性Sig.
禾本科Gramineae 年际Interannual 9.309 <0.001***
处理Treatment 3.681 0.011*
年际×处理Interannual×Treatment 1.504 0.136
豆科Leguminosae 年际Interannual 7.342 <0.001***
处理Treatment 1.01 0.412
年际×处理Interannual×Treatment 1.758 0.066
毛茛科Ranunculaceae 年际Interannual 2.258 0.076
处理Treatment 1.857 0.133
年际×处理Interannual×Treatment 1.254 0.263
菊科Asteraeeae 年际Interannual 1.093 0.370
处理Treatment 0.821 0.518
年际×处理Interannual×Treatment 0.991 0.481
莎草科Cyperaceae 年际Interannual 5.933 <0.001***
处理Treatment 1.098 0.368
年际×处理Interannual×Treatment 2.242 0.015*
其他科Other family 年际Interannual 5.134 0.002**
处理Treatment 0.819 0.519
年际×处理Interannual×Treatment 0.735 0.745

Fig. 3

Interannual variation of vegetation functional group structure under different castration treatments"

Fig. 4

Interannual variation of community species diversity under different castration treatments Different capital letters indicate significant difference of diversity index under different treatments (P<0.05), while lowercase letters indicate significant difference of diversity index between different years (P<0.05)"

Table 3

Correlation between plant functional groups and community species biodiversity"

因子
Factor		 丰富度指数
Margarlef index		 多样性指数
Shannon-
Wiener index		 优势度指数
Simpson index		 均匀度指数
Pielou index		 禾本科
Poaceae		 豆科
Leguminosae		 毛茛科
Ranunculaceae		 菊科
Asteraceae		 莎草科
Cyperaceae		 杂草类
Broadleaved herb
丰富度指数
Margarlef index		 1 0.853** 0.659** 0.27 -0.661** -0.131 0.540** 0.298 0.115 0.689**
多样性指数
Shannon-Wiener
index		 1 0.925** 0.714** -0.841** -0.036 0.668** 0.466* 0.138 0.679**
优势度指数
Simpson index		 1 0.849** -0.875** 0.113 0.670** 0.504* 0.093 0.603**
均匀度指数
pielou index		 1 -0.657** 0.256 0.572** 0.393 -0.029 0.322
禾本科Poaceae 1 -0.027 -0.562** -0.668** -0.272 -0.672**
豆科Leguminosae 1 -0.062 -0.133 -0.628** -0.148
毛茛科
Ranunculaceae		 1 0.18 0.04 0.322
菊科Asteraceae 1 0.152 0.166
莎草科
Cyperaceae		 1 0.091
杂草类
Broadleaved herb		 1
[1] ILMARINEN K, MIKOLA J. Soil feedback does not explain mowing effects on vegetation structure in a seminatural grassland. Acta Oecologica, 2009,35(6):838-848.
[2] KOŁOS A, BANASZUK P. Mowing as a tool for wet meadows restoration: Effect of long-term management on species richness and composition of sedge dominated wetland. Ecological Engineering, 2013,55:23-28.
[3] 鲍雅静, 李政海, 仲延凯, 杨持. 不同频次刈割对羊草草原主要植物种群能量现存量的影响. 植物学通报, 2005,22(2):153-162.
BAO Y J, LI Z H, ZHONG Y K, YANG Z. Effects of mowing frequency on the energy standing crops of major populations in a Leymus chinensis steppe of Inner Mongolia. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2005,22(2):153-162. (in Chinese)
[4] BOKDAM J, WALLIS M F, DE VIRES W. Forage quality as a limiting factor for cattle grazing in isolated Dutch nature reserves. Conservation Biology, 1992,6(3):399-408.
[5] 鲍雅静, 李政海. 基于主成分分析的内蒙古草原刈割与放牧退化演替比较研究. 干旱区资源与环境, 2009,23(10):159-163.
BAO Y J, LI Z H. A comparative study on degradation succession of Inner Mongolia steppe under mowing and grazing based on principal component analysis. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2009,23(10):159-163. (in Chinese)
[6] 章家恩, 刘文高, 陈景青, 施耀才, 蔡燕飞. 不同刈割强度对牧草地上部和地下部生长性状的影响. 应用生态学报, 2005,16(9):1740-1744
ZHANG J E, LIU W G, CHEN J Q, SHI Y C, CAI Y F. Effects of different cutting intensities on above- and underground growth of Stylosanthes guianensis. The Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005,16(9):1740-1744. (in Chinese)
[7] 宋彦涛, 周道玮, 于洋, 李强, 乌云娜. 生长季初刈割时间对羊草群落特征的影响. 中国草地学报, 2016,38(3):56-62.
SONG Y T, ZHOU D W, YU Y, LI Q, WU Y N. Effects of cutting time on the characteristics of Leymus chinensis community at the beginning of growing season. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2016,38(3):56-62. (in Chinese)
[8] 张雪, 董建国, 汪有科, 白永红, 聂真义. 刈割对牧草根系生长特征的影响. 草地学报, 2016,24(2):416-424.
ZHANG X, DONG J G, WANG Y K, BAI Y H, NIE Z Y. Effect of cutting height on the root growth characteristics of forages. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2016,24(2):416-424. (in Chinese)
[9] 都帅, 尤思涵, 刘燕, 孙林, 格根图, 贾玉山. 不同刈割时期与刈割高度对苜蓿品质的影响. 草地学报, 2016,24(4):874-878.
DU S, YOU S H, LIU Y, SUN L, GE G T, JIA Y S. Effect of different clipping periods and heights on alfalfa quality. Grassland Journal, 2016,24(4):874-878. (in Chinese)
[10] 仲延凯, 包清海, 孙维. 内蒙古白音锡勒牧场地区天然割草场合理割草制度的研究. 生态学报, 1991,11(3):242-249.
ZHONG Y K, BAO Q H, SUN W. A study on reasonable mowing systeh of natural mowing steppe in Baiyinxile Farh, Inner Mongolia. Journal of Ecology, 1991,11(3):242-249. (in Chinese)
[11] ANTONSEN H, OLSSON P A. Relative importance of burning, mowing and species translocation in the restoration of a former boreal hayfield: responses of plant diversity and the icrobial community. Journal of Applide Ecology, 2005,42(2):337-347.
[12] GAISLER J, PAVLŮ V, PAVLŮ L, HEJCMAN M. Long-term effects of different mulching and cutting regimes on plant species composition of Festuca rubra grassland. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2013,178:10-17.
[13] 柳剑丽. 刈割与放牧对锡林郭勒典型草原植被和土壤影响的研究[D]. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2013.
LIU J L. Study on the effects of castration and gr-azing on typical grassland vegetation and soil in XilinGol[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2013. (in Chinese)
[14] GUO J F, YANG Y S, CHEN G S, XIE J S, GAO R, QIAN W. Effects of clearcutting and slash burning on soil respiration in Chinese fir and evergreen broad leaved forests in midsubtropical China. Plant and Soil, 2010,333(1/2):249-261.
[15] SCHRAMA M J J, CORDLANDWEHR V, VISSER E J W, ELZENGA T M, BAKKER J P. Grassland cutting regimes affect soil properties, and consequently vegetation composition and belowground plant traits. Plant and Soil, 2013,366(1/2):401-413.
[16] 刘美玲, 宝音陶格涛, 杨持, 张新时. 不同轮割制度对内蒙古大针茅草原群落组成的影响. 北京师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2007,43(1):83-87.
LIU M L, BAOYIN T G T, YANG C, ZHANG X S. Effect of mowing systems on composition of stipa grandis community in Inner Mongolia steppe. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2007,43(1):83-87. (in Chinese)
[17] 杨惠敏, 王振南, 吉春荣. 刈割和放牧后牧草碳氮动态研究进展. 中国草地学报, 2013,35(4):102-109, 120.
YANG H M, WANG Z N, JI C R. Advances in research on carbon and nitrogen dynamics of pasture after castration and grazing. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2013,35(4):102-109, 120. (in Chinese)
[18] KLEIJN D, STEINGER T. Contrasting effects of grazing and hay cutting on the spatial and genetic population structure of Veratrum album, an unpalatable, long lived, clonal plant species. Journal of Ecology, 2002,90(2):360-370.
[19] ILMARINEN K, MIKOLA J, NISSINEN K, VESTBERG M. Role of soil organisms in the maintenance of speciesrich seminatural grasslands through mowing. Restoration Ecology, 2009,17(1):78-88.
[20] AUGUSTINE D J, MCNAUGHTON S J. Interactive effects of ungulate herbivores, soil fertility, and variable rainfall on ecosystem processes in a semiarid savanna. Ecosystems, 2006,9(8):1242-1256.
[21] LI J H, LI Z Q, REN J Z. The effects of grazing on grassland plant. Acta Pratacultural Science, 2002,11(1):4-1l.
[22] 闫瑞瑞, 闫玉春, 辛晓平, 杨桂霞, 王旭, 张保辉. 不同放牧梯度下草甸草原土壤微生物和酶活性研究. 生态环境学报, 2011,20(2):259-265.
YAN R R, YAN Y C, XIN X P, YANG G X, WANG X, ZHANG B H. Study on soil microbes and enzyme activities in meadow steppe under different grazing gradients. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2011,20(2):259-265.
[23] 刘震, 刘金祥, 张世伟. 刈割对豆科牧草的影响. 草业科学, 2008,25(8):79-84.
LIU Z, LIU J X, ZHANG S W. Effects of castration on leguminous pasture. Pratacultural Science, 2008,25(8):79-84. (in Chinese)
[24] EDWARDS G R, CRAWLEY M J. Herbivores, seed banks and seedling recruitment in mesic grassland. Journal of Ecology, 1999,87:423-435.
[25] BAOYIN T G T, FRANK Y L, HUGJILTU MINGGAGUD, BAO Q H, ZHONG Y K. Mowing succession of species composition is determined by plant growth forms, not photosynthetic pathways in Leymus chinensis grassland of Inner Mongolia. Landscape Ecology, 2015,30(9):1795-1803.
[26] 包国章, 李向林, 白静仁. 放牧及刈割强度对鸭茅密度及能量积累的影响. 应用生态学报, 2001,12(6):955-957.
BAO G Z, LI X L, BAI J R. Effect of grazing and mowing intensity on density and energy accumulation of Dactylis glomerata. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2001,12(6):955-957. (in Chinese)
[27] 曾希柏, 刘更另. 刈割对植被组成及土壤有关性质的影响. 应用生态学报, 2000,11(1):58-61.
ZENG X B, LIU G L. Effect of cutting on vegetation composition and soil properties. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2000,11(1):58-61. (in Chinese)
[28] 谭红妍. 放牧与刈割对草甸草原土壤微生物性状及植被特征的影响[D]. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2015.
TAN H Y. Study on impact of grazing and nowing on soil’s microbial properties and aboveground vegetation[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2015. (in Chinese)
[29] 徐慧敏. 不同刈割制度对大针茅草原优势种功能性状及功能多样性的影响[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古大学, 2017.
XU H M. Effects of different cutting systems on functional traits and functional diversity of dominant species in stipa grandis steppe[D]. Huhhot: Inner Mongolia University, 2017. (in Chinese)
[30] 黄振艳, 王立柱, 乌仁其其格, 李杰, 杨晓刚. 放牧和刈割对呼伦贝尔草甸草原物种多样性的影响. 草业科学, 2013,30(4):602-605.
HUANG Z Y, WANG L Z, WUREN Q Q G, LI J, YANG X G. Effects of grazing and castration on species diversity of Hulunbeier Meadow Steppe. Pratacultural Science, 2013,30(4):602-605. (in Chinese)
[31] LEPŠ J. Scale-and time-dependent effects of fertilization, mowing and dominant removal on a grassland community during a 15-year experiment. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014,51(4):978-987.
[32] 王仁忠. 干扰对草地生态系统生物多样性的影响. 东北师大学报(自然科学版), 1996(3):112-116.
WANG R Z. Impact of disturbance on the biodiversity of grassland ecosystems. Journal of Northeast Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 1996(3):112-116. (in Chinese)
[33] 王泽环 宝音陶格涛 包青海 仲延凯. 割一年休一年割草制度下羊草群落植物多样性动态变化. 生态学杂志, 2007(12):2008-2012.
WANG Z H. Dynamic changes of plant biodiversity in Leymus chinensis community clipped every other year. Journal of Ecology, 2007(12):2008-2012. (in Chinese)
[1] WANG KaiLi,YANG HeLong,XIAO Hong,SUN Wei,RONG YuPing. Effects of Nitrogen Application and Clipping Height on Vegetation Productivity and Plant Community Composition of Haying Meadow Steppe [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(13): 2625-2636.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备09089781号-30
Copyright 2018 © Editorial office of Scientia Agricultura Sinica
Tel: 86-010-82106279    E-mail: zgnykx@mail.caas.net.cn
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd