有机替代和地膜覆盖对旱地小麦根系生长、产量和水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.11.004

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer and plastic film mulching on yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of spring wheat in dryland, and to provide a theoretical basis for high-yield and efficient production of spring wheat in the rainfed farming areas of the Loess Plateau.【Method】A field experiment was conducted in Dingxi city, Gansu province, from 2023 to 2025, with four treatments established: chemical fertilizer only (NP, supplying 105 kg·N hm^-2 and 105 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2), partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer (MNP, supplying 80 kg N·hm^-2 and 88 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2, plus 8 500 kg·hm^-2 of composted sheep manure, corresponding to approximately 23.8% and 16.2% substitution of chemical N and P₂O₅, respectively), chemical fertilizer combined with plastic film mulching (FNP), and the combined application of organic substitution and film mulching (FMNP). The effects of these treatments on root traits, stage-specific water use, dry matter accumulation, yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) of spring wheat were investigated.【Result】Film mulching treatments (FNP and FMNP) significantly enhanced soil water storage at sowing compared to non-mulched treatments (NP and MNP), with an average increase of 23.7 mm. In contrast, organic substitution without film mulching (MNP) did not exert a significant effect on soil water storage. Relative to NP treatment, FNP and FMNP significantly increased root length density in the 0-20 cm soil layer at maturity by 25.7% and 22.0%, and in the 60-140 cm layer by 33.7% and 45.9%, respectively. Water consumption during the jointing-flowering stage was significantly increased by 16.8% and 24.5%, and the stage-specific water use efficiency was correspondingly enhanced by 34.3% and 35.0% for FNP and FMNP compared to NP. Leaf area index (LAI) was significantly elevated by 12.5%, 30.2%, and 38.7% for MNP, FNP, and FMNP, respectively, compared with NP. Moreover, aboveground dry matter accumulation at maturity was significantly increased by 35.1% and 40.5% for FNP and FMNP, respectively, averaged over the two-year period. Compared with the NP treatment, the FNP and FMNP treatments significantly increased grain yield by 47.0% and 58.7%, respectively, and water use efficiency for grain yield (WUEg) by 31.3% and 41.7% on average, respectively. In contrast, the MNP treatment did not significantly improve grain yield or WUEg relative to NP. Random forest and structural equation modeling analyses indicated that the combined application of organic substitution and film mulching affected root traits, which in turn regulated stage-specific water use and dry matter partitioning, thereby significantly influencing yield and WUEg.【Conclusion】These results demonstrate that the integration of partial organic fertilizer substitution with plastic film mulching optimizes root architecture, enhances water use during the jointing-flowering stage, increases biomass accumulation, reduces the root-to-shoot ratio, and promotes the allocation of photosynthetic assimilates to grains, ultimately improving both grain yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat in dryland.

Key words: spring wheat, partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer, plastic film mulching, root growth, yield, water use efficiency

WEI WenLong, WANG LinLin, CHEN XiaoLi, WU LingBin, LI LuFang, XIE YunTing, WANG JiangWen. Effects of Partial Organic Fertilizer Substitution and Plastic Film Mulching on Root Growth, Yield, and Water Use Efficiency of Spring Wheat in Dryland[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(11): 2340-2357.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1

Table 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Table 2

Effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer and plastic film mulching on yield traits, yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat"

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	耗水量 ETc (mm)	穗数 Number of spikes (spike/m²)	穗粒数 Grains per spike	千粒重 TGW (g)	生物量水分利用效率 WUEb (kg·hm^-2·mm^-1)	收获指数 Harvest index (%)	籽粒产量水分利用效率 WUEg (kg·hm^-2·mm^-1)	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)	产量协同效应SE_GY (%)	水分利用效率协同效应 SE_WUE(%)
2024	NP	349±22b	395±21ab	24.6±1.5c	39.0±2.1a	14.3±0.9b	33.9±2.4a	4.8±0.3c	1688±115b	—	—
	MNP	373±22ab	382±23b	25.5±2.2bc	41.7±3.3a	13.7±1.0b	35.7±2.4a	4.9±0.2c	1814±130b	—	—
	FNP	394±23a	426±29a	28.4±1.8ab	38.2±2.9a	17.2±1.1a	36.3±2.3a	6.2±0.3b	2450±108a	—	—
	FMNP	381±21ab	429±13a	31.8±1.7a	37.4±2.8a	18.2±1.2a	38.0±2.4a	6.9±0.4a	2631±126a	6.2	40.0
2025	NP	366±20c	412±14b	26.0±1.6b	42.1±2.3a	13.9±1.0c	34.6±2.2b	4.8±0.3b	1759±97d	—	—
	MNP	380±16bc	426±15ab	27.7±1.9b	43.1±2.8a	14.8±1.3bc	34.9±2.3ab	5.2±0.5b	1965±109c	—	—
	FNP	409±19ab	444±19ab	31.7±2.1a	41.4±2.4a	16.7±0.9ab	38.3±2.6ab	6.4±0.3a	2617±102b	—	—
	FMNP	421±18a	449±18a	33.0±2.0a	40.6±2.4a	17.1±0.9a	39.4±2.4a	6.7±0.3a	2840±104a	1.6	-5.0
平均 Average	NP	358±21b	404±18b	25.3±1.6c	40.6±2.6a	14.1±0.9b	34.3±2.1c	4.8±0.3c	1724±103c	—	—
	MNP	377±18ab	404±30b	26.6±2.2c	42.4±2.8a	14.3±1.2b	35.3±2.1bc	5.0±0.4c	1890±135c	—	—
	FNP	402±21a	435±24a	30.1±2.5b	39.8±3.0a	17.0±0.9a	37.3±2.5ab	6.3±0.3b	2534±131b	—	—
	FMNP	401±28a	439±18a	32.4±1.8a	39.0±2.9a	17.7±1.1a	38.7±2.3a	6.8±0.3a	2736±154a	3.7	17.6
年份Year (Y)		*	**	**	**	*	ns	ns	**
有机替代Organic substitution (OR)		ns	ns	**	ns	*	**	**	**
地膜覆盖Film mulching (FM)		**	**	**	ns	**	**	**	**
Y×OR		ns	**	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Y×FM		ns	*	ns	ns	**	*	ns	ns
OR×FM		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	*	ns
Y×OR×FM		ns	*	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

Table 2

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

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Effects of Partial Organic Fertilizer Substitution and Plastic Film Mulching on Root Growth, Yield, and Water Use Efficiency of Spring Wheat in Dryland

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