减氮条件下适当磷肥后移对滴灌棉花产量和磷肥利用效率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.09.006

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to explore the regulation effect of phosphorus fertilizer postponement on the maintenance of high yield of drip-irrigated cotton under the condition of nitrogen reduction, and to define the consequence of phosphorus fertilizer postponement on the utilization efficiency of cotton phosphorus fertilizer under the condition of nitrogen reduction.【Method】 A 2-year field experiment (2022-2023) was performed in the experimental ground of Shihezi University, which used Zhongmian 109 as test material. A total of six experimental treatments were set up: conventional nitrogen application (N_ck: 400 kg·hm^-2), 50% phosphorus fertilizer management treatment at the squaring stage and 50% at the flowering and boll setting stage (total phosphorus fertilizer application rate 105 kg·hm^-2, N_ckP3), and nitrogen reduction conditions (25% nitrogen reduction, Nr: No phosphorus fertilizer was applied at 300 kg·hm^-2 (P0), 100% phosphorus was applied at the squaring stage (P1, the total application rate of phosphorus fertilizer was 105 kg·hm^-2, the same below), 75% at the squaring stage + 25% at the flowering and boll setting stage (P2), 50% each at the squaring stage and the flowering and boll setting stage (P3), 25% at the squaring stage + 75% at the flowering and boll setting stage (P4) They are respectively denoted as N_ckP3, N_rP0, N_rP1, N_rP2, N_rP3 and N_rP4.【Result】 (1) Compared with N_ckP3, only N_rP3 treatment had no significant difference in seed cotton yield; under the nitrogen reduction condition, the seed cotton yield udner other treatments increased significantly compared with P0, and the increase under P3 treatment was the largest, reaching 31.0% (mainly due to the significant increase of seed cotton yield in the middle and upper branches). (2) Compared with N_ckP3, only the N_rP3 treatment showed no significant differences in the biomass of each organ and the accumulation of phosphorus in cotton. Under reduced nitrogen, compared with P0, the postponed phosphate fertilizer increases the biomass of reproductive organs in the middle and upper fruit branches of cotton and the proportion of phosphate distribution, the increase was the greatest under the P3 treatment, which were 11.0%, 21.7% and 79.6%, 72.0% respectively, and significantly increased the biomass accumulation of cotton and promoted the phosphorus absorption and utilization. In addition, only N_rP3 treatment had a higher phosphorus utilization rate than N_ckP3, with an increase of 15.8%. (3) The yield of seed cotton and the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer were positive correlated with the average accumulation rate VT of aboveground and reproductive organs biomass during the rapid accumulation period. The former was also significantly positive correlated with the maximum accumulation rate Vm of reproductive organs biomass, and the latter was positive correlated with the maximum accumulation rate Vm of reproductive organs phosphorus.【Conclusion】 Under nitrogen reduction conditions, N_rP3 treatment (the proportion of the postponed phosphorus fertilizer was 50%) can enhance the transport and distribution of biomass to the reproductive organs of the middle and upper fruit branches of cotton, promote the accumulation and distribution of phosphorus from the middle and upper fruit branches to the reproductive organs, improve the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer, and ultimately achieved the goal of reducing nitrogen in cotton without reducing yield.

Key words: drip-irrigated cotton, phosphate fertilizer postponement, nitrogen reduction, utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer, yield

GUO ChenLi, LIU Yang, CHEN Yan, HU Wei, WANG YouHua, ZHOU ZhiGuo, ZHAO WenQing. Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer Postpone Under Nitrogen Reduction Condition on Yield, Phosphorus Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency of Drip-Irrigated Cotton[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(9): 1749-1766.

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年份 Year	碱解氮含量 Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷含量 Available phosphorus content (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available potassium content (mg·kg^-1)	有机质含量 Organic matter content (g·kg^-1)	pH
2022	155.63	42.10	74.80	23.6	8.00
2023	153.26	46.66	68.25	23.4	7.95

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	铃重 Boll weight (g)	铃数 Boll number	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg·hm^-2)
2022	N_ckP3	5.76a	9.76a	6245.38a
	N_rP0	5.25d	8.27d	4899.94d
	N_rP1	5.39b	8.43d	5299.18c
	N_rP2	5.40c	9.19c	5600.61b
	N_rP3	5.67ab	9.64ab	6090.36a
	N_rP4	5.47c	9.40bc	5717.98b
2023	N_ckP3	6.28a	12.14a	7180.77a
	N_rP0	5.72d	8.50e	5100.34e
	N_rP1	5.85c	9.42d	5696.43d
	N_rP2	5.95c	10.56c	6102.97c
	N_rP3	6.23a	11.96ab	7022.03a
	N_rP4	6.04b	11.46b	6518.58b
变异来源 Significance of factors
年份Year		*	**	**
处理 Treatment		*	**	**
年份×处理Year×Treatment		*	*	*

	年份 Year	处理 Treatment	R²	A (kg·666.7 m^-2)	t1 (d)	t2 (d)	T (d)	VT (kg·666.7 m^-2·d^-1)	Vm (kg·666.7 m^-2·d^-1)
地上器官 Aboveground organ	2022	N_ckP3	0.987	2572.08	60.8	105.7	44.9	20.89	52.97
		N_rP0	0.994	1689.45	57.2	96.5	39.3	12.04	33.44
		N_rP1	0.998	2097.08	57.9	97.4	39.5	13.64	44.97
		N_rP2	0.999	2157.72	59.2	98.8	39.6	14.82	44.13
		N_rP3	0.996	2439.01	59.6	101.9	42.3	19.79	52.64
		N_rP4	0.998	2405.32	59.2	99.3	40.1	15.83	50.95
	2023	N_ckP3	0.979	2671.46	68.1	116.3	48.2	23.41	67.63
		N_rP0	0.978	1765.25	62.1	102.7	40.6	12.30	32.93
		N_rP1	0.965	2103.82	63.0	105.8	42.8	16.25	40.17
		N_rP2	0.972	2272.26	63.0	108.5	45.5	18.53	44.97
		N_rP3	0.970	2614.19	65.3	113.0	47.7	20.89	58.20
		N_rP4	0.973	2508.07	64.5	111.1	46.6	20.89	51.46
生殖器官 Reproductive organ	2022	N_ckP3	0.992	1812.41	84.8	109.7	24.9	22.66	106.88
		N_rP0	0.998	1290.25	82.4	105.3	22.9	12.30	62.74
		N_rP1	0.997	1374.47	82.8	107.4	24.6	13.22	66.95
		N_rP2	0.996	1507.54	82.9	107.6	24.7	13.64	72.26
		N_rP3	0.994	1660.82	84.1	109.6	25.5	16.51	106.12
		N_rP4	0.996	1551.33	83.3	108.5	25.2	14.23	79.59
	2023	N_ckP3	0.992	1660.82	93.8	119.1	25.3	18.11	172.82
		N_rP0	0.996	1069.59	90.1	113.8	23.7	10.19	81.69
		N_rP1	0.978	1271.72	90.5	114.5	24.0	12.46	112.94
		N_rP2	0.976	1345.84	90.6	115.2	24.6	13.90	128.77
		N_rP3	0.995	1579.97	91.8	118.8	27.0	16.00	150.67
		N_rP4	0.999	1465.43	91.3	117.1	25.8	16.09	134.25

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	各器官生物量分配比例 Biomass distribution ratio in various parts of cotton (%)
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	茎秆 Stem and branch	叶片 Leaf	生殖器官 Reproductive organ	下部果枝 Lower fruiting branch	中部果枝 Middle fruiting branch	上部果枝 Upper fruiting branch
2022	N_ckP3	13.88d	22.45b	64.0a	24.4a	21.0a	18.6a
	N_rP0	18.95a	24.07a	56.9d	23.0c	18.6c	15.3d
	N_rP1	17.83ab	22.30b	59.9bc	23.6b	18.8c	17.5c
	N_rP2	17.08bc	21.71b	61.2abc	24.2a	19.2bc	17.9bc
	N_rP3	15.89c	20.08c	63.7ab	24.3a	20.9a	18.5a
	N_rP4	16.78bc	20.90c	62.3ab	24.2a	20.0b	18.1ab
2023	N_ckP3	14.41d	23.56b	64.2a	19.9a	21.0a	23.3a
	N_rP0	18.08a	26.10a	55.8d	15.2c	18.6c	22.0c
	N_rP1	16.08ab	26.30b	57.6bc	16.0c	19.5b	22.2c
	N_rP2	15.59bc	24.94b	59.5abc	17.8b	19.1bc	22.6bc
	N_rP3	13.37c	22.43c	62.0ab	18.6ab	20.4ab	23.0ab
	N_rP4	15.13bc	24.72c	60.1ab	17.8b	19.4b	22.9ab

	年份 Year	处理 Treatment	R²	A (g·m^-2)	t1 (d)	t2 (d)	T (d)	VT (g·m^-2·d^-1)	Vm (g·m^-2·d^-1)
地上器官 Aboveground organ	2022	N_ckP3	0.957	7.31	63.80	111.80	48.00	0.02	0.10
		N_rP0	0.975	5.02	58.21	101.42	43.21	0.02	0.05
		N_rP1	0.958	5.18	58.28	103.62	45.34	0.02	0.05
		N_rP2	0.960	5.80	60.04	105.07	45.03	0.02	0.07
		N_rP3	0.973	6.84	62.66	108.54	45.88	0.02	0.09
		N_rP4	0.97	6.26	62.45	108.06	45.61	0.02	0.08
	2023	N_ckP3	0.957	7.26	75.94	126.06	50.12	0.01	0.05
		N_rP0	0.975	4.98	69.24	113.57	44.33	0.01	0.02
		N_rP1	0.958	6.17	69.61	117.04	47.43	0.01	0.04
		N_rP2	0.960	6.44	70.52	118.80	48.28	0.01	0.04
		N_rP3	0.973	7.00	73.78	123.58	49.80	0.02	0.04
		N_rP4	0.970	6.69	72.59	122.02	49.43	0.01	0.04
生殖器官 Reproductive organ	2022	N_ckP3	0.998	6.05	83.35	111.04	27.69	0.01	0.16
		N_rP0	0.999	4.36	79.53	103.71	24.18	0.01	0.05
		N_rP1	0.995	4.79	80.14	107.03	26.89	0.01	0.08
		N_rP2	0.997	5.15	80.54	107.63	27.09	0.01	0.09
		N_rP3	0.999	5.81	81.98	109.55	27.57	0.01	0.15
		N_rP4	0.999	5.33	81.48	108.08	26.60	0.01	0.15
	2023	N_ckP3	0.998	5.68	93.12	123.51	30.39	0.02	0.07
		N_rP0	0.999	4.13	88.23	112.32	24.09	0.01	0.04
		N_rP1	0.995	5.20	89.00	115.68	26.68	0.01	0.06
		N_rP2	0.997	5.29	89.47	117.14	27.67	0.02	0.06
		N_rP3	0.999	5.55	92.38	120.96	28.58	0.02	0.07
		N_rP4	0.999	5.26	90.1	118.21	28.11	0.02	0.06

Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer Postpone Under Nitrogen Reduction Condition on Yield, Phosphorus Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency of Drip-Irrigated Cotton

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	偏生产力 Productivity (kg·kg^-1)	磷肥利用率 Utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer (%)	农学利用率 Agronomic utilization rate(kg·kg^-1)	累积利用率 Cumulative utilization rate(%)
2022	N_ckP3	67.52a	15.65ab	14.94a	60.35ab
	N_rP0	—	—	—	—
	N_rP1	57.16d	9.79c	4.58d	54.49c
	N_rP2	60.51c	12.04bc	7.92c	56.74bc
	N_rP3	65.89ab	18.07a	13.31a	63.08a
	N_rP4	63.31b	14.02abc	10.73b	58.72abc
2023	N_ckP3	66.49a	20.76ab	19.56a	59.12ab
	N_rP0	—	—	—	—
	N_rP1	52.84c	12.38c	5.90c	38.36d
	N_rP2	54.43c	17.04bc	7.49c	50.74c
	N_rP3	65.02a	24.09a	18.09a	62.85a
	N_rP4	60.31b	19.12b	13.38b	55.40bc

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	磷素分配指数Phosphorus distributive index (%)
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	茎秆 Stem and branch	叶片 Leaf	生殖器官 Reproductive organ	下部果枝 Lower fruiting branch	中部果枝 Middle fruiting branch	上部果枝 Upper fruiting branch
2022	N_ckP3z	8.2c	18.4c	73.4b	33.7a	21.6b	19.1a
	N_rP0	14.5a	25.9a	59.6d	29.8b	16.3c	12.3c
	N_rP1	13.2ab	24.1a	62.7cd	31.0ab	17.7bc	13.2c
	N_rP2	10.7bc	21.2b	68.1c	31.7ab	19.6b	15.1bc
	N_rP3	9.4c	13.4d	77.1a	34.2a	24.6a	21.5a
	N_rP4	10.1c	20.7bc	69.2c	33.3a	19.2b	16.3b
2023	N_ckP3	4.5bc	12.4bc	83.1a	28.0a	28.1ab	27.0ab
	N_rP0	6.4a	14.6a	79.1d	27.1b	26.8cd	25.2c
	N_rP1	5.7ab	13.0b	81.3c	27.9a	27.1c	26.3b
	N_rP2	5.0bc	12.5bc	82.5ab	27.9a	27.8b	26.8b
	N_rP3	4.0c	12.0c	84.1a	28.2a	28.6a	27.5a
	N_rP4	4.8bc	12.5bc	82.7bc	27.8a	28.0b	26.9b