钙/铝基改良剂对河套灌区盐碱土质量及向日葵产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.20.015

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the effects of calcium- and/or aluminum-based soil amendments on soil quality and sunflower yield in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia, China, so as to provide a theoretical support and technical guidance for the comprehensive governance of saline-alkali lands in the region.【Method】A two-year (2022-2023) field experiment was conducted in Ordos City, Inner Mongolia, with four treatments: control (CK), calcium-based amendment (Ca-based), aluminum-based amendment (Al-based), and calcium+aluminum-based amendment (Ca+Al-based). The experiment systematically assessed soil salinity indices and nutrient content in the 0-20 cm soil layer, as well as sunflower agronomic traits and grain yield at harvest. The soil quality index (SQI) was constructed using principal component analysis, and structural equation modeling was employed to reveal the effects of the amendments on SQI and sunflower yield. 【Result】Compared with CK, all three soil amendments improved the SQI and sunflower yield. Among the treatments, the Ca+Al-based amendment demonstrated the most promising results, specifically reducing soil pH by 0.09-0.24 units and sodium adsorption ratio by 14.3%-24.9%, and increasing soil available phosphorus by 72.7%-147.0% and nitrate nitrogen by 0.6%-89.6%. Consequently, it increased the SQI by 51.0%-58.0% and sunflower seed yield by 30.0%-51.4% compared with CK. The Ca-based treatment was less pronounced, with SQI increasing by 36.3%-51.0% and yield increasing only in 2022 (29.3%). Notably, soil electrical conductivity increased by 16.0%-70.4% under the Ca-based and Ca+Al-based treatments, primarily due to an increase in water-soluble Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and SO₄^2- concentrations, and did not lead to salt damage in plants. In addition, structural equation modeling revealed that the amendments exerted their effects by directly regulating soil salinity and nutrient indices, which indirectly increased SQI and yield. Furthermore, the contribution of soil salinity reduction to yield (79.2%) was greater than that of nutrient improvement (20.8%). 【Conclusion】The Ca+Al-based amendment demonstrated a synergistic effect in significantly improving soil quality and sunflower yield, making it a suitable option for further application in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia and similar ecological regions.

Key words: desulfurization gypsum, aluminum sulfate, soil amendment, saline-alkali soil, soil quality, sunflower, yield

LI MingZhu, TIAN RongRong, LI Ran, WANG ShuJuan, WANG WeiNi, WANG Jing, LIU JunMei, LIU Jia, LI YuYi, XU LiZhen, LI Yan, ZHAO YongGan. Effects of Calcium/Aluminum-Based Amendments on Saline-Alkali Soil Quality and Sunflower Yield in the Hetao Irrigation District[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(20): 4231-4245.

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pH	电导率 EC (μS·cm^-1)	钠吸附比 SAR ((mmol·L^-1)^1/2)	水溶性离子 Water-soluble ions (cmol·kg^-1)							养分含量 Nutrient status
pH	电导率 EC (μS·cm^-1)	钠吸附比 SAR ((mmol·L^-1)^1/2)	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	HCO₃^-	有机碳SOC (g·kg^-1)	铵态氮NH₄⁺-N (mg·kg^-1)	硝态氮NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 AP (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 AK (mg·kg^-1)
8.8	541	7.2	<0.1	1.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	1.1	0.6	6.6	8.1	27.1	8.0	154.3

改良剂 Amendment	主要元素比例 Proportion of major element (%)
改良剂 Amendment	Ca	Al	S	C	O	N	P	K	Si	Mg	Fe	Cl	Na	其他Other
Ca-based	13.9	2.4	8.2	13.2	49.6	1.7	0.2	1.6	6.3	0.7	0.9	0.4	0.4	0.5
Al-based	4.8	5.3	8.9	10.2	51.1	1.4	0.2	6.7	8.0	0.6	1.6	0.2	0.7	0.5
Ca+Al-based	12.2	4.8	10.7	7.3	53.6	1.2	0.2	2.8	5.2	0.4	0.8	0.1	0.3	0.5

指标 Indicators	综合得分系数 Comprehensive score coefficient		权重 Weight
指标 Indicators	2022	2023	2022	2023
pH	0.208	0.256	0.063	0.072
电导率EC	0.212	0.253	0.065	0.072
K⁺	0.189	0.255	0.057	0.072
Na⁺	0.213	0.252	0.065	0.071
Ca²⁺	0.245	0.250	0.075	0.071
Mg²⁺	0.263	0.258	0.080	0.073
Cl^-	0.262	0.214	0.080	0.06
SO₄^2-	0.210	0.276	0.064	0.078
HCO₃^-	0.161	0.204	0.049	0.058
有机碳SOC	0.204	0.214	0.062	0.061
全氮TN	0.224	0.161	0.068	0.046
铵态氮NH₄⁺-N	0.193	0.238	0.059	0.067
硝态氮NO₃^--N	0.252	0.251	0.077	0.071
有效磷AP	0.262	0.238	0.080	0.067
速效钾AK	0.191	0.216	0.058	0.061

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	有机碳 SOC (g·kg^-1)	全氮 TN (g·kg^-1)	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N (mg·kg^-1)	硝态氮 NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 AP (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 AK (mg·kg^-1)
2022	CK	6.79±0.4a	0.81±0.05a	8.87±0.77a	18.0±4.12b	7.55±0.3b	160±0.98b
	Ca-based	7.24±0.15a	0.83±0.12a	6.46±0.63b	35.3±1.98a	13.6±0.97a	246±10.6a
	Al-based	6.93±0.32a	0.78±0.04a	7.35±0.69ab	35.2±2.48a	7.38±0.53b	162±1.28b
	Ca+Al-based	7.07±0.34a	0.76±0.06a	6.08±0.58b	34.2±2.23a	13.0±1.87a	167±2.49b
2023	CK	6.44±0.18a	0.73±0.01a	4.02±0.33a	69.9±2.73a	5.49±0.98b	115±3.27a
	Ca-based	6.45±0.15a	0.80±0.12a	3.43±0.32a	39.3±11.81b	8.57±0.31b	126±2.45a
	Al-based	6.82±0.43a	0.76±0.03a	4.12±0.28a	67.8±3.54a	8.14±0.75b	97.7±2.08b
	Ca+Al-based	6.74±0.23a	0.80±0.05a	4.12±0.24a	70.4±2.19a	13.6±1.95a	123±5.33a
方差分析 ANOVA (P-value)
处理（改良剂）Treatment (T)		0.57	0.49	0.03	0.002	<0.001	<0.001
年份Year (Y)		0.03	0.51	<0.001	<0.001	0.02	<0.001
处理×年份T×Y		0.43	0.49	0.01	<0.001	0.01	<0.001

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	出苗率 Emergence rate (%)	株高 Plant height (cm)	花盘直径 Disk diameter (cm)	百粒重 Hundred-grain weight (g)	籽粒产量 Seed yield (kg·hm^-2)
2022	CK	76.0±7.1a	123.3±4.7d	18.7±1.2b	14.7±0.2b	2656.5±217.5b
	Ca-based	77.3±1.9a	220.0±12.6a	21.3±0.5ab	17.4±0.6a	3453.1±288.7a
	Al-based	79.7±2.9a	197.3±3.3b	24.3±1.2a	15.0±0.6b	3129.8±219.8ab
	Ca+Al-based	84.0±2.8a	166.7±6.9c	23.7±1.2a	17.0±0.4a	3434.3±296.1a
2023	CK	71.7±13.1b	205.8±9.5ab	21.9±1.8a	15.5±0.9a	3375.7±329.3b
	Ca-based	86.7±12.5a	217.2±7.3a	21.7±1.5a	18.9±0.8a	4780.1±434.6ab
	Al-based	73.3±2.4b	223.3±1.8a	24.3±1.8a	17.5±1.3a	4523.2±332.5ab
	Ca+Al-based	85.0±4.1a	190.7±14.9b	24.1±0.6a	18.5±0.3a	5110.3±630.1a
方差分析ANOVA (P-value)
处理（改良剂）Treatment (T)		0.18	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
年份Year (Y)		0.98	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
处理×年份T×Y		0.45	0.001	0.321	0.425	0.008

Effects of Calcium/Aluminum-Based Amendments on Saline-Alkali Soil Quality and Sunflower Yield in the Hetao Irrigation District

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