不同植物生长调节剂处理对‘无核白’葡萄鲜果及制干品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.18.013

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the co-synergistic action of different plant growth regulators compound combination on grape, optimize the increase fruit size method and reduce the concentration of gibberellin, so as to select the suitable plant growth regulators treatment for Thompson Seedless grape, and to provide the theoretical basis and technical support for flower and fruit management technology selection in Xinjiang. 【Method】 With Thompson Seedless grape as the experimental material, a split-split plot field experiment was conducted in Shanshan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. The GA₃ concentration for inflorescence elongation were used as main plots, and four levels were set: 0, 60, 80, and 100 mg·L^-1. Three types of fruit-enlarging compound plant growth regulators including CPPU, TDZ, and BR were used as split-plots. The concentration levels of the fruit-enlarging compound plant growth regulators were used as split-split plots, and four levels were set: low, medium, relatively high, and high concentrations. This study focused on analyzing the effects of the three-factor combination GA₃ concentration for inflorescence elongation, type of fruit-enlarging compound plant growth regulator, and concentration of the fruit-enlarging compound plant growth regulator on fruit quality, such as single berry weight, fruit shape index, soluble solid-to-acid ratio, and color parameters at the fruit ripening stage. The quality related to raisin processing was investigated, such as dry output rate, browning rate, color parameters and fullness of raisins. 【Result】 The single berry weight under different treatments were ranged from 2.64 to 4.88 g, mainly influenced by the type of fruit-enlarging compound regulator. Significant differences were observed among the three types of regulators, with the order being TDZ > CPPU > BR; The soluble solid content (SSC) in single berry ranged from 16.30% to 23.00%, influenced by three factors and their interactions. In factor A (GA₃ concentration for inflorescence elongation), both 60, 80, and 100 mg·L^-1 treatments were significantly higher than CK. In factor B (type of fruit-enlarging compound regulator), BR treatment was significantly higher than CPPU and TDZ treatments. The solid-to-acid ratio in berry ranged from 20.40 to 35.14, mainly influenced by factor B. The dry output rate of raisin ranged from 16.10% to 27.90%, affected by both three factors and their interactions. In factor A, the dry output rate of 80 mg·L^-1 GA₃ treatments were significantly higher than CK and the other two treatments. In factor B, the dry output rate under CPPU and BR treatments were significantly higher than TDZ. In factor C (concentration of fruit-enlarging compound regulator), the low-concentration treatment was significantly higher than the other three concentration treatments. The fullness of raisins index ranged from 0.54 to 0.97, influenced by both three factors and their interactions, and in factor A, both 60, 80, and 100 mg·L^-1 GA₃ treatments were significantly higher than 0 mg·L^-1 GA₃ treatment. In factor B, the fullness of raisins with TDZ and BR treatments were significantly higher than CPPU, and the high-concentration treatment was significantly higher than the other three concentration levels. The browning rate of raisin ranged from 5.71% to 65.17%, affected by both three factors and their interactions. In factor A, the 100 mg·L^-1 GA₃ treatment was significantly lower than CK, 60 and 80 mg·L^-1 GA₃ treatments. In factor B, the BR treatment was significantly lower than CPPU and TDZ treatments, and the relatively high-concentration treatment was significantly lower than the other three concentration levels. 【Conclusion】T30 treatment (80 mg·L^-1 GA₃ for inflorescence elongation, and 50 mg·L^-1 GA₃+10 mg·L^-1 GA₄₊₇+3 mg·L^-1 TDZ for fruit enlargement) had the highest fresh fruit quality. T34 treatment (80 mg·L^-1 GA₃ for inflorescence elongation, and 50 mg·L^-1 GA₃+10 mg·L^-1 GA₄₊₇+2 mg·L^-1 BR for fruit enlargement) had the highest quality related to raisin.

Key words: grape, raisin, plant growth regulator, flower and fruit management, fruit quality

WANG Di, HAN ShouAn, ZHANG Wen, WANG Min, SHI HuiDong, ZHU XueHui, BAI ShiJian, LIU XuPeng, TIAN Jia, XIE Hui. Effects of Different Plant Growth Regulators on Fruit and Raisin Quality of Thompson Seedless Grapes[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(18): 3767-3782.

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Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

The impact of different plant growth regulators on the quality of dried Thompson Seedless grapes"

	单粒质量 Single berry weight (g)	出干率 Drying yield (%)	饱满度 Plumpness	纵径 Longitudinal diameter (cm)	横径 Transverse diameter (cm)	果形指数 Fruit Shape Index	可溶性固形物含量 Soluble solids content (%)	总酸含量 Total acidity (%)	固酸比 Solids to acid ratio
裂区方差结果分析（F值） Split-plot ANOVA (F value)
A	22.28**	3.88	21.91**	3.87*	25.47***	34.93***	128.65***	56.54***	112.2***
B	4.95*	37.4***	6.16**	2.84	0.81	1.94	291.37***	13.13***	15.94***
C	13.86***	2.88*	2.63	2.91*	1.51	1.05	40.35***	177	1.42
A×B	4.22**	6.11**	6.26**	3.44**	7.40***	3.27**	118.16***	18.70***	22.59***
A×C	5.50***	3.37**	1.93	1.95*	2.58**	2.42*	66.48***	10.43***	7.19***
B×C	12.42***	3.93**	2.63*	2.45*	2.52*	2.01	46.9***	2.31*	1.14
A×B×C	8.06***	2.14*	7.22***	3.01***	7.16***	2.39**	78.57***	11.14***	11.43***
主区（因素A）平均值 Average of main area (Factor A)
0	0.76b	21.15ab	0.66b	1.91b	0.96a	2.01b	78.33a	1.94c	43.69a
60	0.82a	22.45a	0.78a	1.99a	0.86b	2.33a	77.07b	2.96ab	27.61b
80	0.81a	21.46ab	0.78a	2.00a	0.87b	2.32a	73.14d	2.92b	26.72b
100	0.83a	19.98b	0.77a	1.97ab	0.85b	2.34a	75.53c	3.21a	25.91b
副区（因素B）平均值 Average of sub-zone (Factor B)
CPPU	0.82a	21.95a	0.71b	2.01a	0.89a	2.28a	74.72b	2.93a	28.03b
TDZ	0.80ab	19.08b	0.75a	1.94b	0.89a	2.20a	74.15c	2.63b	32.13a
BR	0.79b	22.75a	0.77a	1.95ab	0.88a	2.26a	79.19a	2.71b	32.78a
副副区（因素C）平均值 Average of nested factor (Factor C)
低浓度 Low concentration	0.82a	21.93a	0.74ab	1.98ab	0.90a	2.24a	77.18a	2.70a	31.12a
中等浓度 Medium concentration	0.83a	21.33ab	0.73b	2.01a	0.89a	2.29a	77.25a	2.87a	30.00a
较高浓度 Relatively high concentration	0.78b	20.59b	0.72b	1.95b	0.89a	2.22a	75.50b	2.78a	32.44a
高浓度 High concentration	0.79b	21.2ab	0.77a	1.93b	0.87a	2.25a	74.14c	2.69a	30.36a

Table 4

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Table 7

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	KADIER J P E, HE D, REHEMAN M M T A L, ABUDEREYIMU N J T, KUERBAN H L L. Effect of pro-dry agent on the productivity and quality of Thompson Seedless grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) treated or untreated by GA₃. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 45(33): 45-48, 51. (in Chinese)
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编号 Serial number	拉穗处理 Cluster elongation treatment	膨果复配调节剂种类 Types of fruit-enlarging compound regulator	浓度 Concentration (mg·L^-1)	编号 Serial number	拉穗处理 Cluster elongation treatment	膨果复配调节剂种类 Type of fruit-enlarging compound regulator	浓度 Concentration (mg·L^-1)
T1	清水Water (0 mg·L^-1 GA₃)	GA₃+GA₄₊₇+CPPU	50+10+0.5	T25	80 mg·L^-1 GA₃	GA₃+GA₄₊₇+CPPU	50+10+0.5
T2		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+CPPU	50+10+1	T26		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+CPPU	50+10+1
T3		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+CPPU	50+10+1.5	T27		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+CPPU	50+10+1.5
T4		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+CPPU	50+10+2	T28		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+CPPU	50+10+2
T5		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+TDZ	50+10+1	T29		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+TDZ	50+10+1
T6		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+TDZ	50+10+3	T30		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+TDZ	50+10+3
T7		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+TDZ	50+10+5	T31		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+TDZ	50+10+5
T8		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+TDZ	50+10+7	T32		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+TDZ	50+10+7
T9		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+BR	50+10+1	T33		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+BR	50+10+1
T10		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+BR	50+10+2	T34		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+BR	50+10+2
T11		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+BR	50+10+3	T35		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+BR	50+10+3
T12		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+BR	50+10+4	T36		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+BR	50+10+4
T13	60 mg·L^-1 GA₃	GA₃+GA₄₊₇+CPPU	50+10+0.5	T37	100 mg·L^-1 GA₃	GA₃+GA₄₊₇+CPPU	50+10+0.5
T14		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+CPPU	50+10+1	T38		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+CPPU	50+10+1
T15		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+CPPU	50+10+1.5	T39		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+CPPU	50+10+1.5
T16		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+CPPU	50+10+2	T40		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+CPPU	50+10+2
T17		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+TDZ	50+10+1	T41		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+TDZ	50+10+1
T18		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+TDZ	50+10+3	T42		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+TDZ	50+10+3
T19		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+TDZ	50+10+5	T43		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+TDZ	50+10+5
T20		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+TDZ	50+10+7	T44		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+TDZ	50+10+7
T21		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+BR	50+10+1	T45		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+BR	50+10+1
T22		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+BR	50+10+2	T46		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+BR	50+10+2
T23		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+BR	50+10+3	T47		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+BR	50+10+3
T24		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+BR	50+10+4	T48		GA₃+GA₄₊₇+BR	50+10+4
				CK	0	0	0

	单粒质量 Single berry weight (g)	纵径 Longitudinal diameter (cm)	横径 Transverse diameter (cm)	果形指数 Fruit Shape Index	可溶性固形物含量 Soluble solids content (%)	总酸含量 Total acidity (%)	固酸比 Solids to acid ratio	拉力 Tensile force (N)	硬度 Firmness (N)
裂区方差分析（F值） Split-plot ANOVA (F value)
A	8.51*	11.41***	7.78**	6.56**	68.81***	12.15**	2.32	3.77*	2.6
B	59.19***	6.75**	5.6**	3.5*	255.03***	1.12	19.76***	0.62	0.55
C	1.6	0.99	4.37**	5.52**	2.77*	0.74	1.44	1.84	2.11
A×B	5.17***	3.69**	3.26*	2.2	17.24***	1.75	4.29**	0.86	0.8
A×C	2.67*	2.26*	1.36	1.44	8.51***	1.22	1.42	0.98	1.47
B×C	2.42*	2.48*	2.49*	2.86*	27.79***	2.19	5.85***	0.48	2.89**
A×B×C	2.04*	2.59***	2.17**	2.68***	4.52***	3.58***	3.47***	0.44	2.11**
主区（因素A）平均值 Average of main area (Factor A)
0	3.64b	2.08b	1.48b	1.42ab	19.13c	0.77b	25.29a	2.22b	1.14b
60	3.73b	2.19a	1.47b	1.49a	21.22a	0.85a	25.36a	2.45ab	1.24a
80	3.83b	2.21a	1.52b	1.48a	21.56a	0.88a	24.9a	2.45ab	1.24a
100	4.18a	2.23a	1.6a	1.40b	20.73b	0.89a	23.58a	2.7a	1.2ab
副区（因素B）平均值 Average of sub-zone (Factor B)
CPPU	3.78b	2.2a	1.5b	1.48a	20.83b	0.84a	25.22a	2.44a	1.19a
TDZ	4.25a	2.18a	1.56a	1.41b	19.32c	0.84a	23.2b	2.52a	1.2a
BR	3.51c	2.14b	1.49b	1.45ab	21.82a	0.86a	25.93a	2.4a	1.22a
副副区（因素C）平均值 Average of nested factor (Factor C)
低浓度 Low concentration	3.82a	2.15a	1.54a	1.41b	20.86a	0.83a	25.6a	2.29b	1.21ab
中等浓度 Medium concentration	3.93a	2.2a	1.54a	1.45b	20.74ab	0.86a	24.62a	2.61a	1.24a
较高浓度 Relatively high concentration	3.83a	2.18a	1.46b	1.52a	20.54b	0.85a	24.45a	2.46ab	1.22ab
高浓度 High concentration	3.8a	2.17a	1.54a	1.42b	20.5b	0.84a	24.47a	2.46ab	1.15b

	E	L	a	b	C	h
裂区方差分析（F值） Split-plot ANOVA (F value)
A	45.3***	25.93***	7.95**	40.17***	39.29***	13.72***
B	7.61**	7.33**	43.79***	5.50**	5.46**	41.35***
C	1.10	1.00	9.72***	1.03	1.05	9.10***
A×B	5.95***	5.17***	2.37*	5.26***	5.31***	3.88**
A×C	1.58	1.13	4.12***	1.67	1.68	4.36***
B×C	1.22	1.51	7.15***	0.66	0.57	6.21***
A×B×C	2.39**	2.40**	3.31***	3.31***	3.31***	3.00***
主区（因素A）平均值 Average of main area (Factor A)
0	20.93c	14.35c	-1.41b	15.12c	117.93c	95.51a
60	20.62c	14.48c	-1.17a	14.55d	107.78d	94.66b
80	22.99a	16.24a	-1.03a	16.19a	133.21a	93.66c
100	21.98b	15.21b	-1.17a	15.77b	127.93b	94.41b
副区（因素B）平均值 Average of sub-zone (Factor B)
CPPU	21.45b	14.98b	-1.24b	15.27b	119.13b	94.73b
TDZ	21.00b	14.52b	-1.44c	15.03b	116.20b	95.66a
BR	22.44a	15.72a	-0.90a	15.91a	129.32a	93.29c
副副区（因素C）平均值 Average of nested factor (Factor C)
低浓度 Low concentration	22.01a	15.35a	-1.17b	15.67a	125.75a	94.38bc
中等浓度 Medium concentration	21.49a	14.86a	-1.03a	15.41a	121.87a	93.98c
较高浓度 Relatively high concentration	21.59a	15.12a	-1.37c	15.30a	119.68a	95.25a
高浓度 High concentration	21.42a	14.95a	-1.20b	15.23a	118.90a	94.63b

	褐变率 Browning rate (%)	△E	L	a	b	C	h
裂区方差结果分析（F值） Split-plot ANOVA (F value)
A	37.61***	30.60***	14.50***	66.50***	9.58***	14.35***	32.14***
B	19.19***	0.26	6.77**	0.90	6.14**	7.97***	0.73
C	1.68	2.38	1.03	1.42	3.42*	2.74*	2.44
A×B	14.76***	10.43***	8.40***	7.75***	6.03***	3.55**	7.76***
A×C	8.08***	2.31*	2.07*	3.13**	3.18**	3.03**	3.19**
B×C	28.73***	4.23***	3.13**	6.97***	2.59*	1.27	5.47***
A×B×C	12.17***	2.77***	2.36**	3.32***	3.62***	4.33***	2.96***
主区（因素A）平均值 Average of main area (Factor A)
0	32.68b	21.02ab	34.73b	5.04c	14.41a	15.51b	70.05b
60	38.10a	20.06b	34.27b	5.96b	13.50b	14.99c	65.33c
80	34.11ab	16.80c	33.11c	7.01a	14.65a	16.43a	63.96c
100	19.89c	21.30a	36.53a	4.30d	15.06a	15.77b	73.71a
副区（因素B）平均值 Average of sub-zone (Factor B)
CPPU	30.79b	19.67a	34.34b	5.64a	14.29b	15.63b	67.80a
TDZ	35.89a	19.92a	34.23b	5.44a	14.11b	15.40b	68.16a
BR	26.91c	19.79a	35.41a	5.65a	14.81a	16.01a	68.82a
副副区（因素C）平均值 Average of nested factor (Factor C)
低浓度 Low concentration	31.28ab	19.08b	34.19a	5.78a	13.90b	15.33b	66.77b
中等浓度 Medium concentration	31.32ab	20.25a	34.88a	5.65a	14.54a	15.88a	68.10ab
较高浓度 Relatively high concentration	29.81b	19.96ab	34.69a	5.38a	14.75a	15.85a	69.54a
高浓度 High concentration	32.37a	19.89ab	34.19a	5.49a	14.43ab	15.66ab	68.63ab

鲜食葡萄项 Fresh table grape category	信息熵值 Entropy value (E)	信息效用值 Information utility value (D)	权重 Weight (%)	葡萄干项 Raisin category	信息熵值 Entropy value (E)	信息效用值 Information utility value (D)	权重 Weight (%)
固酸比 Solids to acid ratio	0.942	0.058	18.628	饱满度 Plumpness	0.949	0.051	21.196
果形指数 Fruit shape index	0.957	0.043	13.899	果形指数 Fruit shape index	0.962	0.038	15.895
C	0.964	0.036	11.575	出干率 Drying yield	0.964	0.036	15.164
拉力 Tensile force	0.965	0.035	11.050	C	0.968	0.032	13.359
总酸含量 Total acidity	0.972	0.028	9.000	横径 Transverse diameter	0.974	0.026	10.805
硬度 Firmness	0.973	0.027	8.482	褐变率 Browning rate	0.976	0.024	9.985
可溶性固形物含量 Soluble solids content	0.973	0.027	8.474	纵径 Longitudinal diameter	0.981	0.019	8.100
单粒质量 Single berry weight	0.975	0.025	7.955	单粒质量 Single berry weight	0.987	0.013	5.495
横径 Transverse diameter	0.977	0.023	7.366
纵径 Longitudinal diameter	0.989	0.011	3.569

Effects of Different Plant Growth Regulators on Fruit and Raisin Quality of Thompson Seedless Grapes

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处理 Experimental treatment	鲜果综合评价 Comprehensive evaluation of fresh fruits		排名 Ranking	处理 Experimental treatment	葡萄干综合评价 Comprehensive evaluation of raisins	排名 Ranking
T30	0.63046		1	T34	0.76374	1
T35	0.59237		2	T35	0.60628	2
T13	0.58234		3	T16	0.60122	3
T45	0.58077		4	T36	0.58582	4
T23	0.57811		5	T48	0.58183	5
T42	0.57524		6	T45	0.55168	6
T22	0.56787		7	T26	0.54968	7
T1	0.56585		8	T46	0.54228	8
T11	0.56360		9	T24	0.53774	9
T32	0.55482		10	T13	0.52848	10
T18	0.54471		11	T23	0.52813	11
T37	0.53980		12	T29	0.52734	12
T46	0.53773		13	T33	0.52534	13
T29	0.53543		14	T42	0.51516	14
T28	0.53396		15	T14	0.51476	15
T26	0.53183		16	T38	0.50854	16
T39	0.52440		17	T37	0.50831	17
T36	0.52437		18	T27	0.50314	18
T3	0.52085		19	T47	0.48774	19
T44	0.51070		20	T17	0.48512	20
T12	0.50706		21	T32	0.48451	21
T33	0.50273		22	T44	0.48024	22
T16	0.50007		23	T21	0.47782	23
T27	0.49742		24	T39	0.47721	24
T10	0.49724		25	T2	0.47631	25
T38	0.49708		26	T15	0.47338	26
T15	0.47724		27	T41	0.47331	27
T43		0.47504	28	T1	0.46958	28
T2		0.47344	29	T12	0.46678	29
T25		0.46336	30	T3	0.45284	30
T9		0.46030	31	T30	0.44870	31
T24		0.44854	32	T31	0.44500	32
T48		0.44275	33	T22	0.43962	33
T20		0.44135	34	T25	0.43049	34
T17		0.43501	35	T4	0.42830	35
T34		0.43144	36	T18	0.41589	36
T41		0.42700	37	T28	0.40540	37
T47		0.41738	38	T10	0.40077	38
T40		0.41649	39	T19	0.39294	39
T14		0.40659	40	T9	0.39135	40
T19		0.38924	41	T20	0.38624	41
T31		0.38228	42	T43	0.37588	42
CK		0.37035	43	T11	0.37247	43
T8		0.36615	44	T40	0.35880	44
T5		0.35495	45	CK	0.34774	45
T7		0.34140	46	T7	0.34187	46
T21		0.33167	47	T5	0.32411	47
T6		0.26103	48	T6	0.31295	48
T4		0.21646	49	T8	0.29751	49

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