不同施肥模式稻油轮作周年产量及土壤肥力的变化

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.16.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】To explore the potential of optimizing fertilization under rice-rapeseed rotation for increasing crop yield and efficiency in medium and low yield fields, this study analyzed the effects of optimized fertilization on yield, nutrient absorption, and soil fertility in rice-rapeseed rotation, as well as the effectiveness of rice-rapeseed rotation in improving soil fertility. This study aimed to identify fertilization strategies suitable for medium and low yield fields and the potential for improving quality and efficiency in rice-rapeseed rotation, so as to provide the theoretical guidance for reducing obstacles in medium and low yield fields, promoting efficient production in rice-rapeseed rotation, and achieving sustainable development of rice-rapeseed rotation.【Method】The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Science Research Institute in Rugao City, Jiangsu Province from 2017 to 2024, with low yield fields as the research objects. Through small-scale experiments, no fertilization treatment (CK), no nitrogen treatment (PK), no phosphorus treatment (NK), farmer's habitual fertilization treatment (FFP), and optimized fertilization treatment (OPT) were set up. By analyzing the annual yield of crops in both water and drought seasons, the nutrient absorption of aboveground parts during maturity, and soil nutrient content, the yield change rules under different fertilization systems of rice-rapeseed rotation were clarified, and the main influencing factors were explored.【Result】During the seven year rotation period, compared with FFP, the yield and yield composition of rice and rapeseed treated with OPT were more stable with increasing rotation cycles. Compared with FFP, OPT treatment significantly increased the nitrogen and phosphorus partial productivity of rice and rapeseed, with rice showing 51.5%-73.3% and 81.8%-107.9% higher nitrogen and phosphorus partial productivity, respectively; rapeseed was 137.2%-152.3% and 89.8%-101.9% higher, respectively. During the four-year rotation period, the aboveground biomass of rice and rapeseed treated with OPT was higher than that treated with FFP. Comparing the two annual rotation periods at the beginning and end of the comparative experiment, it was found that the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the aboveground parts of rice and rapeseed treated with OPT was higher than that under FFP treatment, and OPT treatment had a better effect on improving soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and available potassium than FFP treatment. After 7 years of rice-rapeseed rotation, the soil fertility index significantly increased (63.8%-117.2%) under all treatments. Compared with FFP treatment, the average membership degree of five soil chemical indicators in the rice season treated with OPT was higher than that under FFP treatment, and its comprehensive fertility index increased by 13.4%-19.2%. In addition, the soil phosphorus activation coefficient during the three-year rotation period was monitored, and it was found that the OPT treatment had a higher soil phosphorus activation coefficient than under FFP treatment. 【Conclusion】Compared with the traditional fertilization practices of farmers, optimizing fertilization could be achieved by optimizing fertilizer management. Based on reducing nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application by 40% and 50% in rice and 60% and 50% in rapeseed, stabilizing their yield composition, maintaining high biomass and nutrient absorption, and achieving stable annual yield in the rice-rapeseed intercropping system; the performance of optimized fertilization treatment in improving fertilizer utilization efficiency and soil fertility was better than that of farmers' habitual treatment. Therefore, optimizing fertilization under long-term fertilizer reduction could coordinate crop nutrient needs and nutrient supply, maintain stable or increased crop yields, and improve fertilizer utilization efficiency. Rice-rapeseed rotation could improve soil fertility in medium and low yield fields, achieve obstacle reduction in medium and low yield fields, and promote sustainable development of rice-rapeseed rotation.

Key words: rice-rapeseed rotation, fertilization modes, yield, nutrient absorption, fertilizer utilization rate, soil fertility

DONG YunQi, HUANG Jian, CHAI YiXiao, YANG ShiChao, WANG Min, MENG XuSheng, GUO ShiWei. Changes in Annual Yield and Soil Fertility of Rice-Rapeseed Rotation Under Different Fertilization Modes[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(16): 3201-3219.

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Figures/Tables 11

Table 1

Rice yield and yield composition under different fertilization system"

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	单位面积穗数 Panicle number per acre (×10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grains per panicle	千粒重 1000-seed weight (g)	实际产量 Grain yield (t·hm^-2)
2017	CK	241.3±0.3c	114.5±2.1c	26.87±0.31a	6.68±0.18c
	PK	243.2±1.8c	115.5±2.1c	26.37±0.41a	6.90±0.22c
	NK	289.5±2.8b	126.8±0.6ab	27.09±0.23a	9.46±0.17b
	FFP	310.8±4.3a	122.5±1.1bc	26.16±0.22a	10.13±0.43a
	OPT	299.8±3.1ab	136.0±2.5a	26.78±0.77a	9.98±0.09ab
2018	CK	222.5±7.3c	111.9±1.9a	26.63±0.40a	6.10±0.29c
	PK	214.1±3.6c	110.3±4.0a	26.87±0.42a	5.94±0.32c
	NK	261.1±6.7b	112.5±2.7a	26.20±0.40a	7.33±0.25b
	FFP	318.3±8.9a	117.2±2.1a	25.43±0.25a	9.06±0.30a
	OPT	305.2±4.5a	116.7±1.4a	25.40±0.87a	8.92±0.12a
2019	CK	188.9±2.2c	102.4±2.8c	28.85±0.22a	5.33±0.16c
	PK	176.7±3.9c	121.7±4.4a	28.69±0.39a	5.90±0.23c
	NK	276.9±5.8b	111.4±1.4bc	28.39±0.49a	8.56±0.22b
	FFP	325.7±3.3a	113.5±1.3ab	27.79±0.25a	10.04±0.16a
	OPT	308.8±6.8a	110.4±1.5bc	27.89±0.99a	9.12±0.20b
2020	CK	155.7±4.0c	95.9±2.1b	27.77±0.26ab	3.97±0.09c
	PK	152.2±1.3c	96.4±5.2b	28.09±0.25a	3.94±0.06c
	NK	259.5±2.7b	116.4±0.6a	27.23±0.20abc	8.03±0.11b
	FFP	297.8±2.8a	112.5±2.8a	26.11±0.55c	8.62±0.06a
	OPT	285.1±2.6a	117.3±1.4a	26.33±0.30bc	8.69±0.10a
2021	CK	165.7±2.5c	117.8±2.7a	29.15±0.33a	5.41±0.11c
	PK	171.5±9.5c	110.6±7.7a	29.39±0.57a	5.04±0.07c
	NK	283.9±8.3b	116.8±5.1a	28.40±1.15ab	8.49±0.12b
	FFP	311.6±16.8a	109.7±4.3a	28.13±0.64ab	8.98±0.09ab
	OPT	311.5±1.0a	111.2±1.5a	27.56±0.25b	9.33±0.11a
2022	CK	186.8±9.3b	105.3±2.0a	25.02±0.54a	4.60±0.19b
	PK	185.3±1.3b	105.5±3.6a	25.36±0.50a	4.75±0.19b
	NK	310.7±2.6a	105.4±4.5a	25.31±0.27a	8.00±0.10a
	FFP	325.6±2.7a	102.7±1.7a	25.43±0.23a	7.97±0.09a
	OPT	316.8±4.1a	102.9±2.2a	25.63±0.51a	8.27±0.10a
2023	CK	176.4±4.0c	114.5±2.4c	28.10±0.48a	5.07±0.10c
	PK	190.4±3.8c	112.9±3.6c	27.29±0.31abc	5.20±0.10c
	NK	274.8±1.7b	117.8±2.0bc	27.41±0.45ab	8.29±0.14b
	FFP	309.6±6.5a	126.6±1.1ab	25.75±0.12c	9.85±0.13a
	OPT	305.6±5.2a	128.5±2.8a	26.47±0.22bc	10.04±0.14a
2024	CK	194.9±6.0b	100.4±0.8b	26.22±0.49a	4.07±0.09b
	PK	204.7±4.3b	102.7±1.6b	26.29±0.50a	4.26±0.17b
	NK	309.4±9.6a	109.1±0.5ab	25.72±0.44a	6.84±0.21a
	FFP	309.9±7.8a	114.3±1.2a	25.45±0.20a	7.06±0.19a
	OPT	311.4±3.7a	113.8±2.5a	25.04±0.31a	7.34±0.16a
年份 Year		^***	^***	^***	^***
施肥 Fertilization		^***	^***	^***	^***
年份×施肥 Year×Fertilization		^***	^***	^***	^***

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Rapeseed yield and yield composition under different fertilization system"

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	每株角数 Horns per plant	每角粒数 Particles per horn	千粒重 1000-seed weight (g)	实际产量 Grain yield (t·hm^-2)
2018	CK	217.1±12.1c	21.4±0.9c	3.33±0.11a	1.41±0.15c
	PK	223.6±14.0c	22.0±0.8bc	3.41±0.02a	1.75±0.15c
	NK	315.4±7.1b	21.9±0.4c	3.47±0.05a	2.68±0.14b
	FFP	385.7±15.6a	23.7±0.6ab	3.51±0.03a	3.20±0.16a
	OPT	386.3±12.2a	24.7±0.5a	3.38±0.13a	3.04±0.32ab
2019	CK	313.3±7.8c	20.5±0.7a	3.40±0.06a	2.50±0.18c
	PK	316.4±13.2c	20.5±0.3a	3.51±0.02a	2.58±0.16c
	NK	531.9±11.2b	20.2±0.3a	2.92±0.11b	3.40±0.12b
	FFP	619.9±10.7a	19.7±0.2a	2.88±0.09b	3.92±0.16a
	OPT	605.7±7.8a	20.0±0.2a	3.40±0.05a	3.72±0.06ab
2020	CK	241.5±7.0c	20.5±1.1a	4.95±0.10a	2.74±0.12c
	PK	243.5±15.4c	21.0±0.8a	5.19±0.05a	2.91±0.15c
	NK	351.3±8.7b	20.5±0.5a	4.98±0.07a	3.61±0.13b
	FFP	408.9±5.9a	20.9±0.9a	4.94±0.13a	4.38±0.15a
	OPT	408.1±6.7a	20.2±0.2a	4.99±0.08a	4.36±0.10a
2021	CK	273.0±9.5c	20.9±0.3a	3.56±0.06b	2.27±0.10c
	PK	293.7±6.9c	20.7±0.2a	3.52±0.06b	2.47±0.08c
	NK	374.9±6.6b	20.6±0.7a	3.84±0.07a	3.27±0.11b
	FFP	423.2±6.6a	21.1±0.5a	3.88±0.10a	3.74±0.08a
	OPT	407.4±9.3a	21.1±0.4a	3.97±0.04a	3.77±0.07a
2022	CK	270.1±8.3c	23.0±0.4a	3.53±0.02ab	2.41±0.67c
	PK	278.5±3.7c	24.2±0.6a	3.63±0.05a	2.72±0.08c
	NK	406.9±7.9b	23.8±0.8a	3.29±0.03b	3.26±0.19b
	FFP	511.5±9.6a	23.2±0.7a	3.59±0.20a	4.54±0.11a
	OPT	503.0±15.4a	23.0±0.2a	3.47±0.10ab	4.55±0.29a
2023	CK	264.8±6.7c	22.1±0.6b	3.70±0.01a	2.36±0.07c
	PK	265.5±4.6c	24.0±0.7a	3.75±0.01a	2.48±0.06c
	NK	407.4±7.3b	23.8±0.6ab	3.51±0.01a	3.71±0.07b
	FFP	505.8±13.1a	22.7±0.2ab	3.69±0.16a	4.57±0.09a
	OPT	495.3±8.6a	22.9±0.5ab	3.53±0.15a	4.47±0.13a
2024	CK	204.9±0.4c	24.6±0.2a	3.91±0.01a	2.44±0.07c
	PK	236.7±5.6c	24.2±0.7ab	3.83±0.01a	2.53±0.05c
	NK	348.8±7.8b	24.1±0.5ab	3.97±0.01a	3.76±0.08b
	FFP	498.7±3.3a	22.5±0.6b	3.72±0.12a	4.71±0.06a
	OPT	484.8±20.4a	23.1±0.2ab	3.89±0.05a	4.72±0.07a
年份 Year		^***	^***	^***	^***
施肥 Fertilization		^***	ns	^***	^***
年份×施肥 Year×Fertilization		^***	^***	^***	^***

Table 2

Fig. 2

Table 3

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Table 4

Fig. 6

Table 5

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	水稻Rice		油菜Rapeseed
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	氮肥偏生产力 PFP_N (kg·kg^-1)	磷肥偏生产力 PFP_P (kg·kg^-1)	氮肥偏生产力 PFP_N (kg·kg^-1)	磷肥偏生产力 PFP_P (kg·kg^-1)
2017	FFP	33.8±1.4b	84.4±3.6b	/	/
2017	OPT	55.2±0.5a	166.4±1.5a	/	/
2018	FFP	30.2±1.0b	75.5±2.5b	10.7±0.5b	26.7±1.4b
2018	OPT	49.6±0.7a	148.7±2.0a	25.3±2.6a	50.7±5.3a
2019	FFP	33.5±0.5b	83.6±1.3b	13.1±0.5b	32.7±1.3b
2019	OPT	50.7±1.1a	152.1±3.1a	31.0±0.5a	62.1±1.0a
2020	FFP	28.7±0.2b	71.8±0.5b	14.6±0.5b	36.5±1.3b
2020	OPT	48.3±0.5a	144.9±1.6a	36.3±0.8a	72.7±1.6a
2021	FFP	29.9±0.3b	74.8±0.7b	12.5±0.3b	31.1±0.7b
2021	OPT	51.8±0.6a	155.4±1.8a	31.4±0.6a	62.9±1.2a
2022	FFP	26.6±0.3b	66.4±0.8b	15.1±0.4b	37.8±0.9b
2022	OPT	45.4±1.3a	137.9±1.6a	37.9±2.4a	75.8±4.8a
2023	FFP	32.8±0.4b	82.1±1.0b	15.2±0.3b	38.1±0.8b
2023	OPT	55.8±0.8a	167.3±2.4a	37.2±1.1a	74.4±2.2a
2024	FFP	23.5±0.6b	58.8±1.6b	15.7±0.2b	39.2±0.5b
2024	OPT	40.8±0.8a	122.3±2.4a	39.4±0.6a	78.7±1.2a
年份 Year		^***	^***	^***	^***
施肥 Fertilization		^***	^***	^***	^***
年份×施肥 Year×Fertilization		^***	^***	^***	^***

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg^-1)	pH
2024	CK	15.50±1.95a	1.07±0.06a	20.35±3.09a	76.33±2.31a	7.40±0.09a
2018	PK	12.29±0.46b	0.91±0.03b	26.33±3.49a	66.01±4.58b	7.23±0.23a
2024	PK	17.26±1.15a	1.13±0.06a	26.93±0.92a	90.02±7.81a	7.37±0.13a
2018	NK	12.23±0.49b	0.93±0.11b	22.25±2.88a	63.67±4.17b	7.24±0.33a
2024	NK	19.22±0.97a	1.24±0.10a	21.41±1.12a	85.01±7.94a	7.17±0.12a
2018	FFP	12.74±0.46b	0.97±0.03b	29.44±4.12a	60.67±10.21b	7.35±0.17a
2024	FFP	18.73±1.57a	1.24±0.03a	28.27±0.93a	90.33±7.09a	6.89±0.04a
2018	OPT	13.81±1.45b	0.98±0.01b	28.59±2.61a	77.67±7.57b	7.34±0.21a
2024	OPT	19.59±1.84a	1.32±0.07a	28.68±0.43a	98.33±3.51a	7.40±0.02a

年份 Year	作物 Crop	处理 Treatment	全磷 TP (g·kg^-1)	有效磷 AP (mg·kg^-1)	磷活化系数 PAC (%)
2017	水稻 Rice	CK	0.88±0.06b	22.39±3.02a	2.54±0.30a
		PK	0.96±0.02ab	26.33±3.49a	2.73±0.32a
		NK	0.81±0.06b	22.25±2.88a	2.73±0.18a
		FFP	1.06±0.08a	29.43±4.12a	2.77±0.22a
		OPT	0.97±0.02ab	28.59±2.61a	2.94±0.24a
2018	油菜Rapeseed	CK	0.58±0.02b	14.77±1.53b	2.53±0.31a
		PK	0.86±0.04a	24.19±0.87ab	2.81±0.16a
		NK	0.69±0.02b	20.37±2.19ab	2.97±0.26a
		FFP	0.99±0.05a	30.78±2.20a	3.11±0.09a
		OPT	0.91±0.06a	29.21±1.55a	3.23±0.24a
2018	水稻 Rice	CK	1.01±0.04a	22.77±2.85b	2.28±0.22a
		PK	1.02±0.07a	29.84±1.37ab	2.94±0.35a
		NK	1.01±0.08a	22.79±3.81b	2.25±0.24a
		FFP	1.07±0.09a	32.25±3.32ab	3.01±0.19a
		OPT	0.98±0.03a	33.92±1.90a	3.46±0.30a
2019	油菜Rapeseed	CK	0.92±0.05a	18.15±1.87a	1.99±0.18a
		PK	0.91±0.04a	27.016±3.37a	2.95±0.15a
		NK	0.88±0.07a	21.28±0.64a	2.42±0.25a
		FFP	1.01±0.03a	28.05±1.86a	2.79±0.25a
		OPT	0.95±0.07a	28.78±1.45a	3.04±0.38a
2019	水稻 Rice	CK	0.91±0.04a	24.41±4.50a	2.69±0.53a
		PK	0.96±0.02a	28.42±2.87a	2.95±0.34a
		NK	0.97±0.03a	24.92±4.04a	2.56±0.34a
		FFP	1.01±0.01a	32.54±6.54a	3.21±0.63a
		OPT	0.97±0.02a	33.36±8.09a	3.42±0.79a
2020	油菜Rapeseed	CK	0.86±0.02a	24.81±2.14a	3.02±1.02a
		PK	0.91±0.02a	31.23±0.58a	3.43±0.04a
		NK	0.85±0.04a	30.12±1.10a	3.57±0.39a
		FFP	0.93±0.03a	34.52±3.99a	3.71±0.55a
		OPT	0.92±0.03a	35.43±4.40a	3.85±0.48a
年份 Year			^***	^***	^***
施肥 Fertilization			^***	^***	^***
年份×施肥 Year×Fertilization			^***	^ns	^ns

Changes in Annual Yield and Soil Fertility of Rice-Rapeseed Rotation Under Different Fertilization Modes

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