氮形态对小白菜根系生长、根区pH及细胞壁组分的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.11.013

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Nitrogen (N) is a critical factor in regulating the growth of vegetable crops. The purpose of this study was to explore how different N forms affect root growth and cell wall components in pakchoi, and to identify the relationship between root zone pH changes and PM H⁺-ATPase, so as to provide a theoretical basis for further research on nitrogen regulation of plant root growth and development.【Method】Pakchoi (Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis L.) was used as the test material. Three N forms, including nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N), ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), and glycine nitrogen (Gly-N), were utilized in a hydroponic nutrient solution experiment. The intrinsic mechanisms by which inorganic and organic nitrogen regulate the pH in the root zone and the cell wall components on the root growth of pakchoi were explored, and the effects of nitrogen nutrition on root auxin (IAA) and plasma membrane (PM) H⁺-ATPase were investigated. The root scanning and physiological experiments were used to determine the root morphology indicators, including total root length, volume, surface area, and tip number; along with physiological indicators including medium pH, PM H⁺- ATPase activity, IAA content, the main components content of cell wall, pectin methylesterase (PME) and vasodilator (EXP) content, and finally the correlation between root morphology and various physiological indicators were analyzed.【Result】Both Gly-N and NO₃^--N treatments increased the medium pH, and even Gly-N showed a greater capacity for alkalization than the NO₃^--N treatment, while NH₄⁺-N acidified the medium pH. Compared with NO₃^--N treatment, Gly-N treatment significantly decreased the dry matter content in shoots and roots, primary root length, total root length, surface area, tip number, root forks, number of internal, and external links of pakchoi by 40.23%, 21.74%, 55.15%, 58.63%, 53.12%, 73.07%, 65.39%, 40.91%, and 73.94%, respectively, and increased the root cell wall extraction rate, pectin, cellulose, EXP content, PM H⁺-ATPase activity, root/shoot ratio, topological index, and fractal dimension by 22.00%, 47.74%, 25.30%, 109.53%, 15.42%, 30.33%, 11.43%, and 4.32%, respectively. Compared with NO₃^--N treatment, NH₄⁺-N treatment significantly reduced the plant’s shoot dry matter content, primary root length, root forks, number of internal and external links, root PME activity, and IAA content by 22.98%, 34.30%, 35.32%, 26.22%, 29.02%, 36.38%, and 8.74%, respectively, while enhancing root PM H⁺-ATPase activity, cell wall extraction rate, pectin, and hemicellulose content by 14.60%, 19.38%, 22.98%, and 74.33%, respectively. The correlation analysis between root morphology indicators and physiological indicators revealed that total root surface area was highly significantly positively correlated with total root length, the total number of root tips and root forks (P<0.01), and also positively with primary root length, and negatively correlated with root diameter, expansin, and topological index (P<0.01), as well as with pectin, cellulose, and fractal dimension (P<0.05). The root diameter showed a strongly significant positive correlation with expansin, cellulose, fractal dimension, and topological index (P<0.01), while significantly positively correlated with pectin (P<0.05).【Conclusion】Both Gly-N and NH₄⁺-N treatments enhanced cell wall content of the root system, thereby inhibited the elongation and growth of pakchoi roots. Among them, Gly-N facilitated the accumulation of pectin and cellulose, and NH₄⁺-N promoted the accumulation of hemicellulose.

Key words: pakchoi, nitrogen form, pH, root growth, cell wall

HAN RuiFeng, GUO YuQin, WANG YuZhuo, CHENG YongSan, HOU LeiPing, ZHANG Yi. Effect of Nitrogen Form on Root Growth, pH in Root Zones and Cell Wall Components of Pakchoi[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(11): 2215-2226.

Figures/Tables 8

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处理 Treatment	主根长 Primordial root length (cm)	总根长 Total root length (cm)	总根系表面积 Total root surface area (cm²)	平均根系直径 Average root diameter (mm)	总根系体积 Total root volume (cm³)	根系活力 Root activity (μg∙g^-1∙h^-1 FW)
N	26.53±3.24a	320.50±3.17a	21.65±0.26a	0.23±0.00b	0.26±0.02a	335.25±21.18a
A	17.43±0.49b	315.74±10.88a	21.08±0.73a	0.21±0.01b	0.16±0.02b	194.34±10.91b
G	11.90±0.38c	132.60±12.66b	10.15±0.91b	0.31±0.00a	0.15±0.01b	143.33±13.23b

处理 Treatment	根尖数 Root tip number	根分叉数 Root fork number	内部链接数 Altitude	外部链接数 Magtitude	拓扑指数 Topological index	分形维数 Fractal dimension
N	1267.67±137.12a	3502.33±160.68a	95.33±4.26a	698.33±54.72a	0.70±0.00b	1.39±0.01b
A	966.33±132.17a	2265.33±266.83b	70.33±3.71b	495.67±48.07b	0.69±0.01b	1.36±0.02b
G	341.33±45.41b	1212.00±111.54c	56.33±2.96c	182.00±16.92c	0.78±0.01a	1.45±0.00a

处理 Treatment	细胞壁含量 Cell wall content (mg∙g^-1 FW)	果胶含量 Pectin content (μg∙mg^-1DW)	半纤维素含量 Hemicellulose content (μg∙mg^-1DW)	纤维素含量 Cellulose content (μg∙mg^-1 DW)	细胞壁提取率 Cell wall extraction rate
N	30.47±0.12b	22.54±0.21c	14.88±0.85b	209.89±14.75b	6.09±0.02b
A	36.33±1.92a	27.72±0.95b	25.94±2.02a	191.41±16.34b	7.27±0.38a
G	37.17±1.15a	33.30±2.18a	19.24±0.61b	262.99±6.75a	7.43±0.23a

Effect of Nitrogen Form on Root Growth, pH in Root Zones and Cell Wall Components of Pakchoi

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