土壤施用钝化剂与复合微生物肥对冬小麦镉积累的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.01.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The passivation effect of passivator and compound microbial fertilizer on cadmium (Cd) activity in slightly Cd-polluted weak alkaline farmland soil in northern Henan Province was studied, and their effects on Cd accumulation and translocation in different organs and yield of winter wheat were investigated too. The purpose of this study was to explore soil remediation materials for efficient remediation of Cd-contaminated soil, to reduce Cd content in winter wheat grains, and to screen wheat varieties with low Cd accumulation, so as to provide the technical support for the safe and efficient production of wheat in lightly polluted weak alkaline farmland in northern Henan Province. 【Method】In two consecutive winter wheat growing seasons of 2020-2022, two-factor split field comparison experiments of four different soil remediation materials (CK, no soil remediation treatment; CMF, single application of compound microbial fertilizer; GP, single application of soil passivator; CMF+GP, combination of compound microbial fertilizer and soil passivator) and six winter wheat varieties (Xinhuamai818, Luomai 163, Zhengmai 9023, Xinmai 296, Zhengmai 136, and Zhengmai 7698) in northern Henan Province were set up and used in the weakly Cd-polluted alkaline farmland. The changes of available Cd in soil, Cd contents in aboveground organs of wheat plants, enrichment coefficient (BCF), transport coefficient (TF), their correlations, and winter wheat yields and its components were analyzed. 【Result】(1) In two winter wheat growing seasons (2020-2021 and 2021-2022), compared with CK, single application and equal combination application of passivation agent and compound microbial fertilizer could remarkably reduce the content of available Cd in soil. CMF+GP treatment had the best effect, which significantly and effectively reduced the available Cd content by 17.6%-22.4% in the surface soil of the roots among the six varieties. The decreased available Cd in soil was related to the changes of Cd content in the aboveground organs of winter wheat plants, and there were also some differences between the same organs of different varieties. (2) Single application of soil passivator and compound microbial fertilizer, as well as equal combined application of soil passivator and compound microbial fertilizer, could make Xinhuamai 818, Luomai 163 and Zhengmai 9023 decrease TF_{Stem sheath-leaf}, TF_{Stem sheath-grain}, increase TF_{Stem sheath-(Spike shaft+chaff)}, TF_{Leaf-(Spike shaft+chaff)}, reduce BCF_{Stem sheath} and BCF_Leaf, and make wheat body in order to reduce BCF _Grain, the content of Cd in it shifted to panicle axis + glume. In contrast, they did not reduce TF_{Stem sheath-Leaf} and BCF_{Stem sheath} of Xinmai 296, whereas increased BCF _{Stem sheath} of Zhengmai 136 and Zhengmai 7698. (3) Application of passivating agents and compound microbial fertilizers in soil could comprehensively regulate the number of ears, grains per ear and 1000-kernel weight of winter wheat plants, and improve the grain yields of winter wheat. However, variance analysis on soil remediation treatment and varieties showed that the increased grain yields in their interactions was mainly due to the increased ear numbers. Under CMF+GP treatment, the grain yield of Zhengmai 136 variety was the highest among all treatments, which was 7 317.17 kg·hm^-2 and 10 485.32 kg·hm^-2 in two consecutive 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 winter wheat growing seasons, respectively. 【Conclusion】The application of compound microbial fertilizer and soil passivator could effectively reduce the available Cd content in the rhizosphere soil with weak alkaline and mild Cd pollution in northern Henan Province, and regulate the enrichment coefficient and transport coefficient of soil Cd in various organs of winter wheat plants. The combination treatment of compound microbial fertilizer and soil passivator with the same applied amounts was better than single treatment, which could also reduce the Cd content of winter wheat grains to the maximum extent, and significantly improve the yield of winter wheat varieties. In addition, the combination of planting modes combined with the low Cd accumulation and high yield variety Zhengmai 136 screened out, could achieve the high grain yields and safe production of winter wheat in the farmland with weak alkaline Cd pollution in northern Henan Province.

Key words: winter wheat, soil Cd contamination, soil cadmium passivator, compound microbial fertilizer, Cd enrichment coefficient, Cd transport coefficient, calcareous fluvo-aquic soil

WANG Yu, SONG YiFan, ZHANG Rong, MU HaiMeng, SUN LiFang, FU KaiXia, WU ZiJun, HUANG QingQing, XU YingMing, LI GeZi, WANG YongHua, GUO TianCai. Effects of Soil Application of Passivating Agent and Compound Microbial Fertilizer on Cadmium Accumulation in Winter Wheat[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(1): 126-141.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Effects of adding soil amendment and compound microbial fertilizer on Cd content in aboveground vegetative organs of different winter wheat varieties during maturity (mg·kg-1)"

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	2020—2021	2021—2022
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	籽粒 Grain	茎鞘 Stem sheath	叶片 Leaf	穗轴+颖壳 Spike shaft+chaff	籽粒 Grain
鑫华麦818 Xinhuamai818	CK	0.087±0.001a	0.150±0.005a	0.737±0.041a	0.135±0.013c	0.083±0.005a
	CMF	0.075±0.002b	0.142±0.003b	0.650±0.045b	0.152±0.003b	0.072±0.005b
	GP	0.066±0.004c	0.135±0.005b	0.610±0.041bc	0.147±0.006bc	0.062±0.004c
	CMF+GP	0.062±0.003c	0.137±0.003b	0.543±0.041c	0.185±0.005a	0.059±0.003c
漯麦163 Luomai163	CK	0.076±0.002a	0.178±0.003a	0.578±0.035a	0.158±0.006c	0.072±0.004a
	CMF	0.073±0.002b	0.165±0.000b	0.533±0.035ab	0.173±0.006b	0.064±0.004b
	GP	0.067±0.002c	0.163±0.003b	0.477±0.033bc	0.188±0.008a	0.053±0.003c
	CMF+GP	0.060±0.002d	0.155±0.005c	0.448±0.031c	0.195±0.005a	0.049±0.003c
郑麦9023 Zhengmai9023	CK	0.065±0.003a	0.185±0.005a	0.563±0.039a	0.152±0.008b	0.061±0.004a
	CMF	0.061±0.004ab	0.172±0.008b	0.532±0.042ab	0.163±0.003b	0.056±0.002ab
	GP	0.059±0.003b	0.168±0.003b	0.515±0.037ab	0.157±0.003b	0.053±0.003bc
	CMF+GP	0.051±0.002c	0.165±0.000b	0.482±0.032b	0.215±0.010a	0.049±0.003c
鑫麦296 Xinmai296	CK	0.051±0.003a	0.163±0.003a	0.500±0.038a	0.123±0.012b	0.045±0.002a
	CMF	0.051±0.005a	0.162±0.003a	0.488±0.030a	0.153±0.013a	0.044±0.002ab
	GP	0.050±0.002a	0.160±0.005a	0.497±0.032a	0.145±0.009a	0.041±0.002bc
	CMF+GP	0.050±0.004a	0.160±0.005a	0.475±0.035a	0.152±0.008a	0.038±0.002c
郑麦136 Zhengmai136	CK	0.054±0.002a	0.138±0.006c	0.512±0.035a	0.137±0.003c	0.048±0.003a
	CMF	0.051±0.003ab	0.163±0.003b	0.460±0.028a	0.152±0.010b	0.044±0.004a
	GP	0.048±0.004b	0.162±0.003b	0.393±0.021b	0.162±0.006b	0.037±0.003b
	CMF+GP	0.035±0.004c	0.190±0.005a	0.347±0.027b	0.178±0.008a	0.033±0.003b
郑麦7698 Zhengmai7698	CK	0.067±0.003a	0.147±0.003c	0.577±0.037a	0.128±0.008b	0.064±0.004a
	CMF	0.061±0.004b	0.155±0.005b	0.557±0.039ab	0.135±0.005b	0.059±0.003ab
	GP	0.060±0.002b	0.138±0.003d	0.505±0.022bc	0.137±0.008b	0.053±0.003bc
	CMF+GP	0.053±0.002c	0.162±0.003a	0.477±0.029c	0.162±0.003a	0.049±0.004c

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Effects of adding soil amendment and compound microbial fertilizer on Cd transport coefficients of winter wheat organs in 2021-2022 growth season"

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	TF_茎鞘—叶 TF _{Stem sheath—Leaf}	TF_{茎鞘—(穗轴+颖壳)} TF _{Stem sheath—(Spike shaft +chaff)}	TF_{茎鞘—籽粒} TF _{Stem sheath—Grain}	TF_{叶—(穗轴+颖壳)} TF _{Leaf—(Spike shaft +chaff)}	TF_叶—籽粒 TF _Leaf—Grain
鑫华麦818 Xinhuamai818	CK	4.92±0.44a	0.90±0.12c	0.55±0.04a	0.18±0.01c	0.11±0.01a
	CMF	4.59±0.22ab	1.07±0.04b	0.51±0.03ab	0.23±0.02b	0.11±0.00a
	GP	4.53±0.47ab	1.09±0.06b	0.46±0.02bc	0.24±0.02b	0.10±0.01a
	CMF+GP	3.97±0.22b	1.35±0.02a	0.43±0.03c	0.34±0.02a	0.11±0.01a
漯麦163 Luomai163	CK	3.24±0.24a	0.89±0.03d	0.40±0.01a	0.27±0.02b	0.12±0.01a
	CMF	3.23±0.21a	1.05±0.03c	0.39±0.03a	0.33±0.03b	0.12±0.02a
	GP	2.92±0.17a	1.15±0.05b	0.32±0.02b	0.40±0.04a	0.11±0.01a
	CMF+GP	2.90±0.27a	1.26±0.06a	0.32±0.01b	0.44±0.04a	0.11±0.01a
郑麦9023 Zhengmai9023	CK	3.04±0.15a	0.82±0.02c	0.33±0.03a	0.27±0.01b	0.11±0.01a
	CMF	3.10±0.29a	0.95±0.06b	0.33±0.02a	0.31±0.02b	0.11±0.01a
	GP	3.06±0.24a	0.93±0.03b	0.32±0.02a	0.31±0.02b	0.10±0.00a
	CMF+GP	2.92±0.19a	1.30±0.06a	0.30±0.02a	0.45±0.05a	0.10±0.00a
鑫麦296 Xinmai296	CK	3.06±0.18a	0.76±0.08b	0.28±0.01a	0.25±0.04b	0.09±0.00a
	CMF	3.02±0.19a	0.95±0.08a	0.27±0.02a	0.32±0.05a	0.09±0.01a
	GP	3.11±0.21a	0.91±0.08a	0.26±0.02ab	0.29±0.02ab	0.08±0.00a
	CMF+GP	2.97±0.19a	0.95±0.05a	0.24±0.02b	0.32±0.01a	0.08±0.01a
郑麦136 Zhengmai136	CK	3.70±0.26a	0.99±0.04a	0.35±0.01a	0.27±0.02d	0.09±0.01a
	CMF	2.82±0.20b	0.93±0.05a	0.27±0.03b	0.33±0.04c	0.10±0.01a
	GP	2.43±0.09b	1.00±0.05a	0.23±0.02c	0.41±0.04b	0.09±0.01a
	CMF+GP	1.83±0.19c	0.94±0.06a	0.17±0.01d	0.51±0.02a	0.10±0.01a
郑麦7698 Zhengmai7698	CK	3.93±0.21a	0.88±0.07b	0.44±0.02a	0.22±0.03c	0.11±0.00a
	CMF	3.59±0.25a	0.87±0.06b	0.38±0.03b	0.24±0.02bc	0.11±0.01a
	GP	3.65±0.13a	0.99±0.04a	0.38±0.02b	0.27±0.02b	0.10±0.00a
	CMF+GP	2.95±0.11b	1.00±0.05a	0.30±0.03c	0.34±0.03a	0.10±0.01a

Table 4

Table 5

Cd enrichment coefficients of different winter wheat organs treated with adding soil amendment and compound microbial fertilizer"

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	2020—2021	2021—2022
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	BCF_Grain	BCF _{Stem sheath}	BCF _Leaf	BCF _{Spike shaft+chaff}	BCF _Grain
鑫华麦818 Xinhuamai818	CK	0.20±0.02a	0.35±0.01a	1.73±0.09a	0.32±0.03c	0.19±0.01a
	CMF	0.17±0.01b	0.33±0.01ab	1.54±0.13b	0.36±0.01b	0.17±0.01b
	GP	0.15±0.01c	0.32±0.01b	1.45±0.10bc	0.35±0.01bc	0.15±0.01c
	CMF+GP	0.14±0.00c	0.32±0.00b	1.29±0.08c	0.44±0.01a	0.14±0.01c
漯麦163 Luomai163	CK	0.17±0.01a	0.42±0.01a	1.36±0.09a	0.37±0.02c	0.17±0.01a
	CMF	0.15±0.01a	0.39±0.01b	1.26±0.10ab	0.41±0.01b	0.15±0.01b
	GP	0.13±0.02b	0.39±0.01b	1.14±0.08bc	0.45±0.02a	0.13±0.01c
	CMF+GP	0.12±0.01b	0.37±0.01c	1.06±0.07c	0.46±0.02a	0.12±0.01c
郑麦9023 Zhengmai9023	CK	0.14±0.01a	0.43±0.01a	1.32±0.10a	0.36±0.02c	0.14±0.01a
	CMF	0.13±0.00ab	0.41±0.02b	1.26±0.12a	0.39±0.01b	0.13±0.00ab
	GP	0.13±0.01bc	0.40±0.01b	1.23±0.09a	0.37±0.01bc	0.13±0.01bc
	CMF+GP	0.12±0.01c	0.39±0.00b	1.14±0.07a	0.51±0.02a	0.12±0.01c
鑫麦296 Xinmai296	CK	0.10±0.00a	0.38±0.01a	1.17±0.09a	0.29±0.03b	0.11±0.01a
	CMF	0.10±0.00a	0.38±0.01a	1.15±0.06a	0.36±0.03a	0.10±0.01a
	GP	0.10±0.00ab	0.38±0.01a	1.18±0.08a	0.35±0.02a	0.10±0.00ab
	CMF+GP	0.09±0.01b	0.38±0.01a	1.13±0.08a	0.36±0.02a	0.09±0.00b
郑麦136 Zhengmai136	CK	0.11±0.01a	0.32±0.01c	1.20±0.08a	0.32±0.01c	0.11±0.00a
	CMF	0.10±0.00a	0.39±0.01b	1.09±0.07a	0.36±0.03b	0.10±0.01a
	GP	0.09±0.01b	0.38±0.01b	0.94±0.05b	0.38±0.01b	0.09±0.01b
	CMF+GP	0.08±0.01b	0.45±0.01a	0.82±0.07b	0.42±0.02a	0.08±0.01b
郑麦7698 Zhengmai7698	CK	0.15±0.00a	0.34±0.01b	1.35±0.09a	0.30±0.02b	0.15±0.01a
	CMF	0.14±0.00a	0.37±0.02a	1.32±0.10a	0.32±0.01b	0.14±0.01ab
	GP	0.13±0.01b	0.33±0.01b	1.20±0.05ab	0.33±0.02b	0.13±0.01bc
	CMF+GP	0.12±0.01b	0.38±0.01a	1.13±0.07b	0.38±0.01a	0.12±0.01c

Table 5

Table 6

Effects of adding soil amendment and compound microbial fertilizer on yield and its components of different winter wheat varieties"

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	2020—2021				2021—2022
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	穗数 Panicle number (×10⁴·hm^-²)	每穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	千粒重 Thousand seed weight (g)	产量 Production (kg·hm^-²)	穗数 Panicle number (×10⁴·hm^-²)	每穗粒数 Grain number per panicle	千粒重 Thousand seed weight (g)	产量 Production (kg·hm^-²)
鑫华麦818 Xinhuamai 818	CK	508.79±21.14bc	36.10±0.72b	53.93±1.12b	5298.94±416.65b	503.03±14.71b	37.07±2.28b	54.95±1.46b	8572.60±113.65b
	CMF	537.48±11.69ab	37.30±1.10ab	55.00±1.47ab	6128.37±395.29ab	576.68±9.11a	37.07±1.86b	54.41±0.56b	9163.55±241.74ab
	GP	490.99±19.86c	37.77±1.27ab	56.91±1.17a	6107.65±423.72ab	499.32±29.72b	38.00±2.52ab	56.72±0.43a	9064.40±580.94ab
	CMF+GP	559.71±10.95a	38.07±0.69a	54.80±0.49ab	6738.40±721.59a	606.78±29.98a	41.83±1.46a	54.38±0.70b	9478.14±347.51a
漯麦163 Luomai163	CK	522.14±18.38b	38.07±0.87b	52.73±3.59a	5602.66±316.37b	551.20±22.46b	36.40±0.87b	52.33±0.37b	8794.56±71.71b
	CMF	542.86±21.74ab	39.50±0.80ab	52.31±1.73a	6333.21±491.21ab	563.34±19.05b	36.37±1.07b	54.05±0.85a	8980.99±166.44ab
	GP	550.66±13.74ab	38.90±1.48b	54.36±1.13a	6210.24±133.93ab	532.34±6.54b	39.33±1.11a	53.66±0.61a	9072.99±339.61ab
	CMF+GP	566.37±8.34a	41.60±1.65a	54.23±2.52a	6492.01±442.85a	605.86±14.84a	38.50±1.82ab	53.37±0.69ab	9207.71±122.17a
郑麦9023 Zhengmai 9023	CK	597.52±7.66a	31.90±1.61c	47.54±1.94a	5950.55±186.73b	597.98±10.74a	33.10±2.20b	46.66±0.81ab	7888.57±216.49c
	CMF	529.89±9.14c	33.57±1.34bc	47.13±0.96a	6026.10±269.08b	547.81±8.06b	32.93±2.39b	47.63±0.41a	8022.13±299.07b
	GP	556.59±18.37b	36.43±0.58ab	48.16±0.99a	5966.17±132.58b	533.64±5.49b	38.73±1.06a	46.44±0.53ab	8290.62±102.71ab
	CMF+GP	600.30±12.83a	38.87±2.95a	47.17±1.30a	6585.64±254.25a	593.98±34.93a	41.10±0.69a	46.32±0.73b	8593.06±69.49a
鑫麦296 Xinmai296	CK	503.97±22.74a	38.10±0.79c	46.45±1.35a	5874.47±222.72b	497.06±24.94b	39.83±2.51b	50.35±0.63b	8561.69±43.85b
	CMF	529.14±20.54a	40.30±1.08b	50.25±0.77a	6201.75±163.25ab	549.80±16.50a	41.07±2.08ab	53.18±0.99a	8981.82±396.62ab
	GP	509.43±23.68a	42.40±1.25a	47.16±0.55a	6140.01±362.76ab	514.20±24.73ab	43.60±2.03ab	51.86±0.13a	8721.47±270.45ab
	CMF+GP	547.50±24.19a	43.13±0.83a	46.46±3.57a	6482.81±175.82a	540.97±13.82a	44.20±1.59a	50.07±1.02b	9098.81±211.36a
郑麦136 Zhengmai 136	CK	551.20±6.29b	38.13±1.72b	50.25±0.19b	5892.27±228.42b	556.43±13.93b	41.47±0.75bc	51.43±1.42b	8519.87±500.45c
	CMF	575.25±18.64ab	41.57±1.40a	55.37±1.12a	6302.90±532.89b	614.20±12.42a	40.83±0.50c	53.76±0.30a	9335.06±428.40b
	GP	548.42±16.73b	42.10±0.87a	54.64±0.78a	6027.40±383.89b	558.54±22.94b	42.77±1.23ab	52.28±0.75ab	9636.43±178.42b
	CMF+GP	594.73±16.55a	43.53±2.40a	53.70±1.63a	7301.17±101.58a	593.41±23.62ab	43.47±0.93a	52.02±0.27b	10485.32±499.39a
郑麦7698 Zhengmai 7698	CK	509.51±30.88a	39.27±0.78b	51.86±0.26a	6230.89±138.96b	492.22±25.07c	42.17±2.84a	53.78±0.41ab	9256.76±176.07b
	CMF	513.22±35.24a	40.77±0.15ab	53.39±0.68a	6614.36±262.32ab	571.58±11.28ab	41.47±0.38a	54.87±0.70a	9653.13±298.49ab
	GP	506.73±24.22a	41.80±1.91a	51.94±0.27a	6535.67±356.49ab	517.16±39.68bc	42.97±0.51a	52.56±0.69b	9497.88±503.81ab
	CMF+GP	522.48±15.87a	42.30±0.46a	52.74±1.67a	6793.83±304.45a	582.14±42.21a	42.80±3.86a	53.69±1.65ab	9920.84±137.63a
品种 Variety		**	**	**	*	**	**	**	**
土壤修复材料 Soil remediation materials		**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
品种×土壤修复材料 Variety×Soil remediation materials		**	NS	NS	*	**	NS	NS	*

Table 6

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	pH	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkaline N (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)
2020—2021	CK	8.31	19.08	1.23	86.86	211.63	9.49
	CMF	8.33	18.92	1.19	85.90	208.87	9.37
	GP	8.35	18.90	1.22	85.56	211.40	9.28
	CMF+GP	8.33	19.06	1.17	88.14	209.15	9.45
2021—2022	CK	8.43	15.00	0.92	74.34	182.28	7.24
	CMF	8.40	15.71	0.94	75.17	201.25	7.35
	GP	8.26	18.71	1.09	77.70	229.54	8.65
	CMF+GP	8.35	19.36	0.97	74.24	233.13	8.64

品种 Variety	2020—2021	2021—2022
品种 Variety	籽粒 Grain	茎鞘 Stem sheath	叶片 Leaf	穗轴+颖壳 Spike shaft+chaff	籽粒 Grain
鑫华麦818 Xinhuamai818	0.759**	0.594*	0.858**	-0.725**	0.824**
漯麦163 Luomai163	0.750**	0.751**	0.734**	-0.878**	0.720**
郑麦9023 Zhengmai9023	0.719**	0.761**	0.713**	-0.620*	0.739**
鑫麦296 Xinmai296	0.106	-0.041	0.016	-0.451	0.594*
郑麦136 Zhengmai136	0.810**	-0.795**	0.716**	-0.822**	0.757**
郑麦7698 Zhengmai7698	0.637*	-0.272	0.817**	-0.729**	0.710**

Effects of Soil Application of Passivating Agent and Compound Microbial Fertilizer on Cadmium Accumulation in Winter Wheat

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