典型区域秸秆和有机肥混土填埋后的腐解特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.06.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Straw and manure are the main sources of organic materials in China, and rotary tillage is the main way of returning farmland. In this study, the characteristics and driving factors of their decomposition process in typical farmland soils in China were investigated to provide a scientific basis for better utilization of straw resources and rational application of manure. 【Method】 The landfill experiment of field organic material mixed with soil was carried out on a typical black soil, fluvo-aquic soil, and red soil in China. Four treatments were set up: wheat straw plus soil (WS+Soil), maize straw plus soil (MS+Soil), pig manure plus soil (PM+Soil), and cow manure plus soil (CM+Soil). All the organic materials (8 g carbon) were mixed with 200 g of soil in a nylon mesh bag buried in soil, six samples were taken within one year after landfilling, once from 2 to 2.5 years after landfilling, and once in 3 years, then a total of eight samples were taken. The decomposition differences of organic materials in different mixtures were analyzed. The double exponential equation was used to clarify the proportion and decomposition rate of easy-to-decompose carbon pool and refractory organic carbon pool, and to clarify the fast decomposition rate, slow decomposition rate and accumulated temperature turning point of organic materials in each soil. The random forest model was used to quantify the relative contribution of material composition and environmental factors to the decomposition rate. 【Result】 The humification coefficient of straw pluil was ranged from 22% to 43%, and that of manure plus soil was ranged from 45% to 58%. The decomposition rate of manure plus soil was slower than straw plus soil, and there was little difference between regions. Besides, the decomposition of organic materials was accelerated from north to south, and the decomposition of straw was faster than that of organic fertilizers. The proportion of decomposable organic carbon poor of straw (70%-87%) was higher than that of organic fertilizer (57%-83%), and the decomposition rate of straw decomposable carbon pool k₁ (1.0%·a^-1-4.9%·a^-1) was higher than that of organic fertilizer k₁( 0.7%·a^-1-1.1%·a^-1). There was little difference in the turning point of accumulated temperature of straw in the three types of soil. Before 3 700℃, it was the stage of rapid decomposition, and then it was the stage of slow decomposition. On the other hand, the difference in accumulated temperature at the turning point of rapid decomposition and slow decomposition of organic fertilizer gradually increased from north to south, and the accumulated temperature at the turning point of organic fertilizer was 2-5 times higher that of straw. Soil accumulated temperature and soil organic carbon content were the main driving factors of mixed soil straw and organic fertilizer, contributing about 17% and 13% of the decomposition rate, respectively. In addition, the main driving factor for mixed soil straw was the ratio of soil carbon to nitrogen, but the main driving factor for mixed soil organic fertilizer was the time. 【Conclusion】 Straw returning to the field decomposed faster than organic fertilizer, and the high proportion of easily decomposable organic carbon pool with fast decomposition rate of straw was one of the main reasons for the difference. For straw, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen was the main factor affecting its decomposition, and for organic fertilizer, it was time. Therefore, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen of soil and material should be considered to regulate the decomposition of straw, and the long-term effect of organic fertilizer should be fully considered.

Key words: straw, organic fertilizer, raction of carbon remaining, proportion of organic carbon pool, soil accumulated temperature

LI DeJin, MA Xiang, SUN Yue, XU MingGang, DUAN YingHua. Decomposition Characteristics of Straw and Organic Fertilizer Mixed Soil After Landfill in Typical Area[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(6): 1127-1138.

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指标 Indicator	pH	有机碳 SOC (g·kg^-1)	全氮Total N (g·kg^-1)	碳氮比C/N	全磷Total P (g·kg^-1)	全钾Total K (g·kg^-1)	速效磷Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾Available K (mg·kg^-1)	砂粒Sand (%)	粉粒 Silt (%)	黏粒 Clay (%)	土壤质地* Soil texture
黑土 Black soil	7.85	15.1	1.31	11.50	0.60	24.0	6.95	110	40.0	29.7	30.3	壤质黏土 Loamy clay
潮土 Fluvo-aquic soil	7.92	6.1	1.01	6.04	0.71	23.7	38.6	150	70.0	19.5	10.5	砂壤土 Sandy loam
红壤 Red soil	5.25	10.1	1.1	9.13	0.92	15.6	23.8	120	19.9	33.7	46.4	黏土 Clay

处理 Treatment		有机碳Organic carbon ( g·kg^-1)	全氮Total nitrogen ( g·kg^-1)	碳氮比C﹕N ratio
小麦秸秆WS	纯物料 Pure material	396	6.23	63.6
	混合黑土 WS+Black soil	62.3	1.89	33.0
	混合潮土 WS+Fluvo-aquic soil	53.8	1.46	36.8
	混合红壤 WS+Red soil	55.7	1.58	35.2
玉米秸秆MS	纯物料 Pure material	396	7.47	53.1
	混合黑土 MS+Black soil	67.2	1.99	33.8
	混合潮土 MS+Fluvo-aquic soil	54.9	1.66	33.1
	混合红壤 MS+Red soil	56.3	1.71	32.9
猪粪PM	纯物料 Pure material	233	20.3	11.5
	混合黑土 MS+Black soil	52.2	4.19	12.4
	混合潮土 MS+Fluvo-aquic soil	48.4	4.09	11.8
	混合红壤 MS+Red soil	49.8	4.21	11.8
牛粪CM	纯物料 Pure material	293	23.4	12.5
	混合黑土 MS+Black soil	53.2	4.05	13.1
	混合潮土 MS+Fluvo-aquic soil	45.4	3.87	11.7
	混合红壤 MS+Red soil	47.2	4.01	11.8

处理 Treatment	1个公历年 1 calendar year			1个积温年 1 thermal year
处理 Treatment	黑土 Black soil	潮土 Fluvo-aquic soil	红壤 Red soil	1个积温年 1 thermal year
小麦秸秆混土WS + soil	43.1 bA	29.2 bB	22.7 bB	37.3
玉米秸秆混土MS + soil	39.7 bcA	27.1 bB	22.4 bB	22.7
猪粪混土 PM + soil	58.1 aA	50.8 aB	45.7 aC	47.1
牛粪混土CM + soil	56.1 abA	54.7 aA	45.0 aB	53.0

土壤类型 Soil type	有机物料混土 Organic material+soil	易分解有机碳库比例 R₁(%)	难分解有机碳库比例 R₂(%)	易分解有机碳腐解速率 k₁(%·a^-1)	难分解有机碳腐解速率 k₂(%·a^-1)	R²
黑土 Black soil	小麦秸秆混土WS+soil	85.8 aA	14.2 bB	1.0 a	9.1×10^-9 aB	0.84*
	玉米秸秆混土MS+soil	85.2 aA	14.8 bB	1.1 a	1.2×10^-8aB	0.89*
	猪粪混土 PM+soil	70.0 bA	30.0 aB	0.9 a	3.2×10^-9aB	0.91*
	牛粪混土 CM+soil	70.8 bA	29.2 aB	0.7 b	1.8×10^-10bB	0.88*
潮土 Fluvo-aquic soil	小麦秸秆混土WS+soil	87.2 aA	12.8 bC	1.2 a	1.2×10^-8aB	0.86*
	玉米秸秆混土MS+soil	87.2 aA	12.8 bC	1.5 a	6.4×10^-9bB	0.90*
	猪粪混土PM+soil	76.6 aA	23.4 aC	0.9 a	1.0×10^-8aB	0.77*
	牛粪混土CM+soil	82.8 aA	17.2 aC	0.7 a	1.6×10^-8aB	0.76*
红壤 Red soil	小麦秸秆混土WS+soil	70.4 bA	29.6 aA	4.9 a	0.4 aA	0.99*
	玉米秸秆混土MS+soil	80.8 aA	19.2 aA	2.6 ab	0.2 bA	0.99*
	猪粪混土PM+soil	67.6 bB	32.4 aA	1.1 b	0.2 bA	0.99*
	牛粪混土CM+soil	57.2 bB	42.8 aA	1.0 b	0.3 abA	0.99*

土壤类型 Soil type	处理Treatment	快速腐解速率kq (%·℃^-1)	慢速腐解速率ks (%·℃^-1)	积温转折点T_t (℃)
黑土 Black soil	小麦秸秆混土WS+soil	68.6	22.7	3710
	玉米秸秆混土MS+soil	56.4	21.9	2370
	猪粪混土PM+soil	48.1	11.1	3680
	牛粪混土CM+soil	46.5	16.0	3530
潮土 Fluvo-aquic soil	小麦秸秆混土WS+soil	63.9	13.3	2970
	玉米秸秆混土MS+soil	64.7	13.6	3660
	猪粪混土PM+soil	63.9	6.70	5890
	牛粪混土CM+soil	64.4	15.3	5890
红壤 Red soil	小麦秸秆混土WS+soil	65.0	17.8	3660
	玉米秸秆混土MS+soil	71.3	23.0	1580
	猪粪混土PM+soil	51.6	24.0	7850
	牛粪混土CM+soil	51.3	27.5	8580

Decomposition Characteristics of Straw and Organic Fertilizer Mixed Soil After Landfill in Typical Area

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